The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy by Garry, Ann -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy Routledge Philosophy Companions Title Page Copyright Contents Notes on Contributors Introduction

Aims of this Companion Engaging the Past Mind, Body, and World Knowledge, Language, and Science Intersections Ethics, Politics, and Aesthetics Some Thanks and a Note about Usage

Part I Engaging the Past

1 Feminist Methods in the History of Philosophy, or, Escape from Coventry

The Philosophical Imaginary and the Héloïse Complex The Man of Reason Written in Invisible Ink Women, Reason, and Democracy

2 Feminism and Ancient Greek Philosophy

Binary Logic Terminology and the Question of Origin Was Plato a Feminist? Plato’s Cave and the Chora Aristotle In Conclusion

3 Dao Becomes Female: A Gendered Reality, Knowledge, and Strategy for Living

Introduction Dao as Cosmic Mother and Female Body Femininity as a Way to Know Dao The Female Mode: The Ultimate Power and Strategy Final Remarks

4 Feminism, Philosophy, and Culture in Africa

Introduction: Contextualizing Theories and Practices Feminism as Engagement The State of Affairs: A Brief Overview The Language Gap Gender Alone Cannot Explain All Injustice Women’s Silence and the Reproduction of Patriarchal Ideology Conclusion

5 Feminist Engagement with Judeo-Christian Religious Traditions

A Brief History of Feminist Religious and Theological Critique The Attraction of Religion: Michèle Le Doeuff on Possibilities and Pitfalls Framing a Practical Feminist Philosophy of Religion Thinking Again About Religion and Feminism Religious Plurality and Feminist Flourishing Conclusion

6 Early Modern Feminism and Cartesian Philosophy

Introduction Poullain Astell

7 Feminist Engagements with Social Contract Theory

Introduction The Classic Social Contract Theorists The Political Social Contract: Carole Pateman The Ethical Social Contract: Jean Hampton Are Feminist Perspectives on the Social Contract Compatible?

8 Feminism and the Enlightenment

The Plurality of the Enlightenment Equality, Difference, and Human Rights: Olympe de Gouges and Condorcet Education, Equality, and Independence: Mary Wollstonecraft in Context Feminist Engagements with the Enlightenment

9 Feminist Engagements with Nineteenth-Century German Philosophy

Introduction Hegel and German Idealism: Being and Thinking Nietzsche, the Eternal Feminine, and Truth as a Woman Women’s Voices in the Nineteenth Century

10 Introducing Black Feminist Philosophy

Introduction The Multistability of Oppression Possessing Negative Socio-Epistemic Status Conclusion: Towards a Politics of Spatiality

11 Feminist Pragmatism

Classical Pragmatism and Feminist Recovery Projects Feminist Pragmatism or Pragmatist Feminism? Historical Connections Contemporary Feminist Pragmatism Feminist Pragmatist Futures

12 Feminist Phenomenology

Phenomenology as Method Lived Experience and Pathologies of the Social Critical Phenomenology and Hesitation

Part II Body, Mind, and World

13 The Sex/Gender Distinction and the Social Construction of Reality

Introduction The Construction of Ideas and Concepts Social Construction and Illusion The Social Construction of Objects The Social Construction of Kinds Conclusion

14 Gender Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism

Introduction What Is at Stake? Worth of the Debate?

15 Embodiment and Feminist Philosophy

Introduction Historical Starting Points Contemporary Alternatives Phenomenology of Human Embodiment Bodies as Instruments and Expressions The Limits of Naturalism

16 Materiality: Sex, Gender, and What Lies Beneath

Matter, Materialism, Materiality New Materialism Sex, Gender, Mattering Conclusion

17 Feminism and Borderlands Identities

Feminist Thought on the Inner Diversity of the Self Social Conflict, Borderlands Identities, and Feminism Intersectionality within and Borderlands Identities Types of Identities and Identity Formations Identity Schemes: The Social Sources and Formation of Borderlands Identities Borderlands Identities and Social Change: Negotiating Identity Claims in Changing Times The Special Challenges and Potential of Borderlands Identities

18 Personal Identity and Relational Selves

Care Ethics and the Relational Self Anti-Individualism in Philosophy of Mind Personal Identity and Lived Experience Social Construction and Narrative Self-Constitution Conclusion

