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Index
Cover Page
Cultural Anthropology
Case Study
Culture Change
Controversies
In Their Own Voices
Anthropology Applied
Preface
Chapter 1 What is Anthropology?
Preview
The Study of Humanity
The Concept of Culture
A Holistic Perspective
A Comparative Perspective
The Comparative Perspective and Culture Change
The Comparative Perspective and Globalization
The Four Subfields of Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Critical Thinking Questions
Linguistic Anthropology
Critical Thinking Question
Archaeology
Biological Anthropology
Case Study Environment, Adaptation, and Disease: Malaria and Sickle-Cell Anemia in Africa and the United States
Applied Anthropology
Critical Thinking Question
Chapter Summary
The Study of Humanity
The Four Subfields of Anthropology
Applied Anthropology
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 2 The Nature of Culture
Preview
What is Culture?
Characteristics of Culture
Culture Is Shared
Culture Is Learned
Case Study Daughter from Danang
Culture Is Adaptive
Case Study Maladaptive Adaptations: Kuru and Mad Cow
Culture Is Integrated
Case Study Consequences of Cultural Integration: Women and Work in the United States
Culture Is Based on Symbols
Culture Organizes the Way People Think about the World
Culture Change
Critical Thinking Question
Internal Culture Change
External Culture Change
Global Culture
Critical Thinking Question
Chapter Summary
What Is Culture?
Characteristics of Culture
Culture Change
Global Culture
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 3 Studying Culture
Preview
Anthropology and the Explanation of Cultural Diversity
Evolutionism
Empiricism
Functionalism
Modern Theoretical Perspectives: An Overview
Materialist Perspectives
Structuralist Perspectives
Interpretive Anthropology
Conflict Perspectives and the Analysis of Culture and Power
Reflexive Anthropology
Ethnography and Fieldwork
Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Culture Change Documenting Changes in the Lives of Australian Aborigines
Ethnohistorical Research
Ethnographic Fieldwork
Doing Fieldwork
Choosing a Problem and Site
Doing Preliminary Research
Arrival and Culture Shock
Choosing a Place to Live
Working in an Unfamiliar Language
Gathering Data
Interpreting and Reporting Data
Anthropological Research in Urban Societies
Critical Thinking Questions
Case Study Life in Riverfront: A Midwestern Town Seen through Japanese Eyes
Critical Thinking Questions
The Anthropology of Anthropology
Ethical Issues in Anthropology
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Anthropology and the Explanation of Cultural Diversity
Ethnography and Fieldwork
The Anthropology of Anthropology
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 4 Language and Culture
Preview
What is Language?
The Components of Language
Phonology: The System of Sounds
Morphology: The Structure of Words
Syntax: The Structure of Sentences
Semantics: The Study of Meaning
Nonverbal Communication
Linguistic Anthropology
Linguistic Relativity
Language, Worldview, and Revitalization Efforts
The Study of Language Speakers
Language and Dialects
Language and Gender, Class, and Race
African American English
Case Study Ebonics: Language and Politics
Ethnosemantics
Componential Analysis
Cultural Presuppositions
Ethnography of Communication
Processes of Language Change
Creoles, Pidgins, and Lingua Francas
Historical Linguistics
Loanwords
Language and Globalization
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
What Is Language
The Components of Language
Nonverbal Communication
Linguistic Anthropology
Ethnosemantics
Processes of Language Change
Language and Globalization
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 5 Learning One’s Culture
Preview
The Process of Enculturation
Becoming a Human Being
Naming
Child Rearing
Feeding and Weaning
Sleeping
Physical and Social Stimulation
Case Study Sleeping Arrangements in Two Cultures
Informal and Formal Learning
Learning Skills and Values
Learning Behavioral Expectations
Case Study Language and Social Interaction in Japan
Age and Gender Socialization
Age
Gender
Gender Identification
Rites of Passage
Schooling
Case Study The Education of Aztec Children
Critical Thinking Question
Psychological Anthropology
Culture and Personality Traits
Cooperation and Competition
Public Self and Private Self
Culture and Self-Concept
Culture and Cognition
Critical Thinking Questions
Deviance and Abnormal Behavior in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Responses to “Mental Illness”
Culture-Specific Psychological Disorders
