Designing Embedded Hardware by Catsoulis, John -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Designing Embedded Hardware

Preface

Organization of This Book Using Code Examples Conventions Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

1. An Introduction to Computer Architecture

1.1. Concepts

1.1.1. Processors 1.1.2. Basic System Architecture

1.1.2.1. Buses 1.1.2.2. Processor operation 1.1.2.3. ALU

1.1.3. Interrupts

1.1.3.1. Hardware interrupts 1.1.3.2. Software interrupts

1.1.4. CISC and RISC 1.1.5. Digital Signal Processors

1.2. Memory

1.2.1. RAM 1.2.2. ROM

1.2.2.1. EPROM 1.2.2.2. EEROM 1.2.2.3. Flash

1.3. Input/Output 1.4. DMA

1.4.1. Parallel and Distributed Computers

1.4.1.1. Introduction to parallel architectures 1.4.1.2. SIMD computers 1.4.1.3. MIMD computers

1.5. Embedded Computer Architecture

2. Assembly Language

2.1. Registers 2.2. Machine Code 2.3. Signed Numbers 2.4. Addressing Modes

2.4.1. Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing

2.5. Coding in Assembly 2.6. Disassembly 2.7. Position-Independent Code 2.8. Loops 2.9. Masking 2.10. Indexed Addressing 2.11. Stacks 2.12. Timing of Instructions

3. Forth/Open Firmware

3.1. Introducing Forth 3.2. String Words 3.3. Stack Manipulation 3.4. Creating New Words 3.5. Comments 3.6. if ... else 3.7. Loops 3.8. Data Structures 3.9. Interacting with Hardware and Memory 3.10. Forth Programming Guidelines

4. Electronics 101

4.1. Voltage and Current 4.2. Analog Signals 4.3. Power 4.4. Reading Schematics 4.5. Resistors 4.6. Capacitors

4.6.1. Types of Capacitors

4.7. RC Circuits 4.8. Inductors 4.9. Transformers 4.10. Diodes 4.11. Crystals

4.11.1. Clocks and Oscillators

4.11.1.1. Power versus speed

4.12. Digital Signals 4.13. Electrical Characteristics

4.13.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings 4.13.2. DC Characteristics 4.13.3. AC Characteristics and Timing

4.14. Logic Gates 4.15. The Importance of Reading the Datasheet

5. Power Sources

5.1. The Stuff Out of the Wall 5.2. Batteries 5.3. Low Power Design 5.4. Regulators 5.5. LM78xx Regulators 5.6. MAX603/MAX604 Regulators 5.7. MAX1615 Regulator 5.8. MAX724 Regulator 5.9. Electrical Noise and Interference

5.9.1. Minimize the Current Loop Area 5.9.2. Keep the Power Smooth 5.9.3. How to Destroy a Computer Without Really Trying

6. Building Hardware

6.1. Tools

6.1.1. Development Kits 6.1.2. Measurement Tools 6.1.3. In-Circuit Emulators 6.1.4. Construction Tools

6.2. Soldering

6.2.1. How to Solder

6.3. Quick Construction

6.3.1. Breadboarding 6.3.2. Wirewrapping

6.4. Printed-Circuit Boards

6.4.1. Laying Out a PCB

6.5. Building It

6.5.1. Powering Up for the First Time 6.5.2. Add in the Processor 6.5.3. Some Thoughts on Debugging

6.6. JTAG

7. Adding Peripherals Using SPI

7.1. Serial Peripheral Interface

7.1.1. SPI-Based Clock/Calendar 7.1.2. SPI-Based Digital Potentiometer 7.1.3. Adding Nonvolatile Data Memory with SPI 7.1.4. Adding a Parameter Memory Using SPI

8. Adding Peripherals Using I2C

8.1. Overview of I2C 8.2. Adding a Real-Time Clock with I2C 8.3. Adding a Small Display with I2C

9. Serial Ports

9.1. UARTs 9.2. Error Detection 9.3. Old Faithful: RS-232C

9.1.1. Shake Hands 9.1.2. Implementing an RS-232C Interface 9.1.3. Using a Serial Port as a Power Supply

9.4. RS-422 9.5. RS-485

10. IrDA

10.1. Introduction to IrDA

10.1.1. An IrDA Interface 10.1.2. Other Infrared Devices

11. USB

11.1. Introduction to USB 11.2. USB Packets 11.3. Physical Interface 11.4. Implementing a USB Interface

12. Networks

12.1. Controller Area Network (CAN) 12.2. Ethernet

12.2.1. Adding an Ethernet Interface

13. Analog

13.1. Amplifiers 13.2. Analog to Digital Conversion

13.2.1. Sample Rates

13.3. Interfacing an External ADC 13.4. Temperature Sensor 13.5. Light Sensor

13.5.1. Amplifying the Light Sensor

13.6. Accelerometer 13.7. Pressure Sensors 13.8. Magnetic-Field Sensor 13.9. Digital to Analog Conversion 13.10. PWM 13.11. Motor Control

13.11.1. Sensing Motor Speed

13.12. Switching Big Loads

14. The PIC Microcontrollers

14.1. A Tale of Two Processors 14.2. Starting Simple

14.2.1. Variable-Speed Oscillator 14.2.2. Power-on Reset

14.3. A Bigger PIC 14.4. PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger 14.5. Motor Control with a PIC

15. The AVR Microcontrollers

15.1. The AVR Architecture 15.2. The ATtiny15 Processor

15.2.1. Adding a Status LED 15.2.2. Switching Analog Signals

15.3. Downloading Code 15.4. A Bigger AVR 15.5. AVR-Based Datalogger 15.6. Bus Interfacing

15.6.1. AT90S8515 Memory Cycle 15.6.2. Bus Signals 15.6.3. Memory Maps and Address Decoding 15.6.4. PALs 15.6.5. Timing Analysis 15.6.6. Memory Management

15.6.6.1. Page mapping 15.6.6.2. Banked memory 15.6.6.3. Address translation

16. 68HC11

16.1. Architecture of the 68HC11 16.2. A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer

16.3. Address Decoding

17. MAXQ

17.1. Architectural Overview 17.2. Schematics

18. 68000-Series Computers

18.1. The 68000 Architecture 18.2. A Simple 68000-Based Computer

18.2.1. Reset Circuit 18.2.2. Address Decoder 18.2.3. I/O 18.2.4. Memory 18.2.5. Wait States

19. DSP-Based Controllers

19.1. The DSP56800 19.2. A DSP56805-Based Computer

19.2.1. Oscillator 19.2.2. Reset and Interrupts 19.2.3. External Memory

19.3. JTAG

Index About the Author Colophon

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