19 Psychoanalysis, Subjectivity, and Feminism

Introduction Subjectivity and Subject Positions The Unconscious, Sublimation, and Meaning

Part III Knowledge, Language, and Science

20 Rationality and Objectivity in Feminist Philosophy

Starting Places Objectivity Naturalized, Situated Rationality Situated, Naturalized Wherefore Concepts, Ideals, and Theories? Acknowledgment

21 Trust and Testimony in Feminist Epistemology

Feminist Accounts of Trust in Testimony Trust Relations and the Ethical Dimension of Testimony Practices Testimonial Exchanges: Social Identity as a Credibility Marker Correcting for Maladapted Norms of Credibility Trust in Knowledge-Producing Institutions and Communities: The Case of Science Implications of Feminist Analyses of Testimony

22 Epistemic Injustice, Ignorance, and Trans Experience

Epistemic Injustice and Ignorance Trans Experiences and Testimonial Injustice Trans Experiences, Hermeneutical Marginalization, and Hermeneutical Injustice Combatting Epistemic Injustice by Overcoming Conceptual Practical Ignorance

23 Speech and Silencing

Introduction Conceptions of Silencing The Silencing Argument Related Phenomena Acknowledgment

24 Language, Writing, and Gender Differences

Introduction A Language of the Body The Politics of Writing Sexual Difference and Many Languages Mary Daly’s Wickedary Dictionary After Sexual Difference and Écriture Féminine: Judith Butler’s Performative

25 Philosophy of Science and the Feminist Legacy

Pre-Feminist Philosophy of Science The Birth of Feminist Philosophy of Science Scientific Rationality through Feminist Eyes The Legacy

26 Values, Practices, and Metaphysical Assumptions in the Biological Sciences

Introduction Values and Research Practices Values and Metaphysics Values, Practices, and Metaphysical Assumptions in Neuroscience Values, Practices, and Metaphysical Assumptions in Feminist Evolutionary Psychology Conclusion

27 Feminist Philosophy of Social Science

The Broader Context The Feminist Method Debate Feminist “Community Values” Standpoint Theory

Part IV Intersections

28 The Genealogy and Viability of the Concept of Intersectionality

Genealogy Contemporary Articulations Critiques and Controversies Future of the Concept

29 Critical Race Theory, Intersectionality, and Feminist Philosophy

Introduction Critical Race Theory Intersectionality as a Feminist Response to Race and Racism What’s Critical about Intersectionality? What’s Intersectional about Critical Race Theory? Intersectionality across Time and Multiple Fields Conclusion

30 Native American Chaos Theory and the Politics of Difference

Introduction A Brief Overview of the Native American Worldview The Politics of Difference and Native American Chaos Theory

31 Feminist Theory, Lesbian Theory, and Queer Theory

Introduction Born This Way Not Born a Woman We Are the Same It’s Complicated Queering It Up

32 Through the Looking Glass: Trans Theory Meets Feminist Philosophy

Preliminaries Conceptual Analysis of Gender Categories Trans Embodiment Trans Feminism Conversations

33 Feminist and Queer Intersections with Disability Studies

Feminist, Queer, Crip: Theorizing Disability and Debility Impairment and Disability Sex, Gender, and Disability Minds, Bodies, and Knowledge Dependency, Vulnerability, and Justice Cripping Philosophy

34 Women, Gender, and Philosophies of Global Development

Introduction Were Women Left Out of Development? More Unrecognized Facts about Women’s Poverty The Rise of Development Ethics Feminist Philosophic Issues about Development A Fourth Fact: Inadequate Resources and Competence Requirements for Development Designers, Funders, Managers, and Other Professionals Conclusion

35 Feminist Intersections with Environmentalism and Ecological Thought

Nature, Culture, Feminism Ecofeminism in the Global North: The Goddess, Science, and Deep Ecology Ecofeminism: Discipline and Praxis Changing the World: Food, Care, and Climate

36 Encountering Religious Diversity: Perspectives from Feminist Philosophy of Religion

Introduction Gendering Religious Diversity Feminist Epistemology and Religious Beliefs Materialist Interventions: Religion as Real Abstraction Contextualizing Women’s Religious Subjectivity Conclusion

