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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Editorial Advisory Board
How To Use This Book
Abbreviations
Contents
1 Fruits and Vegetables
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Age-Related Eye Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Neurodegenerative Disease
Intake Recommendations
Summary
2 Cruciferous Vegetables
Disease Prevention
Cancer
Nutrient Interactions
Iodine and Thyroid Function
Intake Recommendations
Summary
3 Legumes
Disease Prevention
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Intake Recommendations
Summary
4 Nuts
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Body Weight
Safety
Nut Allergies
Adverse Effects
Intake Recommendations
Summary
5 Whole Grains
Disease Prevention
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Intestinal Health
Intake Recommendations
Increasing Whole-Grain Intake
Summary
6 Coffee
Some Bioactive Compounds in Coffee
Chlorogenic Acid
Caffeine
Diterpenes
Disease Prevention
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Parkinson Disease
Colorectal Cancer
Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer
Mortality
Safety
Health Risks Associated with Coffee Consumption
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Summary
7 Tea
Definitions
Types of Tea
Cup Sizes
Bioactive Compounds in Tea
Flavonoids
Caffeine
Fluoride
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Dental Caries
Kidney Stones
Weight Loss
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Summary
8 Carotenoids
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Vitamin A Activity
Antioxidant Activity
Light Filtering
Intercellular Communication
Immune System Function
Deficiency
Disease Prevention
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Cataracts
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Toxicity
Adverse Effects
Safety in Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Interactions with Foods
Interactions Among Carotenoids
Summary
9 Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllin
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Complex Formation with Other Molecules
Antioxidant Effects
Modification of the Metabolism and Detoxification of Carcinogens
Therapeutic Effects
Disease Prevention
Aflatoxin-Associated Liver Cancer
Disease Treatment
Internal Deodorant
Wound Healing
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Summary
10 Curcumin
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Antioxidant Activity
Anti-inflammatory Activity
Glutathione Synthesis
Effects on Biotransformation Enzymes Involved in Carcinogen Metabolism
Induction of Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Inhibition of Tumor Invasion and Angiogenesis
Disease Prevention
Cancer
Disease Treatment
Cancer
Inflammatory Diseases
Cystic Fibrosis
Alzheimer Disease
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Summary
11 Flavonoids
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Absorption and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Direct Antioxidant Activity
Metal Chelation
Effects on Cell-Signaling Pathways
Biological Activities Related to Cancer Prevention
Biological Activities Related to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Neurodegenerative Disease
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Summary
12 Soy Isoflavones
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities
Estrogen-Receptor-Independent Activities
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Hormone-Associated Cancers
Osteoporosis
Cognitive Decline
Disease Treatment
Menopausal Symptoms
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Infant Formulas
Safety
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
Summary
13 Isothiocyanates
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Effects on Biotransformation Enzymes Involved in Carcinogen Metabolism
Preservation of Normal Cell-Cycle Regulation
Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation
Anti-inflammatory Activity
Antibacterial Activity
Disease Prevention
Cancer
Genetic Variation in Isothiocyanate Metabolism and Cancer Risk
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Summary
14 Indole-3-Carbinol
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Effects on Biotransformation Enzymes Involved in Carcinogen Metabolism
Alterations in Estrogen Activity and Metabolism
Induction of Cell-Cycle Arrest
Induction of Apoptosis
Inhibition of Tumor Invasion and Angiogenesis
Disease Prevention
Cancer
Disease Treatment
Diseases Related to Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Summary
15 Lignans
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities
Estrogen-Receptor-Independent Activities
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Hormone-Associated Cancers
Osteoporosis
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Summary
16 Fiber
Definitions of Fiber
US Institute of Medicine Classification System
Other Classification Systems
Biological Activities
Lowering Serum Cholesterol
Decreasing Postprandial Glycemia
Softening Stool
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cancer
Diverticular Disease
Weight Control
All-Cause Mortality
Disease Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Sources
Food Sources
