Hands-On Blockchain With Hyperledger by Gaur, Nitin -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright and Credits

Hands-On Blockchain with Hyperledger

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Foreword Contributors

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Preface

Who this book is for What this book covers To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files Conventions used

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Reviews

Blockchain - Enterprise and Industry Perspective

Defining the terms – what is a blockchain? Four core building blocks of blockchain framworks

Additional capabilities to consider

Fundamentals of the secure transaction processing protocol Where blockchain technology has been and where it's going

The great divide An economic model for blockchain delivery Learning as we go The promise of trust and accountability

Industries putting blockchain technology to work Blockchain in the enterprise

What applications are a good fit? How does the enterprise view blockchain? Litmus testing to justify the application of blockchain technology Integrating a blockchain infrastructure for the whole enterprise

Enterprise design principles

Business drivers and evolution Ensuring sustainability The principles that drive blockchain adoption

Business considerations for choosing a blockchain framework Technology considerations for choosing a blockchain framework

Identity management Scalability Enterprise security Development tooling Crypto-economic models Decentralization with systemic governance Enterprise support Use case-driven pluggability choices

Shared ledger technology Consensus Crypto algorithms and encryption technology Use case-driven pluggable choices

Enterprise integration and designing for extensibility Other considerations

Consensus, ACID property, and CAP

CAP ACID

Attestation – SSCs are signed and encrypted Use of HSMs

Summary

Exploring Hyperledger Fabric

Building on the foundations of open computing

Fundamentals of the Hyperledger project

The Linux Foundation Hyperledger Open source and open standards

Hyperledger frameworks, tools, and building blocks

Hyperledger frameworks Hyperledger tools The building blocks of blockchain solutions

Hyperledger Fabric component design

Principles of Hyperledger design CAP Theorem Hyperledger Fabric reference architecture Hyperledger Fabric runtime architecture Strengths and advantages of componentized design

Hyperledger Fabric – the journey of a sample transaction Hyperledger Fabric explored

Components in a blockchain network Developer interaction

Understanding governance in business networks powered by blockchain

Governance structure and landscape Information technology governance Blockchain network governance Business network governance

Summary

Setting the Stage with a Business Scenario

Trading and letter of credit

The importance of trust in facilitating trade The letter of credit process today

Business scenario and use case

Overview Real-world processes Simplified and modified processes Terms used in trade finance and logistics Shared process workflow Shared assets and data Participants' roles and capabilities Benefits of blockchain applications over current real-world processes

Setting up the development environment

Designing a network Installing prerequisites Forking and cloning the trade-finance-logistics repository Creating and running a network configuration

Preparing the network Generating network cryptographic material Generating channel artifacts Generating the configuration in one operation Composing a sample trade network

Network components' configuration files Launching a sample trade network Summary

Designing a Data and Transaction Model with Golang

Starting the chaincode development

Compiling and running chaincode Installing and instantiating chaincode Invoking chaincode

Creating a chaincode

The chaincode interface Setting up the chaincode file

The Invoke method

Access control

ABAC

Registering a user Enrolling a user Retrieving user identities and attributes in chaincode

Implementing chaincode functions

Defining chaincode assets Coding chaincode functions Creating an asset Reading and modifying an asset Main function

Testing chaincode

SHIM mocking

Testing the Init method Testing the Invoke method Running tests

Chaincode design topics

Composite keys Range queries State queries and CouchDB Indexes ReadSet and WriteSet Multiversion concurrency control

Logging output

Configuration Logging API SHIM logging levels Stdout and stderr Additional SHIM API functions

Summary

Exposing Network Assets and Transactions

Building a complete application

The nature of a Hyperledger Fabric application

Application and transaction stages Application model and architecture

Building the application Middleware – wrapping and driving the chaincode

Installation of tools and dependencies

Prerequisites for creating and running the middleware Installation of dependencies

Creating and running the middleware

Network configuration Endorsement policy User records Client registration and enrollment Creating a channel Joining a channel Installation of chaincode Instantiation of chaincode Invoking the chaincode Querying the chaincode Completing the loop – subscribing to blockchain events Putting it all together

User application – exporting the service and API

Applications User and session management Designing an API Creating and launching a service

User and session management Network administration Exercising the application User/client interaction modes

Testing the Middleware and Application

Integration with existing systems and processes

Design considerations Decentralization Process alignment

Message affinity

Service discovery Identity mapping Integration design pattern

Enterprise system integration Integrating with an existing system of record Integrating with an operational data store Microservice and event-driven architecture

Considering reliability, availability, and serviceability

Reliability Availability Serviceability

Summary

Business Networks

A busy world of purposeful activity

Why a language for business networks?

