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AN INQUIRY INTO THE PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL OECONOMY: BEING AN ESSAY ON THE SCIENCE OF Domestic Policy in Free Nations.
PREFACE.
ERRATA.
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
BOOK I. OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAP. I. Of the Government of Mankind.
CHAP. II. Of the Spirit of a People.
CHAP. III. Upon what Principles, and from what natural Causes do Mankind multiply? And what are the effects of Procreation in Countries where Numbers are not found to increase?
CHAP. IV. Continuation of the same Subject, with regard to the natural and immediate effects of Agriculture, as to Population.
CHAP. V. In what Manner, and according to what Principles, and political Causes, does Agriculture augment Population?
CHAP. VI. How the Wants of Mankind promote their Multiplication.
CHAP. VII. The Effects of Slavery upon the Multiplication and Employment of Mankind.
CHAP. VIII. What Proportion of Inhabitants is necessary for Agriculture, and what Proportion may be usefully employed in every other Occupation?
CHAP. IX. What are the Principles which regulate the Distribution of Inhabitants into Farms, Villages, Hamlets, Towns, and Cities?
CHAP. X. Of the Consequences which result from the Separation of the two principal Classes of a People, the Farmers and the Free Hands, with regard to their Dwelling.
CHAP. XI. Of the Distribution of Inhabitants into Classes; of the Employment and Multiplication of them.
CHAP. XII. Of the great Advantage of combining a well digested Theory and a perfect Knowledge of Facts with the practical Part of Government, in order to make a People multiply.
CHAP. XIII. Continuation of the same Subject, with regard to the Necessity of having exact Lists of Births, Deaths, and Marriages, for every Class of Inhabitants in a modern Society.
CHAP. XIV. Of the Abuse of Agriculture and Population.
CHAP. XV. Application of the above Principles to the State of Population in Great-Britain.
CHAP. XVI. Why are some Countries found very populous in respect of others, equally well calculated for Improvement?
CHAP. XVII. In what Manner and according to what Proportion do Plenty and Scarcity affect a People?
CHAP. XVIII. Of the Causes and Consequences of a Country’s being fully peopled.
CHAP. XIX. Is the Introduction of Machines into Manufactures prejudicial to the Interest of a State, or hurtful to Population?
CHAP. XX. Miscellaneous Observations upon Agriculture and Population.
CHAP. XXI. Recapitulation of the First Book.
BOOK II. OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAP. I. Of the reciprocal Connections between Trade and Industry.
CHAP. II. Of Demand.
CHAP. III. Of the first Principles of bartering, and how this grows into Trade.
CHAP. IV. How the Prices of Goods are determined by Trade.
CHAP. V. How foreign Trade opens to an industrious People, and the consequences of it to the Merchants who set it on foot.
CHAP. VI. Consequences of the introduction of a passive foreign Trade among a People who live in Simplicity and Idleness.
CHAP. VII. Of double Competition.
CHAP. VIII. Of what is called Expence, Profit, and Loss.
CHAP. IX. The general consequences resulting to a trading Nation, upon the opening of an active foreign Commerce.
CHAP. X. Of the Balance of Work and Demand.
CHAP. XI. Why in Time this Balance is destroyed.
CHAP. XII. Of the Competition between Nations.
CHAP. XIII. How far the Form of Government of a particular Country may be favourable or unfavourable to a Competition with other Nations, in matters of Commerce.
CHAP. XIV. Security, Ease and Happiness, no inseparable Concomitants of Trade and Industry.
CHAP. XV. A general View of the Principles to be attended to by a Statesman, who resolves to establish Trade and Industry upon a lasting footing.
CHAP. XVI. Illustration of some Principles laid down in the former Chapter, relative to the advancement and support of foreign Trade.
CHAP. XVII. Symptoms of Decay in foreign Trade.
CHAP. XVIII. Methods of lowering the Price of Manufactures, in order to make them vendible in foreign Markets.
CHAP. XIX. Of infant, foreign, and inland Trade, with respect to the several Principles which influence them.
CHAP. XX. Of Luxury.
CHAP. XXI. Of Physical and Political Necessaries.
CHAP. XXII. Preliminary Reflections upon inland Commerce.
CHAP. XXIII.
CHAP. XXIV. What is the proper Method to put a Stop to a foreign Trade in Manufactures, when the Balance of it turns against a Nation?
CHAP. XXV. When a rich Nation finds her Foreign Trade reduced to the Articles of Natural Produce, what is the best plan to be followed? and what are the Consequences of such a Change of Circumstances?
CHAP. XXVI. Of the Vibration of the Balance of Wealth between the Subjects of a modern State.
CHAP. XXVII. Circulation and the Balance of Wealth, objects worthy of the attention of a modern Statesman.
CHAP. XXVIII. Circulation considered with regard to the rise and fall of the Price of Subsistence and Manufactures.
CHAP. XXIX. Circulation with foreign Nations, the same thing as the Balance of Trade.
CHAP. XXX. Miscellaneous Questions and Observations relative to Trade and Industry.
CHAP. XXXI. Recapitulation of the Second Book.
BOOK III. OF MONEY AND COIN.
PART I. THE PRINCIPLES OF MONEY DEDUCED AND APPLIED TO THE COIN OF GREAT BRITAIN.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAP. I. Of Money of Accompt.
CHAP. II Of Artificial or Material money.
CHAP. III. Incapacities of the Metals to perform the office of an invariable measure of value.
CHAP. IV. Methods which may be proposed for lessening the several inconveniences to which material Money is liable.
CHAP. V. Variations to which the Value of the Money-unit is exposed from every disorder in the Coin.
CHAP. VI. How the Variations in the intrinsic value of the unit of Money must affect all the domestic Interests of a Nation.
CHAP. VII. Of the disorder in the British Coin, so far as it occasions the melting down or the exporting of the Specie.
CHAP. VIII. Of the disorder in the British coin, so far as it affects the value of the pound sterling currency.
CHAP. IX. Historical account of the Variations of the British Coin.
CHAP. X. Of the disorder of the British Coin, so far as it affects the Circulation of Gold and Silver Coin; and of the Consequences of reducing Guineas to Twenty Shillings.
CHAP. XI. Method of restoring the Money-unit to the Standard of Elizabeth, and the Consequences of that Revolution.
CHAP. XII. Objections stated against the Principles laid down in this Inquiry, and Answers to them.
CHAP. XIII. In what Sense the Standard may be said to have been debased by Law, and in what Sense it may be said to have suffered a gradual Debasement by the Operation of political Causes.
CHAP. XIV. Circumstances to be attended to in a new Regulation of the British Coin.
CHAP. XV. Regulations which the Principles of this Inquiry point out as expedient to be made by a new Statute for regulating the British Coin.
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