Sources of Tibetan Tradition by Schaeffer, Kurtis R. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half title Series Page Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgments Transcription and Transliteration Conventions List of Contributors Dates in Tibetan History and Key Events in Neighboring Lands Maps Part I. Political Expansion and the Beginnings of Tibetan Buddhist Culture (Seventh to Tenth Centuries)

1. Tibet in Medieval Chinese, Islamic, and Western Sources

The Tang Annals on Tibet

Origins and Customs of the Tibetans Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng A Second Chinese Princess Is Sent to Tibet The Tibetan Invasion of the Chinese Capital The Peace Treaty of 783 The Peace Treaty of 821

Early Islamic Sources on Tibet

From the Zayn al-Akhbar From the Hudūd al-Alam, The Regions of the World

The First Western References to Tibet

From The Travels of Benjamin mi-Tudela From The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck From The Travels of Marco Polo

2. Imperial Records from Dunhuang

The Old Tibetan Chronicles

The Myth of the First King The Death of Drigum Tsenpo Warlords Versus True Kings The Conquests and Institutes of Songtsen Gampo

The Old Tibetan Annals

Emperor Düsong and the Dowager Empress Tri Malö Tibet Conquers the Chinese Capital

Tibetan Administrative Documents from Gansu

A Contract for the Sale of a Male Bondservant A Contract for the Borrowing of Household Utensils A Receipt for the Repayment of Loaned Wheat A Contract for a Man Hiring Another to Do His Corvée Duty of Transporting the Annual Grain Tribute

3. Imperial Edicts from Central and Far Eastern Tibet

The Stele of Takdra Lukhong

The South Face of the Takdra Lukhong Stele in Lhasa Zhöl

The Adoption of Buddhism and the Foundation of Samyé Monastery

The Conversion Edict of Tri Songdetsen The Samyé Pillar Inscription The Samyé Bell Inscription

Inscriptions and Edicts from the Reign of Tri Desongtsen

Tri Desongtsen’s Edicts Rewarding the Monk Nyang Tingngedzin Zangpo Tri Desongtsen’s Vow to Support Buddhism An Imperial Decree on Translation

The Chinese-Tibetan Treaty of 821–822

The “Uncle-Nephew” Pillar Inscription The Prayers of Dega Yutsel

4. Institutions and Knowledge Under the Tibetan Empire

Tibetan Law

Trial for Homicide Selections from the “Dice Edicts”: Conjugal Law, Ecclesiastical Wealth, and Military Conscription Law and State in Imperial Tibet

Foreign Contacts

Manicheanism and Christianity Confucius and the Marvelous Lad The Tibetan Rāmāyana from Dunhuang Lands and Peoples of the Far North

Medical Traditions

A Manual of Varied Treatments: Pelliot tibétain 1057 Methods of Moxibustion: Pelliot tibétain 127 and 1044 From a Dunhuang Veterinary Manual

Causes and Signs

From The Criteria of the Authentic Scriptures On Bird Divination

5. Early Religion and the Beginnings of Buddhism

Early Non-Buddhist Texts

The Narrative of the Fall of Mankind Myths and Rituals of Death

The Testament of Ba: An Imperial Family Saga

The Vermilion Pearl: A Tale of Conversion The Founding of Samyé, Tibet’s First Monastery Chinese and Indian Buddhists at Samyé An Emperor’s Funeral Debated

The Introduction of Esoteric Buddhism

Padmasambhava: Tibet’s Imperial Exorcist An Early Great Perfection Treatise Teachings of an Indian Master in Early Postimperial Tibet

Part II. Tibet in Fragments: From Empire to Monastic Principalities (Eleventh to Twelfth Centuries)

6. Renewal and Rediscovery: The Later Diffusion of Buddhism and the Response of the “Ancients”

Revival in West Tibet

The Ordinance of Yeshé-ö to Tantric Practitioners The Life of the Translator Rinchen Zangpo

Atiśa and the Kadampa Order

Atiśa Dīpankaraśrījñāna and Dromtön Gyelwé Jungné The Teaching in Parables

Rongzompa’s Defense of Nyingma Tantra

7. The Proliferation of New Lineages

The Formation of the Sakyapa Tradition

Drokmi Lotsawa and the Teaching of the Path and Fruit Freedom from Preoccupations

