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Index
Cover
Natural Language Processing with Python
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Preface
Emphasis
What You Will Learn
Organization
Why Python?
Software Requirements
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
For Instructors
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Code Examples
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Royalties
1. Language Processing and Python
A Closer Look at Python: Texts as Lists of Words
Computing with Language: Simple Statistics
Back to Python: Making Decisions and Taking Control
Automatic Natural Language Understanding
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
2. Accessing Text Corpora and Lexical Resources
Conditional Frequency Distributions
More Python: Reusing Code
Lexical Resources
WordNet
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
3. Processing Raw Text
Strings: Text Processing at the Lowest Level
Text Processing with Unicode
Regular Expressions for Detecting Word Patterns
Useful Applications of Regular Expressions
Normalizing Text
Regular Expressions for Tokenizing Text
Segmentation
Formatting: From Lists to Strings
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
4. Writing Structured Programs
Sequences
Questions of Style
Functions: The Foundation of Structured Programming
Doing More with Functions
Program Development
Algorithm Design
A Sample of Python Libraries
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
5. Categorizing and Tagging Words
Tagged Corpora
Mapping Words to Properties Using Python Dictionaries
Automatic Tagging
N-Gram Tagging
Transformation-Based Tagging
How to Determine the Category of a Word
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
6. Learning to Classify Text
Further Examples of Supervised Classification
Evaluation
Decision Trees
Naive Bayes Classifiers
Maximum Entropy Classifiers
Modeling Linguistic Patterns
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
7. Extracting Information from Text
Chunking
Developing and Evaluating Chunkers
Recursion in Linguistic Structure
Named Entity Recognition
Relation Extraction
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
8. Analyzing Sentence Structure
What’s the Use of Syntax?
Context-Free Grammar
Parsing with Context-Free Grammar
Dependencies and Dependency Grammar
Grammar Development
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
9. Building Feature-Based Grammars
Processing Feature Structures
Extending a Feature-Based Grammar
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
10. Analyzing the Meaning of Sentences
Propositional Logic
First-Order Logic
The Semantics of English Sentences
Discourse Semantics
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
11. Managing Linguistic Data
The Life Cycle of a Corpus
Acquiring Data
Working with XML
Working with Toolbox Data
Describing Language Resources Using OLAC Metadata
Summary
Further Reading
Exercises
A. Afterword: The Language Challenge
Contemporary Philosophical Divides
NLTK Roadmap
Envoi...
B. Bibliography
NLTK Index
General Index
About the Authors
Colophon
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