Defining business networks

A deeper idea

Introducing participants

Types of participant

Individual participants Organizational participants System or device participants

Participants are agents Participants and identity

Introducing assets

Assets flow between participants Tangible and intangible assets The structure of assets Ownership is a special relationship Asset life cycles Describing asset's life cycles in detail with transactions

Introducing transactions

Change as a fundamental concept Transaction definition and instance Implicit and explicit transactions The importance of contracts Signatures Smart contracts for multi-party transaction processing Digital transaction processing Initiating transactions Transaction history Transaction streams Separating transactions into different business networks Transaction history and asset states A business network as a history of transactions Regulators and business networks

Discussing events from the perspective of designing a business network using Composer

A universal concept Messages carry event notifications An example to illustrate event structure Events and transactions External versus explicit events Events cause participants to act Loosely coupled design The utility of events

Implementing a business network

The importance of de-materialization Blockchain benefits for B2B and EDI Participants that interact with the blockchain Accessing the business network with APIs A 3-tier systems architecture Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer

Summary

A Business Network Example

The letter of credit sample

Installing the sample Running the sample

Step 1 – preparing to request a letter of credit Step 2 – requesting a letter of credit Step 3 – importing bank approval Step 4 – exporting bank approval Step 5 – letter received by exporter Step 6 – shipment Step 7 – goods received Step 8 – payment Step 9 – closing the letter Step 10 – Bob receives payment

Recapping the process

Analyzing the letter of credit process

The Playground Viewing the business network

A description of the business network

The participant descriptions The asset descriptions The transaction descriptions The event descriptions

A model of the business network

Namespaces Enumerations Asset definitions Participant definitions Concept definitions Transaction definitions Event definitions

Examining the live network

Examining a letter of credit instance Examining participant instances Examining transaction instances Submitting a new transaction to the network Understanding how transactions are implemented

Creating business network APIs

SWAGGER API definitions Querying the network using SWAGGER Testing the network from the command line Creating a new letter using SWAGGER Network cards and wallets Access-control lists

Summary

Agility in a Blockchain Network

Defining the promotion process

Smart contract considerations Integration layer considerations Promotion process overview

Configuring a continuous integration pipeline

Customizing the pipeline process

Local build Configuring Travis CI Customizing the pipeline using .travis.yml

Publishing our smart contract package

Configuring your Git repository

Setting the code owners of our smart contract

Sample content of the CODEOWNERS

Protecting the master branch Configuring Git for commit signing and validation

Configuring GPG on your local workstation

Testing the end-to-end process

Creating a new transaction

Pushing a commit to the master branch directly Submitting a pull request with an unsigned commit

Adding test cases

Submitting a pull request with a signed commit Adding the mergeAssets unit test

Releasing the new version

Updating the network

Notifying the consortium Upgrading the business network

Downloading a new version Updating the business network

Summary

Life in a Blockchain Network

Modifying or upgrading a Hyperledger Fabric application

Fabric blockchain and application life cycle Channel configuration updates

Prerequisites for adding a new organization to the network Generating network cryptographic material Generating channel artifacts Generating the configuration and network components in one operation Launching the network components for the new organization Updating the channel configuration Adding the new organization to the network

Smart contract and policy updates

Modification in chaincode logic Dependency upgrades in chaincode Ledger resetting Endorsement policy update Upgrading chaincode and endorsement policy on the trade channel

Platform upgrades

System monitoring and performance

Measurement and analytics What should we measure or understand in a Fabric application

Blockchain applications vis-à-vis traditional transaction processing applications Metrics for performance analysis

Measurement and data collection in a Fabric application

Collecting health and capacity information Profiling containers and applications Measuring application performance

Fabric engineering guidelines for performance

Platform performance characteristics System bottlenecks Configuration and tuning Ledger data availability and caching

Redundant committing peer Data caching

Fabric performance measurement and benchmarking

Summary

Governance, Necessary Evil of Regulated Industries

Decentralization and governance Exploring the business models

Blockchain benefits

Supply chain management Healthcare Finance – letter of credit

From benefits to profits Network business model

Founder-led network Consortium-based network Community-based network Hybrid models

Joint venture New corporation

Role of governance in a business network Business domains and processes

Membership life cycle Funding and fees Regulation Education Service life cycle Disputes

Governance structure

Centralized governance

Strategic governance Operational governance Tactical governance

Decentralized governance

Governance and the IT solution

Managed on-boarding

Summary

Hyperledger Fabric Security

Hyperledger Fabric design goals impacting security Hyperledger Fabric architecture

Fabric CA or membership service provider Peer Smart contract or chaincode Ledger Private data Ordering service

Network bootstrap and governance – the first step towards security

Creating the network Adding new members Deploying and updating chaincode Data model

Strong identities – the key to the security of the Hyperledger Fabric network

Bootstrapping Fabric CA

Which crypto protocols are allowed in certificate signing requests?

Revoking identities

Practical considerations in managing users in Fabric CA

Chaincode security

How is chaincode shared with other endorsing peers? Who can install chaincode? Chaincode encryption Attribute-based access control

Pros and cons of attribute-based access control

Common threats and how Hyperledger Fabric mitigates them

Transaction privacy in Hyperledger Fabric

Channels Private data Encrypting transaction data

Hyperledger Fabric and Quantum Computing General data protection regulation (GDPR) considerations Summary

The Future of Blockchain and the Challenges Ahead

Summary of key Hyperledger projects

Hyperledger framework – business blockchain technology Hyperledger tools

Hyperledger Composer

The road ahead for Blockchain

Addressing the divide – the enterprise blockchain and crypto asset-driven ecosystem Interoperability – understanding business service integration Scalability and economic viability of the blockchain solution

Staying engaged with the Hyperledger blockchain Summary

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