The Kagyüpa Lineages

Marpa’s Dream Vision of Saraha From Gampopa’s Jewel Rosary of the Supreme Path The Life of a Kagyü School Founder: Pakmodrupa Lama Zhang, Leader of the Lhasa Region “Twelve and a Half Crippled Verses” and Other Poems from Lama Zhang

Tibetan Seekers in India

Naktso Lotsawa’s Meeting with Nāropa Journey to the Seat of the Buddha

The Lineages of the Shangpa Kagyü and Pacification

The Origins of the Shangpa Kagyü Tradition The Advice of an Indian Yogin Machik Lapdrön on Severance and Devotion

8. The Bön Tradition

The Bön Master Shenrap and the Redemption of Tobu Dodé The Life of Shenchen Luga, Treasure Revealer of the Bön Tradition The Nine Ways of Bön The Teachings of Lord Shenrap Anti-Bön Polemics A Debate Text in the Bönpo Great Perfection Tradition

9. The Development of the Medical Tradition

The Preaching of the Four Medical Tantras On Physicians Yutok and the Foreign Doctors

Part III. The Age of Monastic and Aristocratic Hegemonies: The Florescence of Tibetan Culture (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries)

10. Elaborating the Narratives of Tibetan Antiquity

Avalokiteśvara’s Mission The Clear Mirror’s Account of Songtsen Gampo In Praise of Translators The Epic of King Gesar From Nyangrel’s Life of Padmasambhava Padmasambhava and Yeshé Tsogyel

11. Historians and Historical Documents of the Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries

Mongol Domination and the Yuan Dynasty

Lama Pakpa’s Elucidation of the Knowable A History of the Yuan Emperors: The Red Book The Zhalu Edict of the Mongol Prince Qayishan A Letter to Tibetan Officials

The Pakmodrupa Hegemony

The Biography of a Ruler: Tai Situ Jangchup Gyeltsen Butön’s Request to the Master Jangchup Gyeltsen Battles Over Central Tibet

Regional Regimes

The Kings of Tsang The Kings of Mustang The Kings of Western Tibet

Tāranātha’s History of Buddhism in India

12. Explorations of Buddhist Doctrine

The Development of Tibetan Scholasticism Shakya Chokden’s History of Madhyamaka Thought in Tibet The Life of Ngok Loden Sherap, the Translator A Life of Learning: Sakya Pandita

The Life of the Scholar of Sakya Sakya Pandita’s Gateway to Learning

The Skepticism of Karma Pakshi Butön Rinchendrup and the Formation of the Canon

Butön’s Jewelry of Scripture A Buddhist Canon for the Lord of Zhalu

Three Approaches to the Absolute

The Fourth Council of Dölpopa Longchen Rapjampa: How Samsāra Is Fabricated from the Ground of Being Karmapa Rangjung Dorjé’s Prayer to the Great Seal

13. Literary Developments

The Epic of Rāma in Thirteenth-Century Tibet Song to Quarreling Leaders Words of Joy in a Forest Grove A Story of Forest Darkness The Life and Songs of Milarepa

The Creation of the Life Selections from the Life of Milarepa

14. Writings on Death and Dying

The Art of Dying

The Dissolution of the Human Body and Mind A Prayer for Protection from Fear in the Bardo After Death

Narratives of Death

Maudgalyāyana’s Salvation of His Mother from Hell The Judgment in Hell of a Snooty Young Princess The Death Biography of Sanggyé Tönpa

Mortuary Rites for the Saintly Dead

Forging the Relics of Saints Tibetan Embalming Practices

15. The Growth of the Arts and Sciences

On the Importance of the Five Arts

Introduction to Poetry

Music and Lyrical Song

Sakya Pandita on Music A Drinking Song A Weaving Song

Advice to Physicians Aspects of Art and Engineering

Building Iron Bridges: Tangtong Gyelpo Pema Karpo on Sculptural Style

The Codification of the Laws

The Legal Codes of Central Tibet A Bhutanese Legal Code

Part IV. The Age of Centralization: The Rise of the Ganden Government and Its Bid for Cultural Hegemony (Seventeenth to Twentieth Centuries)

