The IDA Pro Book · 2nd Edition by Eagle, Chris -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

The IDA Pro Book

PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION OF THE IDA PRO BOOK Acknowledgments Introduction I. Introduction to IDA

1. Introduction to Disassembly

Disassembly Theory The What of Disassembly The Why of Disassembly

Malware Analysis Vulnerability Analysis Software Interoperability Compiler Validation Debugging Displays

The How of Disassembly

A Basic Disassembly Algorithm Linear Sweep Disassembly Recursive Descent Disassembly

Sequential Flow Instructions Conditional Branching Instructions Unconditional Branching Instructions Function Call Instructions Return Instructions

Summary

2. Reversing and Disassembly Tools

Classification Tools

file PE Tools PEiD

Summary Tools

nm ldd objdump otool dumpbin c++filt

Deep Inspection Tools

strings Disassemblers

Summary

3. IDA Pro Background

Hex-Rays’ Stance on Piracy Obtaining IDA Pro

IDA Versions IDA Licenses Purchasing IDA Upgrading IDA

IDA Support Resources Your IDA Installation

Windows Installation OS X and Linux Installation IDA and SELinux 32-bit vs. 64-bit IDA The IDA Directory Layout

Thoughts on IDA’s User Interface Summary

II. Basic IDA Usage

4. Getting Started with IDA

Launching IDA

IDA File Loading Using the Binary File Loader

IDA Database Files

IDA Database Creation Closing IDA Databases Reopening a Database

Introduction to the IDA Desktop Desktop Behavior During Initial Analysis IDA Desktop Tips and Tricks Reporting Bugs Summary

5. IDA Data Displays

The Principal IDA Displays

The Disassembly Window

IDA Graph View IDA Text View

The Functions Window The Output Window

Secondary IDA Displays

The Hex View Window The Exports Window The Imports Window The Structures Window The Enums Window

Tertiary IDA Displays

The Strings Window The Names Window The Segments Window The Signatures Window The Type Libraries Window The Function Calls Window The Problems Window

Summary

6. Disassembly Navigation

Basic IDA Navigation

Double-Click Navigation Jump to Address Navigation History

Stack Frames

Calling Conventions

The C Calling Convention The Standard Calling Convention The fastcall Convention for x86 C++ Calling Conventions Other Calling Conventions

Local Variable Layout Stack Frame Examples IDA Stack Views

Searching the Database

Text Searches Binary Searches

Summary

7. Disassembly Manipulation

Names and Naming

Parameters and Local Variables Named Locations Register Names

Commenting in IDA

Regular Comments Repeatable Comments Anterior and Posterior Lines Function Comments

Basic Code Transformations

Code Display Options Formatting Instruction Operands Manipulating Functions

Creating New Functions Deleting Functions Function Chunks Function Attributes Stack Pointer Adjustments

Converting Data to Code (and Vice Versa)

Basic Data Transformations

Specifying Data Sizes Working with Strings Specifying Arrays

Summary

8. Datatypes and Data Structures

Recognizing Data Structure Use

Array Member Access

Globally Allocated Arrays Stack-Allocated Arrays Heap-Allocated Arrays

Structure Member Access

Globally Allocated Structures Stack-Allocated Structures Heap-Allocated Structures Arrays of Structures

Creating IDA Structures

Creating a New Structure (or Union) Editing Structure Members Stack Frames as Specialized Structures

Using Structure Templates Importing New Structures

Parsing C Structure Declarations Parsing C Header Files

Using Standard Structures IDA TIL Files

Loading New TIL Files Sharing TIL Files

C++ Reversing Primer

The this Pointer Virtual Functions and Vtables The Object Life Cycle Name Mangling Runtime Type Identification Inheritance Relationships C++ Reverse Engineering References

Summary

9. Cross-References and Graphing

Cross-References

Code Cross-References Data Cross-References Cross-Reference Lists Function Calls

IDA Graphing

IDA External (Third-Party) Graphing

External Flowcharts External Call Graphs External Cross-Reference Graphs Custom Cross-Reference Graphs

IDA’s Integrated Graph View

Summary

10. The Many Faces of IDA

Console Mode IDA

Common Features of Console Mode Windows Console Specifics Linux Console Specifics OS X Console Specifics

Using IDA’s Batch Mode Summary

III. Advanced IDA Usage

11. Customizing IDA

Configuration Files

The Main Configuration File: ida.cfg The GUI Configuration File: idagui.cfg The Console Configuration File: idatui.cfg

Additional IDA Configuration Options

IDA Colors Customizing IDA Toolbars

Summary

12. Library Recognition Using FLIRT Signatures

Fast Library Identification and Recognition Technology Applying FLIRT Signatures Creating FLIRT Signature Files

Signature-Creation Overview Identifying and Acquiring Static Libraries Creating Pattern Files Creating Signature Files Startup Signatures

Summary

13. Extending IDA’s Knowledge

Augmenting Function Information

IDS Files Creating IDS Files

Augmenting Predefined Comments with loadint Summary

14. Patching Binaries and Other IDA Limitations

The Infamous Patch Program Menu

Changing Individual Database Bytes Changing a Word in the Database Using the Assemble Dialog