Isolated Fibers and Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Intake Recommendations
Adequate Intake
Summary
17 Organosulfur Compounds from Garlic
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Allicin-Derived Compounds
γ-Glutamylcysteines and S-Allylcysteine
Biological Activities
Related to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Biological Activities Related to Cancer
Antimicrobial Activity
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Summary
18 Phytosterols
Definitions
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Absorption and Metabolism of Dietary Cholesterol
Absorption and Metabolism of Dietary Phytosterols
Biological Activities
Effects on Cholesterol Absorption and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Other Biological Activities
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Disease Treatment
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Sources
Food Sources
Foods Enriched with Plant Sterols and Plant Stanols
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Sitosterolemia (Phytosterolemia)
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Summary
19 Resveratrol
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Direct Antioxidant Activity
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities
Biological Activities Related to Cancer Prevention
Biological Activities Related to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Longevity
Sources
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Estrogen-Sensitive Cancers
Drug Interactions
Summary
20 Essential Fatty Acids (Omega-3 and Omega-6)
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Biological Activities
Membrane Structure and Function
Vision
Nervous System
Eicosanoid Synthesis
Regulation of Gene Expression
Deficiency
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency
Disease Prevention
Visual and Neurological Development
Pregnancy and Lactation
Cardiovascular Disease
Alzheimer Disease and Dementia
Disease Treatment
Coronary Heart Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Inflammatory Diseases
Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Alzheimer Disease and Dementia
Sources
Food Sources
Biosynthesis
Supplements
Infant Formula
Safety
Adverse Effects
Infant Formula
Pregnancy and Lactation
Contaminants in Fish
Contaminants in Supplements
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Intake Recommendations
US Institute of Medicine
International Recommendations
American Heart Association
Summary
21 Choline
Function
Structural Integrity of Cell Membranes
Cell Signaling
Nerve Impulse Transmission
Lipid Transport and Metabolism
Major Source of Methyl Groups
Deficiency
Symptoms
Nutrient Interactions
Adequate Intake
Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cancer
Pregnancy Complications
Disease Treatment
Alzheimer Disease
Sources
Biosynthesis
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Toxicity
Drug Interactions
Summary
22 Coenzyme Q10
Function
Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis
Lysosomal Function
Antioxidant Functions
Nutrient Interactions
Deficiency
Disease Prevention
Aging
Cardiovascular Disease
Disease Treatment
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
Cardiovascular Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Cancer
Performance
Athletic Performance
Sources
Biosynthesis
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Toxicity
Drug Interactions
Summary
23 L-Carnitine
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Endogenous Biosynthesis
Absorption of Exogenous L-Carnitine
Elimination and Reabsorption
Biological Activities
Mitochondrial Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids
Regulation of Energy Metabolism through Modulation of Acyl CoA: CoA Ratio
Deficiency
Primary Systemic Carnitine Deficiency
Myopathic Carnitine Deficiency
Secondary Carnitine Deficiency or Depletion
Nutrient Interactions
Disease Prevention
Aging
Disease Treatment
Cardiovascular Disease
End-Stage Renal Disease/Hemodialysis
Alzheimer Disease (Dementia)
HIV/AIDS
Decreased Sperm Motility
Performance
Physical Performance
Sources
Biosynthesis
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
Summary
24 Lipoic Acid
Bioavailability and Metabolism
Endogenous Biosynthesis
Dietary and Supplemental α-Lipoic Acid
Biological Activities
Protein-Bound α-Lipoic Acid
Free α-Lipoic Acid
Deficiency
Disease Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus
Multiple Sclerosis
Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Sources
Endogenous Biosynthesis
Food Sources
Supplements
Safety
Adverse Effects
Pregnancy and Lactation
Drug Interactions
Nutrient Interactions
Summary
Appendix 1 Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load
Glycemic Index
Measuring the Glycemic Index of Foods
Physiological Responses to High-Glycemic-Index Values
Glycemic Load
Disease Prevention
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular Disease
Obesity
Cancer
Gallbladder Disease
Disease Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus
Lowering Dietary Glycemic Load
Appendix 2 Quick Reference to Diseases
Appendix 3 Drug Interactions
Appendix 4 Nutrient Interactions
Appendix 5 Quick Reference to Foods Rich in Phytochemicals or Other Dietary Factors
Appendix 6 Glossary
Index
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