Digital Classical Philology by Berti, Monica -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Contents Editor’s Preface Preface Introduction

Open data of Greek and Latin sources Cataloging and citing Greek and Latin authors and works Data Entry, collection, and analysis for classical philology Critical editing and annotating Greek and Latin sources Linguistic annotation and lexical databases for Greek and Latin Bibliography

Open Data of Greek and Latin Sources

The Free First Thousand Years of Greek

Ideals and early history of the project First steps, then a suspension Resumption of the FF1KG Summer interns at CHS and the FF1KG workflow Funding sources and in-kind contributions to the FF1KG and the OGL New developments from an Open Access corpus of texts Bibliography

The Digital Latin Library: Cataloging and Publishing Critical Editions of Latin Texts

Introduction The DLL Catalog

Authority records Contents

The Library of Digital Latin Texts

Policies and procedures Digital publication Encoding guidelines Automated encoding LDLT viewer Data visualization

Conclusion Bibliography

Sustaining Linked Ancient World Data

Introduction Linked Ancient World Data sites Models for sustainability Linked Data and complexity Conclusion Bibliography

Cataloging and Citing Greek and Latin Authors and Works

The Perseus Catalog: of FRBR, Finding Aids, Linked Data, and Open Greek and Latin

1 Introduction 2 Overview of key standards for the Perseus Catalog 3 Related work 4 History of the Perseus Catalog and its development 5 Conclusion Bibliography

The CITE Architecture: a Conceptual and Practical Overview

Introduction Working with texts: OHCO2, CTS URNs

CTS URNs by example Analytical exemplars The contents of CTS texts Canonical citation vs. traditional citation

Working with objects: CITE Collections and CITE2 URNs Compositions of scholarly primitives I: CITE relations Compositions of scholarly primitives II: CITE extensions

Extensions I: categorizing collections Extensions II: connecting to the physical world Extensions III: extension-specific predicates to URNs Extensions IV: defined compositions Extensions V: different expressions of textual data

The CITE Exchange Format (CEX): plain text serialization of diverse scholarly data Code libraries

Tier 1 Libraries: identification and retrieval Tier 2 Libraries: composition Services and applications

Final thoughts Bibliography

The Canonical Text Services in Classics and Beyond

1 Introduction 2 The relevance of CTS in computer science

2.1 Normalized text access across data sources 2.2 Separate structural meta information 2.3 Granularity 2.4 Text streaming

3 Index implementation

3.1 Prefix search based hierarchy retrieval 3.2 Proposed index implementation

4 Unique features

4.1 Additional request functions 4.2 Configuration parameter 4.3 Text passage post processing 4.4 Licensing 4.5 CTS cloning

5 Conclusions Bibliography

Data Entry, Collection, and Analysis for Classical Philology

Optical Character Recognition for Classical Philology

Introduction Scholarly OCR Initial steps in OCR Recognizing characters Choosing ground truth The effect of data ambiguity Unicode normalization Improving training images Post-processing The future Bibliography

Character Encoding of Classical Languages

Introduction Preliminaries and history

Unicode history

Other non-Unicode approaches

Custom fonts BetaCode

Unicode fundamentals

Character repertoires and code spaces Characters versus glyphs The structure of the Unicode codespace Diacritics and modifying marks Unicode character database General character categories Encoding forms

Equivalence, compatibility, and normalization

Canonical equivalence Compatibility equivalence Normalization

Common pitfalls in character encoding

Unknown encoding and mojibake Missing characters in a font (fall back) Stray look-alikes from another script

Greek in Unicode Other issues with Unicode Greek

Precomposed vs decomposed characters Combining accents and vowel length Tonos vs oxia Which phi and which theta? Apostrophe marking elision

Keyboard input Processing Unicode

Stripping diacritics Sorting and collation Regular expressions

The future of Unicode References

Building a Text Analysis Pipeline for Classical Languages

1 Introduction 2 Text analysis pipelines 3 Text analysis frameworks 4 “Pipelines” for classical languages

4.1 Coverage of classical languages in text analysis frameworks 4.2 Available “components” for classical languages

5 Introducing the Classical Language Toolkit

5.1 Access to the Classical Language Toolkit

6 Conclusion Bibliography

Intertextuality as Viral Phrases: Roses and Lilies

Introduction The successful genotype: Aeneid 12.67–69 DNA fragments: Ennius and Propertius The first (non-) variation: Propertius Minor to major mutations I: Ovid Jumping species: Seneca’s Epistles Minor and major variations II: Statius’s Silvae Crossing the language barrier?Heliodorus’s Aethiopica Missing genomes: Claudian’s De raptu Proserpinae Blending species: Prudentius’s Psychomachy An isolated atavistic strain: Anonymous Autochthonous blooms among theChurch Fathers Medieval mutation: Carmina Burana Renaissance rebirth: Vida’s Christiad Metaphysical metamorphosis: Marvell“The Nymph Complaining for the Deathof Her Fawn” Conclusions: poetics Conclusions: methods Bibliography

Critical Editing and Annotating Greek and Latin Sources

Digital Classical Philology and the Critical Apparatus

Introduction “Oh, you read Aristophanes without a critical apparatus.” – What is textual scholarship, really? Lachmann, lost in the digital world What to put in the critical apparatus? The reconciliation of Bédier’s schism Apparatus amplificatus The primacy of the data model More innovative aspects Concluding remarks Epilogue: the swords of textual criticism Bibliography

eComparatio – a Software Tool for Automatic Text Comparison

1 Some preliminary remarks 2 An example from practice 3 An (hopefully) exoteric description of eComparatio’s comparison algorithm

3.1 The “expansion” of equality 3.2 The comparison process 3.3 The “maximisation” of results

4 The application of eComparatio compared with some similar software tools

4.1 Juxta 4.2 CollateX

5 Conclusion Bibliography Appendix

The Homer Multitext within the History of Access to Homeric Epic

Introduction Athens in the late 5th century bce Alexandria in the 2nd century bce Rome in the 1st century ce Venice in the 15th century ce, by way of 10th century Byzantium Access in the 21st century – location unrestricted Bibliography

Historical Fragmentary Texts in the Digital Age

Introduction Classical scholarship and fragmentary texts Fragmentary texts and the digital revolution The Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (DFHG) The Digital Athenaeus: annotation of text reuse entities Conclusion Bibliography

Linguistic Annotation and Lexical Databases for Greek and Latin

The Dependency Treebanks for Ancient Greek and Latin

1 An introduction to the dependency treebank formalism 2 The Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank 3 The Index Thomisticus Treebank 4 The PROIEL Treebank 5 The SEMATIA Treebank 6 Conclusion Acknowledgements Abbreviations Bibliography

The Project of the Index Thomisticus Treebank

1 Introduction 2 The Index Thomisticus Treebank

2.1 Theoretical background 2.2 Analytical layer 2.3 Tectogrammatical layer 2.4 The Index Thomisticus Treebank in Universal Dependencies

3 Subcategorization and valency lexica

3.1 IT-VaLex 3.2 Latin Vallex

4 Natural Language Processing tools

4.1 Morphological analysis; Lemlat and word formation Latin 4.2 Dependency parsing

5 Conclusion and future work Bibliography

Semantic Analysis and Thematic Annotation

1 Introduction 2 Semantic analysis

2.1 Distributional semantics 2.2 WordNets

3 Thematic annotation

3.1 Topic modeling 3.2 Top-down approach 3.3 Bottom-up approach

4 Conclusion Bibliography

Notes on Contributors Index

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