IDA Output Files and Patch Generation

IDA-Generated MAP Files IDA-Generated ASM Files IDA-Generated INC Files IDA-Generated LST Files IDA-Generated EXE Files IDA-Generated DIF Files IDA-Generated HTML Files

Summary

IV. Extending IDA’s Capabilities

15. IDA Scripting

Basic Script Execution The IDC Language

IDC Variables IDC Expressions IDC Statements IDC Functions IDC Objects IDC Programs Error Handling in IDC Persistent Data Storage in IDC

Associating IDC Scripts with Hotkeys Useful IDC Functions

Functions for Reading and Modifying Data User Interaction Functions String-Manipulation Functions File Input/Output Functions Manipulating Database Names Functions Dealing with Functions Code Cross-Reference Functions Data Cross-Reference Functions Database Manipulation Functions Database Search Functions Disassembly Line Components

IDC Scripting Examples

Enumerating Functions Enumerating Instructions Enumerating Cross-References Enumerating Exported Functions Finding and Labeling Function Arguments Emulating Assembly Language Behavior

IDAPython

Using IDAPython

IDAPython Scripting Examples

Enumerating Functions Enumerating Instructions Enumerating Cross-References Enumerating Exported Functions

Summary

16. The IDA Software Development Kit

SDK Introduction

SDK Installation SDK Layout Configuring a Build Environment

The IDA Application Programming Interface

Header Files Overview Netnodes

Creating Netnodes Data Storage in Netnodes Deleting Netnodes and Netnode Data

Useful SDK Datatypes Commonly Used SDK Functions

Basic Database Access User Interface Functions Manipulating Database Names Function Manipulation Structure Manipulation Segment Manipulation Code Cross-References Data Cross-References

Iteration Techniques Using the IDA API

Enumerating Functions Enumerating Structure Members Enumerating Cross-References

Summary

17. The IDA Plug-in Architecture

Writing a Plug-in

The Plug-in Life Cycle Plug-in Initialization Event Notification Plug-in Execution

Building Your Plug-ins Installing Plug-ins Configuring Plug-ins Extending IDC Plug-in User Interface Options

Using the SDK’s Chooser Dialogs Creating Customized Forms with the SDK Windows-Only User Interface–Generation Techniques User Interface Generation with Qt

Scripted Plug-ins Summary

18. Binary Files and IDA Loader Modules

Unknown File Analysis Manually Loading a Windows PE File IDA Loader Modules Writing an IDA Loader Using the SDK

The Simpleton Loader Building an IDA Loader Module A pcap Loader for IDA

Alternative Loader Strategies Writing a Scripted Loader Summary

19. IDA Processor Modules

Python Byte Code The Python Interpreter Writing a Processor Module Using the SDK

The processor_t Struct Basic Initialization of the LPH Structure The Analyzer The Emulator The Outputter Processor Notifications Other processor_t Members

Building Processor Modules Customizing Existing Processors Processor Module Architecture Scripting a Processor Module Summary

V. Real-World Applications

20. Compiler Personalities

Jump Tables and Switch Statements RTTI Implementations Locating main Debug vs. Release Binaries Alternative Calling Conventions Summary

21. Obfuscated Code Analysis

Anti–Static Analysis Techniques

Disassembly Desynchronization Dynamically Computed Target Addresses

Opcode Obfuscation

Imported Function Obfuscation Targeted Attacks on Analysis Tools

Anti–Dynamic Analysis Techniques

Detecting Virtualization Detecting Instrumentation Detecting Debuggers Preventing Debugging

Static De-obfuscation of Binaries Using IDA

Script-Oriented De-obfuscation Emulation-Oriented De-obfuscation

x86emu Initialization Basic x86emu Operation Emulator-Assisted De-obfuscation Additional x86emu Features x86emu and Anti-debugging

Virtual Machine-Based Obfuscation Summary

22. Vulnerability Analysis

Discovering New Vulnerabilities with IDA After-the-Fact Vulnerability Discovery with IDA IDA and the Exploit-Development Process

Stack Frame Breakdown Locating Instruction Sequences Finding Useful Virtual Addresses

Analyzing Shellcode Summary

23. Real-World IDA Plug-ins

Hex-Rays IDAPython collabREate ida-x86emu Class Informer MyNav IdaPdf Summary

VI. The IDA Debugger

24. The IDA Debugger

Launching the Debugger Basic Debugger Displays Process Control

Breakpoints Tracing Stack Traces Watches

Automating Debugger Tasks

Scripting Debugger Actions Automating Debugger Actions with IDA Plug-ins

Summary

25. Disassembler/Debugger Integration

Background IDA Databases and the IDA Debugger Debugging Obfuscated Code

Launching the Process Simple Decryption and Decompression Loops Import Table Reconstruction Hiding the Debugger

IdaStealth Dealing with Exceptions Summary

26. Additional Debugger Features

Remote Debugging with IDA

Using a Hex-Rays Debugging Server Attaching to a Remote Process Exception Handling During Remote Debugging Using Scripts and Plug-ins During Remote Debugging

Debugging with Bochs

Bochs IDB Mode Bochs PE Mode Bochs Disk Image Mode

Appcall Summary

A. Using IDA Freeware 5.0

Restrictions on IDA Freeware Using IDA Freeware

B. IDC/SDK Cross-Reference Index About the Author

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