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
The Process of Enculturation
Formal and Informal Learning
Psychological Anthropology
Deviance and Abnormal Behavior in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 6 Making a Living
Preview
Economic Anthropology
Understanding Human Subsistence Patterns
Foraging versus Food Production
Ecosystem, Adaptation, and Carrying Capacity
Subsistence and Settlement Pattern
Subsistence and Population
Subsistence, Work, and Division of Labor
Subsistence and Social Relations
Foraging
Ecological Factors
Optimal Foraging
Population Factors
Social and Cultural Factors
Case Study A Foraging Society: The Dobe Ju/’hoansi
Critical Thinking Question
Land, Labor, and Production in Foraging Societies
Pastoralism
Combined Subsistence Strategies
Land and Labor in Pastoralist Societies
Nomadic Pastoralism
Case Study A Pastoral Society: The Basseri, Nomadic Pastoralists of Iran
Horticulture
Impacts of Sedentism and Surpluses
Slash-and-Burn Horticulture
Gender Allocation of Work
Case Study A Farming Society: The Kaluli of Papua New Guinea
Agriculture
Intensive Agriculture and Crop Variety
Subsistence and Culture Change
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter 7 Economic Systems
Preview
Analyzing Economic Systems
Allocating Land and Resources
Producing Goods
Organizing Labor
Labor and Specialization
Case Study Child Laborers Today
Labor and Social Status
Distributing and Exchanging Products and Services
Types of Reciprocity
Case Study The Potlatch: An Example of Economic and Social Reciprocity
Critical Thinking Questions
Redistributive Networks
Markets and Trade
Market Economies and Capitalism
Impacts of Colonial Expansion, Industrialism, and Globalization
Colonialism and the Exploitation of Labor
Industrial Economies
Industrial Agriculture
Social Consequences of Capitalism and Industrialism
Comparing Subsistence Strategies
Critical Thinking Question
Chapter Summary
Analyzing Economic Systems
Market Economies and Capitalism
Impacts of Colonial Expansion, Industrialism, and Globalization
Comparing Subsistence Strategies
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 8 Kinship and Descent
Preview
Kinship Systems
Bilateral Descent
Unilineal Descent
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Systems
Prevalence of Matrilineal and Patrilineal Descent
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Societies Compared
Influence and Inheritance in Unilineal Descent Groups
Critical Thinking Question
Other Forms of Unilineal Descent
Unilineal Descent Groups
Lineages
Exogamy and Endogamy
Clans
Case Study A Patrilineal Society: The Ganda of Uganda
Phratries and Moieties
Case Study Two Matrilineal Societies: The Mohawks and the Trobriand Islanders
The Mohawks
The Trobriand Islanders
Patterns of Relationships
Patterns of Change
Culture Change Cheyenne Descent
Kinship Terminology Systems
The Eskimo and Hawaiian Systems
The Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese Systems
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Kinship Systems
Bilateral Descent
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Descent
Unilineal Descent Groups
Patterns of Relationships
Patterns of Change
Kinship Terminology Systems
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 9 Marriage and the Family
Preview
Defining Marriage and Family
Families and Ideal Types
Nuclear Families
Extended and Joint Families
Endogamy, Exogamy, and the Incest Taboo
Effects of Exogamy on Social Organization
Critical Thinking Question
Effects of Endogamy on Social Organization
Forms of Marriage
Polygyny and Polyandry
Explanations of Polygyny
Specialized Adaptive Forms of Marriage
Same-Sex Marriage
Marriage as Alliance and Economic Exchange
Bridewealth and Brideservice
Groom-Service and Groom-Wealth
Dowry
Case Study A Wedding in Nepal
Marriage as a Rite of Passage
Critical Thinking Questions
Patterns of Residence after Marriage
Matrilocal and Patrilocal Residence
Avunculocal Residence
Bilocal and Neolocal Residence
Correlates of Residence Patterns
Case Study Residence in Rural North India and Western Borneo
Rural North India
Western Borneo
Widowhood and Divorce
The Levirate and Sororate
Divorce
Case Study Marriage and Divorce among the Kpelle of Liberia
Critical Thinking Question
Chapter Summary
Defining Marriage and Family
Families and Ideal Types
Endogamy, Exogamy, and the Incest Taboo
Forms of Marriage
Marriage as Alliance and Economic Exchange
Marriage as a Rite of Passage
Patterns of Residence after Marriage
Widowhood and Divorce
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 10 Gender
