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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part 1 Introduction to Moral Philosophy
Chapter 1 Moral Theory
Moral Philosophy
What Is the Purpose of Moral Theories?
The Types of Moral Theories
Relativism in Ethics
Moving Beyond Ethical Relativism
Morality and Religion
Universal Moral Theories
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism
Deontology: The Ethics of Duty
Rights-Based Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Conclusion
Aristotle, from Ethics
Ayn Rand, from The Fountainhead
Jeremy Bentham, from An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
John Stuart Mill, from Utilitarianism
Immanuel Kant, from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Ethics
Immanuel Kant Translated by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, from 1785 Fundamental Principles Of The Metaphysic Of Morals
John Locke, from Two Treatises of Civil Government
Confucius, from The Analects
Chapter 2 Abortion
Background
The History of Abortion in the United States
The U.S. Supreme Court Roe v. Wade Decision
Abortion and Religion
Methods of Abortion
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
U.S. Supreme Court, Roe v. Wade
Mary Anne Warren, “The Moral Significance of Birth”
Don Marquis, “Why Abortion Is Immoral”
Serrin M. Foster, “Refuse to Choose: Women Deserve Better Than Abortion”
Linda Lowen, “20 Arguments from Both Sides of the Abortion Debate”
James Q. Wilson, “On Abortion”
Case Studies
Part II Analyzing Moral Issues
Chapter 3 Euthanasia
What Is Euthanasia?
The Philosophers on Euthanasia
The Contemporary Debate over Euthanasia
Euthanasia Legislation
Physician-Assisted Suicide
The Hospice Movement
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
Margaret Pabst Battin, “The Case for Euthanasia”
Oregon Health Division, “A Year of Dignified Death”
Brad Wenstrup, “Resolution Before the United States House of Representatives Opposing Assisted Suicide (H. CON. RES. 80)”
John B. Kelly, “Why Assisted Suicide Laws Are More Dangerous Than People Acknowledge”
Ryan T. Anderson, “Commentary on Physician-Assisted Suicide”
Aaron Rothstein, “All Death Is Death Without Dignity”
Case Studies
Chapter 4 The Death Penalty
History of the Death Penalty
The Death Penalty Today
The Death Penalty: Juvenile and Mentally Retarded Offenders
The Medicalization of Executions
DNA Testing
The Philosophers on the Death Penalty
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
U.S. Supreme Court, Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Hugo Adam Bedau, “Capital Punishment”
Helen Prejean, “Would Jesus Pull the Switch?”
David B. Muhlhausen, “How the Death Penalty Saves Lives”
Matthew Schmitz, “The Death Penalty Is Just and Merciful”
Case Studies
Chapter 5 Drug and Alcohol Use
What Is a Drug?
The History of Drug and Alcohol Use
Legal and Illegal Drugs
Drug and Alcohol Use Today
Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Students
Drugs in Sports
The Disease Model of Addiction
The Moral Model of Addiction
The Philosophers on Drug and Alcohol Abuse
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
Thomas Szasz, “The Ethics of Addiction”
James Q. Wilson, “Against the Legalization of Drugs”
Lynn Scarlett, “On the Legalization of Drugs”
Jeff Berg, “The Logic of Drug Legalization”
Donald J. Trump, “Speech on the Opioid Crisis”
Case Studies
Chapter 6 Feminism, Motherhood, and the Workplace
Feminism
The Philosophers on Women
Motherhood
Women in the Workplace
Sexual Harassment
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
Ruth Groenhout, “Essentialist Challenges to Liberal Feminism”
Linda Hirshman, “Homeward Bound”
Kelly Oliver, “Fifty Shades of Consent: Rape Culture Versus Feminism”
Anita Hill, “Opening Statement: Sexual Harassment Hearing Concerning Judge Clarence Thomas”
Jonathan Andersen, “The Feminine Antidote: Reflections on Masculinity, Patriarchy, and Feminism”
Case Studies
Chapter 7 Freedom of Speech
What Is “Freedom of Speech”?
Limitations on Freedom of Speech
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace
Pornography
Hate Speech as Protected Speech
Speech Codes and Free Speech Zones on College Campuses
The Philosophers on Freedom of Speech
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty
Charles R. Lawrence III, “If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus”
Stanley Fish, “There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It’s a Good Thing, Too”
Alan M. Dershowitz, “Political Correctness, Speech Codes, and Diversity”
Jonathan Marks, “Embarrassing Persistence of Campus Speech”
Traci Yoder, “Free Speech on Campus: A Critical Analysis”
Case Studies
Chapter 8 Racism, Economic Inequality, and Global Justice
Defining the Key Terms
The Philosophers on Racism
The Roots of American Racism
Racism Today
Globalization, Immigration, and Racism
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
U.S. Supreme Court, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Lyndon B. Johnson, “To Fulfill These Rights”
Bernard R. Boxill, “The Color-Blind Principle”
Senator Patrick Leahy, “S. Res. 56: A Resolution That the United States Should Remain a Global Leader in Welcoming and Providing Refuge to Refugees and Asylum Seekers”
Stephen Cox, “The Fallacy of Open Immigration”
Joel Newman, “My Favorite Three Arguments for Open Borders”
Case Studies
Chapter 9 War, Weapons, and Terrorism
Background
The Philosophers on War and Terrorism
The Just-War Tradition
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Pacifism and Conscription
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
Jonathan Granoff, “Nuclear Weapons, Ethics, Morals, and Law”
David Luban, “The War on Terrorism and the End of Human Rights”
Brian Michael Jenkins, “Should Our Arsenal Against Terrorism Include Assassination?”
Barack Obama, Remarks President Obama on Common-Sense Gun Safety Reform
Ron Paul, “Conscription—The Terrible Price of War”
Case Studies
Chapter 10 Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics
The Legal and Moral Status of Nonhuman Animals
The Legal and Moral Status of the Environment
The Philosophers on the Moral Value of Nonhuman Animals and the Environment
Animal Farming, Environmental Degradation, and Vegetarianism
Global Warming and Climate Change
Animal Experimentation
The Moral Issues
Conclusion
Peter Singer, from Animal Liberation
Carl Cohen, “Do Animals Have Rights?”
James Garvey, “Climate Change and Moral Outrage”
Al Gore, “Testimony before U.S. House of Representatives on Global Warming and the Climate Crisis”
Case Studies
Glossary
Index
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