Essential Forensic Biology by Gunn, Alan -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Table of Contents Introduction Acknowledgements About the Companion Website Part I: Decay and the Discovery and Recovery of Human Remains

1 The Decay of Human Bodies

1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Stages of Decomposition 1.3 Factors Affecting the Speed of Decay 1.4 Future Directions

2 The Discovery, Recovery, and Study of Human Bodies

2.1 Discovery of Human Remains 2.2 Recovery of Dead Bodies 2.3 The Post Mortem 2.4 Determining the Age of Skeletonised Remains 2.5 Determining the Provenance of Skeletonised Remains 2.6 Future Directions

Part II: DNA Analysis

3 Molecular Biology

3.1 Introduction 3.2 DNA Sampling 3.3 DNA Analysis 3.4 Molecular Markers 3.5 DNA Databases 3.6 Confounding Factors in DNA Analysis 3.7 Evidence from Molecular Markers 3.8 Future Directions

Part III: Body Tissues and Fluids and Wound Analysis

4 Blood

4.1 Blood Cells and Blood Typing 4.2 Distinguishing Human and Animal Blood 4.3 Bloodstain Pattern Analysis 4.4 Fake Blood 4.5 Post‐Mortem Toxicological Analysis of Blood 4.6 Future Directions

5 Saliva, Semen, Vitreous Humour, Urine, and Faeces

5.1 Saliva 5.2 Semen 5.3 Vitreous Humour 5.4 Faeces 5.5 Urine 5.6 Summary of Forensic Information Obtained from Body Fluids and Waste Products 5.7 Future Directions

6 Human Tissues

6.1 The Outer Body Surface 6.2 The Skeleton 6.3 Teeth 6.4 Summary of Forensic Evidence that can be obtained from Human Tissues 6.5 Future Developments

7 Wounds

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Blunt Force Injuries 7.3 Sharp Force Traumas 7.4 Bone Damage 7.5 Bite Marks 7.6 Asphyxia 7.7 Pathology Associated with Drug Use 7.8 Burns and Scalds 7.9 Gunshot Wounds 7.10 Wounds Caused by Explosions 7.11 Complex Suicides 7.12 Ageing of Wounds 7.13 Post‐Mortem Injuries 7.14 Future Developments

Part IV: Invertebrates

8 Invertebrates 1

8.1 An Introduction to Invertebrate Biology 8.2 Invertebrates as Forensic Indicators in Cases of Murder or Suspicious Death 8.3 Parasitoid Wasps 8.4 Insects on Buried Bodies 8.5 Future Directions

9 Invertebrates 2

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Collecting Invertebrates for Forensic Analysis 9.3 Killing and Preserving Techniques for Invertebrates 9.4 Invertebrate Identification Techniques 9.5 Calculating the PMI/Earliest Oviposition Date 9.6 Complicating Factors Affecting Earliest Oviposition Date Calculations 9.7 Other Evidence from Invertebrates 9.8 Future Directions

Part V: Vertebrates and Wildlife Crime

10 Vertebrates

10.1 Introduction 10.2 Identification of Vertebrates 10.3 Vertebrate Scavenging of Human Corpses 10.4 Vertebrates Causing Death and Injury 10.5 Neglect and Abuse of Vertebrates 10.6 Vertebrates and Drugs 10.7 Future Directions

11 Wildlife Forensics

11.1 Introduction 11.2 When it is Legal to Kill or Exploit Wildlife 11.3 The Extent of the Trade in Wildlife 11.4 CITES 11.5 Factors that Contribute to the Illegal Trade in Wildlife 11.6 Poaching 11.7 Bushmeat 11.8 Ivory 11.9 Antlers 11.10 Horns 11.11 Bear Bile 11.12 Musk Oil 11.13 The Illegal Trade in Invertebrates 11.14 Future Directions

Part VI: Plants, Protists, Fungi, and Microbes

12 Protists, Fungi, and Plants

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Protists 12.3 Fungi 12.4 Plants 12.5 Plant Secondary Metabolites as Sources of Drugs and Poisons 12.6 Illegal Trade in Protected Plant Species 12.7 Summary of the Forensic Potential of Protists, Fungi, and Higher Plants 12.8 Future Directions

13 Microbes and Viruses

13.1 Introduction 13.2 Microbiomes 13.3 Microbes and Viruses as Indicators of Geographical Origin 13.4 Microbes and the Cause of Death 13.5 Identification of Microbes Responsible for Food Poisoning 13.6 Linking a Victim and a Suspect through the Transfer of Microbial and Viral Infections 13.7 Pathogens and Human Behaviour 13.8 Interactions between Microbes, Viruses and Drugs 13.9 The Use of Microorganisms in Bioterrorism 13.10 Future Directions

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