Preview
Sex and Gender
Evolutionary Perspectives
The Cultural Construction of Gender Identity
Gender and Sexuality
Gender and Homosexuality
Case Study Two-Spirits: A Third Gender
Gender Roles and Relations
Division of Labor by Gender
Gender and Status
Critical Thinking Questions
Gender and Subsistence
Foragers and Gender
Gender in Pastoral Societies
Gender in Horticultural Societies
Gender in Agricultural States
Industrialism, Postindustrialism, and Gender
Case Study Male Dominance in Traditional Chinese Culture
Globalization and Gender
Women’s Roles in Urban and Rural Economic Development
Critical Thinking Questions
Women in Changing Socialist States
Gender and Political Representation
Impacts of Ideology on Gender Constructs
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Sex and Gender
Gender Roles and Gender Relations
Gender and Subsistence
Globalization and Gender
Impacts of Ideology on Gender Constructs
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 11 Equality and Inequality
Preview
Equality, Inequality, and Social Stratification
Egalitarian Societies
Ranked Societies
Stratified Societies
Case Study The Samoans: A Ranked Society
Explaining Social Stratification
Caste and Class
Determinants of Class
Social Class and Language
Slavery
Race and Ethnicity
Race as Caste
Race in the United States
Case Study Out-Groups of Japan
White Privilege
Critical Thinking Questions
Race in Brazil
Ethnic Identity
Case Study Ethnic Identity in the United States
Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Ideology in American Society
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Equality, Inequality, and Social Stratification
Caste and Class
Race and Ethnicity
Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Ideology in American Society
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 12 Political Systems
Preview
Political Anthropology
Types of Political Organization
Bands
Case Study A Band Society: The Tiwi of Northern Australia
Tribes
Confederacies
Case Study Age-Linked Associations in Tribal Societies: The Hidatsa and the Maasai
Chiefdoms
Critical Thinking Question
Characteristics of State Societies
Critical Thinking Questions
Case Study The Inca of Peru and Ecuador
Political Change and State Societies
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Political Anthropology
Types of Political Organization
Characteristics of State Societies
Internal Political Change and State Societies
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 13 Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Preview
Evolutionary Perspectives on Conflict
Avoiding Conflict
Politeness
Channeled Aggression
Case Study Conflict Avoidance Strategies in Japan
Case Study Conflict Resolution among the Semai of Malaysia
Role of Reciprocity in Conflict Avoidance
Witchcraft and Ritual in Conflict Resolution
Patterns of Family and Community Conflict
Family Violence
Conflicts in Bands and Tribes
Blood Vengeance and the Feud
Patterns of Conflict Between Groups
Warfare
Impacts of Globalization on Warfare
Case Study Pomoan (California) and Sambian (Papua New Guinea) Warfare
Warfare in State Societies
Critical Thinking Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Evolutionary Perspectives on Conflict
Avoiding Conflict
Witchcraft and Ritual in Conflict Resolution
Patterns of Family and Community Conflict
Patterns of Conflict between Groups
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 14 Religion
Preview
What is Religion?
The Origins and Functions of Religion
Explaining the World
Solace, Healing, and Emotional Release
Social Cohesion
Social Control
Economic Adaptation
Case Study Pigs for the Ancestors
Spirit Beings and Forces
Animism and Animatism
Gods and Heroes
Ancestors, Ghosts, and Demons
Mana, Totems, and Taboos
Religious Practitioners
Mediums, Diviners, and Healers
Shamans and Priests
Religious Practice
Sacred and Secular Rituals
Prayer and Sacrifice
Case Study Making Contact with the Spirit World
Rites of Passage
Puberty Rites
Funerary Rites
Case Study Puberty Rites among the Apache and the Suku
Healing or Curing
Critical Thinking Question
Magic and Witchcraft
Religion and Culture Change
Revitalization Movements
Cargo Cults
Role of Founders in Buddhist, Judeo-Christian, and Islamic Traditions
Religion and Globalization
Chapter Summary
What Is Religion?
The Origins and Functions of Religion
Spirit Beings and Forces
Critical Thinking Questions
Religious Practitioners and Specialists
Religious Practice
Religion and Culture Change
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 15 The Arts
Preview
What is Art?