Part V Ethics, Politics, and Aesthetics

Aesthetics

37 Historicizing Feminist Aesthetics

Art as Political How Is Art Political? Kant’s Aesthetics: Regressive or Progressive? Situating Kant’s Aesthetics in the Context of His Philosophical Project Feminist Philosophers Rework Kant Concluding Remarks

38 Aesthetics and the Politics of Gender: On Arendt’s Theory of Narrative and Action

Dilemmas of Feminist Aesthetics Between Politics and Aesthetics: Action, Narrative, and Gender Intersectionality Life and Narrative Conclusion

39 Feminist Aesthetics and the Categories of the Beautiful and the Sublime

Introduction Beauty The Sublime: Early Developments Kant’s Aesthetics The “Feminine” Sublime Reimagining the Sublime References

Ethics

40 Moral Justification in an Unjust World

Diversity, Inequality, and Moral Justification Epistemic Injustice and Moral Justification Four Necessary Conditions of Inclusive Epistemic Democracy Moral and Political Universalism Case Study: Is Female Genital Cutting (FGC) as Practiced by the Maasai a Violation of Women’s Human Rights? Changing the Mission and Method of Moral Epistemology

41 Feminist Conceptions of Autonomy

Introduction Relational Autonomy and Social Oppression Beyond the Procedural/Substantive Debate: A Multidimensional Theory of Autonomy Conclusion

42 Feminist Metaethics

Introduction Truth in Ethics Moral Skepticism Moral Epistemology Conclusion

43 Feminist Ethics of Care

Early Articulations of Care Ethics Early Feminist Misgivings Regarding Care Ethics Subsequent Developments From an Ethic of Care to a Politics of Care Care in a Global Context Conclusion

44 Confucianism and Care Ethics

Confucianism Care Ethics Is Confucianism a Kind of Care Ethics? Beyond the Question of Whether Confucianism Is a Care Ethics The Path of Comradeship in Caring

45 Feminist Virtue Ethics

Virtue Ethics, Feminist Ethics, and Feminist Virtue Ethics Care Ethics and Virtue Ethics Critical Feminist Eudaimonism Feminist Accounts of Specific Virtues and Vices

46 Feminist Bioethics

Introduction Bioethics and Gender Feminist Critiques of Bioethics Shaping the Field: Feminist Contributions to Bioethics Future Directions for Feminist Bioethics

Social and Political Philosophy

47 Multicultural and Postcolonial Feminisms

Multiculturalism Feminism: Rethinking Liberal Humanism Postcolonial Feminists Unsettle the Humanist Subject Bringing Postcolonial Insights to Philosophy: Selves and Others, Reasons and Emotions Conclusion

48 Neoliberalism, Global Justice, and Transnational Feminisms

Relational Understandings of Harm and Responsibility Naturalized Approaches to Normative Frameworks Feminized Labor as a Justice Concern Conclusion

49 Feminism, Structural Injustice, and Responsibility

What Is Structural Injustice? Responsibility for Structural Injustice Conclusion

50 Latin American Feminist Ethics and Politics

Testimonio and Public Protest Theorizing Women’s Ethical Challenges in History Suffrage and Women’s Rights Modern Women’s Movements and Consciousness-Raising Contemporary Feminist Ethics

51 Feminist Engagements with Democratic Theory

Introduction Democratic Theory in the Twentieth Century The Sea Change in Democratic Theory Discourse Ethics Feminist Responses to Discourse Ethics Conclusion: Deliberation in a Decentralized Public Sphere

52 Feminism and Liberalism

Feminist Critiques of Liberalism Feminist Liberalism Conclusion

53 Feminism and Freedom

Freedom in Theory and Practice: Rights and Privacy, Interdependence and Solidarity The Subject of Freedom and Its Discontents: Contemporary Feminist Philosophies of Freedom Individual Freedom From Women’s Liberation to Feminist Practices of Freedom

54 Feminism and Power

Introduction Power-Over and Power-To Socialist Feminist Approaches Poststructuralist Feminist Approaches Power and Violence Resistance

55 Feminist Approaches to Violence and Vulnerability

Introduction Conceptualizing Violence and Vulnerability Feminism and the Ethics of Political Violence Conclusion

56 Feminist Philosophy of Law, Legal Positivism, and Non-Ideal Theory

Non-Ideal Theory Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morality Feminist Philosophy of Law Sexual Harassment Abortion Conclusion

Index

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