16. The Beginnings of the Gandenpa School

The Life and Teachings of Tsongkhapa

A Life of Good Counsel and a Summary of the Stages of the Buddhist Path Tsongkhapa’s Three Essentials of the Path The Founding of the Great Prayer Festival of Lhasa

The Rise of the Gelukpa Order

The Founding of Trashilhünpo Monastery The Meeting Between Altan Khan and Sönam Gyatso

17. The Fifth Dalai Lama and the Ganden Government

Acts of the Fifth Dalai Lama The Fifth Dalai Lama’s History of Tibet The Fifth Dalai Lama’s Visit to Beijing Monastic Rivalry in Lhasa The Fifth Dalai Lama Appoints a Governor and Later Edicts A Letter from the Fifth Dalai Lama The Official History of the Gandenpa: Sanggyé Gyatso’s Yellow Beryl

18. Aristocrats, Monks, and Hermits

Amorous Writings

Love Songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama A Song of Longing from the King of Tibet, Polhané Sönam Topgyé

Public and Political Affairs

Dokharwa Tsering Wanggyel’s Autobiography: A Life of Government Service A Tibetan Aristocrat at the Manchu Court A Tibetan Diplomat Reflecting on the Status of Tibet After War with Nepal

Reflections of Pious Critics

Critiques of Central Tibet The Suffering of a Himalayan Nun

19. Religious and Political Developments in Eastern Tibet

The Growth of the Gelukpa Order in the East

Kelden Gyatso’s Religious History of Amdo The Donors of Gönlung Monastery in Amdo Sumpa Khenpo’s Annals of Kokonor Makzor Gönpo and the Choné Kangyur Labrang Monastery’s Jamyang Zhepa Lama Invokes Protective Deities The Religious History of Muli

Figures from the Kingdom of Dergé

The Deeds of the Dergé King In Praise of a Life of Learning Culture and Rulership Under the Kings of Dergé

20. Encountering Other Cultures

Impressions of Nepal and India

A Journey to Kathmandu Before the Rise of the Shah Dynasty A Trip to the Broken Heartland of Buddhism Jikmé Lingpa’s Indian Discourses

Intersections with Mongolia and China

The Renewal of Mongol-Tibetan Relations: Dharmatala’s History of Buddhism in Mongolia A Description of China From a Guidebook to the Five-Peaked Mountain Dreaming of Cross-cultural Encounters at the Qing Court A Tibetan View of Chinese Religions

Intimations of the West

Sumpa Khenpo on the Far North and Middle East Selections from The Great Geography

21. Religious Writers in Amdo and Kham

Religious Poets from Northeast Tibet

Spiritual Songs of Kelden Gyatso An Amdo Boyhood: Zhapkar Tsokdruk Rangdröl Songs in Praise of the Natural World

Religious Leaders in Kham

Dza Peltrül Rinpoché: On Compassion The Autobiography of Jamgön Kongtrül The Development of Artistic Style Mipam Rinpoché: Some Surprises Due to a Conversation with Friends

Early Twentieth-Century Successors

The Death of a Modern Bönpo Master: Shardza Trashi Gyeltsen A Female Treasure Revealer: Sera Khandro

Part V. Expanding Horizons in the Early Twentieth Century

22. Early Twentieth-Century Tibetan Encounters with the West

Adrup Gönpo’s Impressions of France Gurong Tsang’s Travels in China The Lama and the General Gendün Chöpel, Itinerant Scholar and Poet

23. Tibetans Addressing Modern Political Issues

The Age of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama

A Tibetan Buddhist Diplomat to Russia: Dorjiev on Europe and Christianity Letters from Tibet’s Ruling Lamas to Foreign Leaders and Scholars The Mirror: A Tibetan Newspaper from West Bengal The Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Last Testament

Tibetan Buddhists in China

The Ninth Panchen Lama in Exile in China Tibetan Missionaries in China: The Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Academy, Chongqing (Sichuan) Gendün Chöpel on British Imperialism

Credits For Further Reading Index

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