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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword by Emerson B. Powery
Preface
Introduction: African American Pauline Hermeneutics
What Is African American Pauline Hermeneutics?
The Significance of Pauline African American Interpreters in Reception History
Previous Scholarship
Methodology
1. Early Eighteenth Century to Early Nineteenth Century
Early Petitions for Freedom and Liberty That Cite Paul
Jupiter Hammon (1711–[1790–1806?]): The First Published African American Poet
“A Winter Piece”
“An Evening’s Improvement”
“An Address to the Negroes in the State of New York”
Lemuel Haynes (1753–1833): The First Ordained Black American
Lemuel Haynes’s Use of Paul to Critique the Ham Myth
Haynes’s Reading of 1 Corinthians 7:21
Haynes Challenges the Idea of the Divine Providence of Slavery
John Jea (1773–1817[?]): The African Preacher and Miracle of Literacy
Jarena Lee (1783–1850[?]): One of the First Black Women Preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Jarena Lee’s Conversion and Sanctification in Pauline Language
Lee’s Call to Preach in Pauline Terms
Lee as Paul: The Colored Woman Preacher Sent to Jerusalem and “Operations of the Spirit”
Zilpha Elaw (1790[?]–?): Renowned Early Black Woman Preacher
The Pauline Contours of Zilpha Elaw’s Autobiography
Elaw’s Conversion
Elaw’s Camp-Meeting Experience
Elaw’s Call to Preach and Opposition to Her Preaching
Miracles in Elaw’s Ministry and Her Interpretation of Paul’s Injunction on Women
Elaw and Spiritual Warfare
Elaw’s Travail for Transformation
Elaw as Paul and Her Pauline Resistance to Racism
David Walker (1785/1796–1830): Famous Abolitionist
Horrors of Slavery and the God of This Age
The Religion of Jesus, Pretenders of Christianity, and Pauline Judgment Language
Judgment Revisited and Pauline “Body” Language: Salvation of the Black Body
Walker’s Farewell Discourse
Using Paul to Resist, Protest, and Be Subversive
2. Mid-Nineteenth Century to Late Nineteenth Century
The Fugitive Slave Act and the Letter to Philemon
Maria Stewart (1803–1879): First Female Public Lecturer on Political Themes
“Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality”
Religion of Jesus in Pauline Terms
Stewart’s Focus on Black Unity and Black Agency
Stewart’s Judgment Language
Stewart’s Farewell Address
“Power of Speaking” and “Why Cannot a Religious Spirit Animate Us Now?”
Military Language Revisited: A Woman Warrior’s Labor
James Pennington (1807–1870): The Fugitive Blacksmith
The Great Moral Dilemma
Gospel as Antisin and Antislavery
Letter to the Slaveholder
Daniel Payne (1811–1893): America’s First African American College President
Words from the Spirit World
Election to Bishop and College President
Welcome to the Ransomed
Julia Foote (1823–1900): Ordained Female Deacon
Foote’s Conversion, Sanctification, and Call to Preach
Excommunication and a Pauline Response
A Word to My Christian Sisters
Harriet Jacobs (1813–1897): First Enslaved African American Woman to Write an Autobiography
Jacobs and the Cult of True Womanhood
“One Great Wrong”
Jacobs’s Pauline Critique of Sexual Violence
Using Paul to Challenge the Status Quo
3. Late Nineteenth Century to Mid-Twentieth Century
Reverdy Ransom (1861–1959): “Inspirer of Men and Movements”
“The Race Problem in a Christian State”
“The Negro, the Hope or the Despair of Christianity”
William J. Seymour (1870–1922): Bringer of Hope
William Seymour’s Employment of Paul’s Spirit Language
Paul’s Spirit Language and Racism
Charles Harrison Mason (1864–1961): Founder of Largest Pentecostal Denomination in the United States
Pauline Origin of a Denomination
Baptism of the Spirit
Paul and Racism
Paul and War
Ida B. Robinson (1891–1946): Denominational Founder
Howard Thurman (1899–1981): Twentieth-Century Pastor, Activist, Mystic, and Theologian
Albert Cleage Jr. (1911–2000): Advocate and Activist for the Black Nation
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968): Theologian of Resistance
“Paul’s Letter to American Christians”
“Letter from Birmingham City Jail”
“Transformed Nonconformist”
“Shattered Dreams”
Pauline Hermeneutics in Twentieth-Century Black Discourse
4. Pauline Language in Enslaved Conversion Experiences and Call Narratives
Conversion
Story of Morte
Story of Charlie
I Saw Jesus
Traveling to the Third Heaven
Meeting God in the Blackberry Patch
Pauline Language Permeates the Conversion Narratives of the Enslaved
5. African American Pauline Hermeneutics and the Art of Biblical Interpretation
Paul as a Figure of Liberation and Equality, and of Shared Experience
Paul and the Hermeneutic of Trust
Cosmological Paul and “Canonical” Paul
Paul and the Spirit
Body Language: A Pauline Body Hermeneutic
(The) Text Matters: “Findin’ Out Different”
Where Do We Go from Here?
Afterword by Beverly Roberts Gaventa
Bibliography
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