AP Statistics by Sternstein, Mark -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Author’s Note Copyright Page Contents Barron’s Essential 5 Introduction Diagnostic Examination

Answers Explained AP Score for the Diagnostic Exam Study Guide for the Diagnostic Test Multiple-Choice Questions

Theme One: Exploratory Analysis

Topic One: Graphical Displays

Bar charts dotplots histograms stemplots center and spread clusters and gaps outliers modes shape cumulative relative frequency plots skewness. Questions on Topic One

Topic Two: Summarizing Distributions

Measuring the center: median and mean measuring spread: range, interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation measuring position: simple ranking, percentile ranking, and z-score empirical rule histograms and measures of central tendency histograms, z-scores, and percentile rankings boxplots effect of changing units. Questions on Topic Two

Topic Three: Comparing Distributions

Dotplots double bar charts back-to-back stemplots parallel boxplots cumulative frequency plots. Questions on Topic Three

Topic Four: Exploring Bivariate Data

Scatterplots correlation and linearity least squares regression line residual plots outliers and influential points transformations to achieve linearity. Questions on Topic Four

Topic Five: Exploring Categorical Data: Frequency Tables

Marginal frequencies and distributions conditional frequencies and distributions. Questions on Topic Five

Theme Two: Planning A Study

Topic Six: Overview of Methods of Data Collection

Census sample survey experiment observational study. Questions on Topic Six

Topic Seven: Planning and Conducting Surveys

Simple random sampling characteristics of a well-designed, well-conducted survey sampling error: the variation inherent in a survey sources of bias in surveys other sampling methods. Questions on Topic Seven

Topic Eight: Planning and Conducting Experiments

Experiments versus observational studies versus surveys confounding, control groups, placebo effects, and blinding treatments, experimental units, and randomization completely randomized design for two treatments randomized paired comparison design replication, blocking, and generalizability of results. Questions on Topic Eight

Theme Three: Probability

Topic Nine: Probability as Relative Frequency

The law of large numbers basic probability rules multistage probability calculations binomial distribution geometric probabilities simulation discrete random variables, means (expected values), and standard deviations. Questions on Topic Nine

Topic Ten: Combining Independent Random Variables

Means and variances for sums and differences of sets means and variances for sums and differences of independent random variables. Questions on Topic Ten

Topic Eleven: The Normal Distribution

Properties of the normal distribution using tables of the normal distribution using a calculator with areas under a normal curve the normal distribution as a model for measurement commonly used probabilities and z-scores finding means and standard deviations normal approximation to the binomial checking normality. Questions on Topic Eleven

Topic Twelve: Sampling Distributions

Sampling distribution of a sample proportion sampling distribution of a sample mean central limit theorem sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means the t-distribution the chi-square distribution the standard error bias and accuracy. Questions on Topic Twelve

Theme Four: Statistical Inference

Topic Thirteen: Confidence Intervals

The meaning of a confidence interval confidence interval for a proportion confidence interval for a difference of two proportions confidence interval for a mean confidence interval for a difference between two means confidence interval for the slope of a least squares regression line. Questions on Topic Thirteen

Topic Fourteen: Tests of Significance—Proportions and Means

Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses, P-values, one- and two-sided tests, Type I and Type II errors, and the concept of power hypothesis test for a proportion hypothesis test for a difference between two proportions hypothesis test for a mean hypothesis test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) more on power and Type II errors confidence intervals versus hypothesis tests. Questions on Topic Fourteen

Topic Fifteen: Tests of Significance—Chi-Square and Slope of Least Squares Line

Chi-square test for goodness of fit chi-square test for independence chi-square test for homogeneity of proportions hypothesis test for slope of least squares line independence. Questions on Topic Fifteen

Practice Examinations

Practice Examination 1

Answers Explained

Practice Examination 2

Answers Explained

Practice Examination 3

Answers Explained

Practice Examination 4

Answers Explained

Practice Examination 5

Answers Explained

Relating Multiple-Choice Problems to Review Book Topics

Appendix

Checking Assumptions for Inference 35 AP Exam Hints AP Scoring Guide Basic Uses of the TI-83/TI-84 Formulas Inferential Statistics Graphical Displays Table A: Standard Normal Probabilities Table B: t-distribution Critical Values Table C: x2 Critical Values Table D: Random Number Table

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