Cultural Aesthetics
Case Study Yoruba Art
Body Art
Origins and Functions of art Objects
Critical Thinking Question
Critical Thinking Questions
The Arts of Sound and Movement
Oral Literature and Written Texts
Art and Globalization
Art and Identity
Art in the Global Economy
Art and Tourism
Case Study Tourists among the Toraja
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
What Is Art?
Cultural Aesthetics
Body Art
Origins and Functions of Art Objects
The Arts of Sound and Movement
Oral Literature and Written Texts
Art and Globalization
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 16 Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
Preview
European Colonialism
Colonialism Defined
A World System
Types of Colonies
The European Slave Trade
Slavery in Africa
Slavery in the Americas
Trade and Settlement in North America
The Fur Trade
Westward Expansion and Depopulation
Spanish Colonization in the Americas
Case Study Lakota Trade and the Consequences of Change in Economic Production
Spanish Landholding in the Colonies
Mining Quotas
Intermarriage
The Mission System
Agents of Directed Culture Change
Missionaries
Schoolteachers
Government Officials
A Cash Economy
Justifications for Colonial Rule
White Man’s Burden
A Sacred Trust
The Reservation System
Case Study Indigenous Colonized Societies of Australia and Tasmania
Reactions of Indigenous Peoples to European Colonizers
Trade Goods and Gods
Guns and Other Technological Wonders
Native Resistance and Retaliation
Critical Thinking Questions
Globalization in the Postcolonial Era
Critical Thinking Question
Chapter Summary
European Colonialism
The Slave Trade
Trade and Settlement in North America
Spanish Colonies in the Americas
Agents of Directed Culture Change
Justifications for Colonial Rule
Indigenous Reactions to European Colonizers
Globalization in the Postcolonial Era
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Chapter 17 Living in a Global World
Preview
Migration
Rural-to-Urban Migration
Case Study Labor Migration in Mexico
Transnational Migration
Ethnogenesis and Ethnic Identities
Case Study Ethnic Identity in Sudan
Transnationalism
Nationalism and Pluralism
Genocide? The Case of Rwanda
Reactions against Pluralism
Globalization and Cultural Identities
A Global Identity?
Cultural Minorities in a Global World
United States and Canada
Critical Thinking Questions
Mexico and Indigenismo
Brazil and the “Indian Problem”
Operation Amazonia
Yanomami at Risk
Indians of the Brazilian Savanna
Brazil’s “Urban Indians.”
“Uncontacted Tribes” in the Amazon
Costs of Economic Development in Ecuador and Bolivia
Developments in Africa
Sudan and the Dinka
Sudan and Darfur
Kenya and Tanzania: The Maasai and the Barabaig
Critical Thinking Questions
Nigeria and the Ogoni
Legal Rights and International Recognition
Case Study Papua New Guinea’s Customary Law
Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
Conservation, Ecotourism, and Indigenous Lands
Critical Thinking Questions
Chapter Summary
Migration
Ethnogenesis and Ethnic Identity
Cultural Minorities in a Global World
Legal Rights and International Recognition
Ecotourism and Indigenous Lands
Review Questions
MyAnthroLab Connections
Resources from this chapter
Glossary
References
Index
Instructor’s Support
Book-Specific Ancillaries
ClassPrep
MyAnthroLab Instructor’s Manual
Custom Text
MyAnthroLab Instructor Resources
Multimedia Resources
MyAnthroLab Assignments
Study Plan
Sample Syllabus
MyAnthroLab Connections
Course Syllabus Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
Required Textbook
Course Description
Course Content
Student Learning Objectives
Grade Computation
Course Assignments
Chapter One What is Anthropology?
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Two The Nature of Culture
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Three Studying Culture
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Four Language and Culture
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Five Learning One’s Culture
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Six Making a Living
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapters Seven Eight and Economic Systems
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Kinship and Descent
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Nine Marriage and Family
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Ten Gender
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Eleven Equality and Inequality
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Twelve Political Systems
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Thirteen Conflict Resolution
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Fourteen Religion
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Fifteen The Arts
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Sixteen Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
Section Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
Chapter Seventeen Living in a Global World
Chapter Resources
In-Class Discussion Questions
Multimedia Assignments
MyAnthroLibrary Contents
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