[Pocket Notebook 01] • Pocket ICU (Pocket Notebook Series) by Urman, Richard D. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Contributors Preface Contents Common ICU Problems

Hyperkalemia Shock Sepsis Arrhythmias Hypotension Hypoxemia Pericardial Tamponade Tension Pneumothorax Acute Mental Status Change Low Urine Output—Acute Renal Failure Fever in the ICU

Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring Invasive Monitoring Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

Airway Management

Introduction Airway Assessment Airway Devices Difficult Mask Ventilation: Maneuvers to Maintain Airway Patency Indications for Tracheal Intubation Drugs Airway Management: Orotracheal Intubation Airway Management: Nasotracheal Intubation Airway Management: Awake Flexible Fiberoptic Intubation ASA Difficult Airway Algorithm Transtracheal Procedures Tracheotomy Complications of Laryngoscopy and Intubation Extubation

ACID–Base Disturbances

Definitions Workup Management of Severe Acid–Base Disturbances in Critical Illness Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Assessing Oxygenation by Arterial Blood Gas

Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in the ICU

General Principles Pain/Analgesia Agitation/Sedation Delirium in the ICU

Nutrition

Significance Nutritional Assessment Nutrition Requirements Nutritional Support Routes Malnutrition Leading to Pulmonary Failure Renal Failure Leading to Malnutrition Hepatic Failure Leading to Malnutrition Obesity and Malnutrition

Scoring System For The Severity of Illness in Critical Care

APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score) SAPS II SAPS III SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) STS Risk Calculator Revised Trauma Score qSOFA

Preventive Strategies and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Associated Blood Stream Infections (CABSI) Ventilator-Associated Events (VAE) Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Stress Ulcers Pressure Ulcers Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) Nosocomial Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Daily Assessment: FAST HUGGS

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Cardiac Arrest Algorithm Cardiac Arrest Circular Algorithm Bradycardia Bradycardia with Pulse Algorithm Tachycardia Tachycardia with Pulse Algorithm Opioid Associated Life Threatening Emergency Opioid Induced Arrest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Emergency Department to ICU Communication Strategies

Key Elements of Integrated Pre- and Intrahospital Care Care and Communication Strategies for Specific Disease Conditions Summary

Informed Consent, Procedural Standardization, and Safety

Informed Consent Five Elements of Informed Consent Procedural Standardization

Occupational and Physical Therapy

ICU-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) Early Mobilization

Patient- and Family-Centered Care

Introduction Definitions Objective Rationale Key Concepts Patient- and Family-Centered Care Interventions Flexible Visitation Policy Family’s Level of Involvement Family Presence during Codes Cultural Issues

Transitioning from Acute Care to Rehabilitation

The Need Types of Post Acute Care Facilities Outcomes Evaluating Patients for Suitability of Transfer to an LTAC Steps to Ensuring a Successful Transfer

Ethics, Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Decisional Capacity Goals of Care Palliative Care Autonomy Advanced Directives Surrogate/Proxy Withdrawal of Care Doctrine of Double Effect Comfort Measures Substituted Judgment Living Will Durable Power of Attorney Beneficence Nonmaleficence

Nursing Standards in Critical Care

Introduction Critical Care Nursing Work Flow Guide for Head-to-Toe Nursing Assessment

Inter- and Intrahospital Transport of Critically ILL Patients

Definitions Risks Assessment and Management

Mechanical Ventilation and Pulmonary Issues

Ventilation, Pulmonary Physiology, Ventilator Management Gas Exchange Ventilation Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Acute Failure to Liberate from Ventilator Support Respiratory Failure and Ventilator Management Ventilator Management Community Acquired Pneumonia and Atypical Pneumonias Types of Pneumonias and Pathogens

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Introduction Pathophysiology Diagnosis Imaging Treatment Outcomes Conclusion

Cardiovascular Conditions in the ICU—Acute Coronary Syndromes and Other Common Cardiac Problems

Chest Pain HTN Emergencies Acute Coronary Syndromes Cardiac Biomarkers Unstable Angina (UA) vs. Non-ST Elevation MI ST-segment Elevation MI Inferior Myocardial Infarction (IMI) Complications of Myocardial Infarction Cardiomyopathy/Shock/Heart Failure Valve Diseases Pericardial Tamponade Cardiogenic Shock and Tailored Heart Failure Therapy Pacemakers and Defibrillators Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs Antiplatelets/Anticoagulants

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventricular Assist Devices

Introduction to ECMO Ventricular Assist Devices Minimally Invasive Interventions

Hematology, Fluid and Electrolyte Management

Hematology Transfusion and Transfusion Triggers in the ICU Venous Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Embolism, Prevention Strategies Electrolytes Fluid Resuscitation and IV Replacement Solutions

Infectious Disease, Sepsis, and the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines

Evaluation of New Fever in the Critically Ill Patient Nosocomial Infections Principles for the Use of Antibiotics in the ICU Sepsis and Septic Shock Summary of Recommendations—Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012 Summary of National Quality Forum/Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Bundles/Milestones Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis with Persistent Organ Failure >48 Hours

Endocrine Disorders and Renal Issues in the ICU and Renal Issues

Hyperglycemia—Diabetic Emergencies Glycemic Control Adrenal Insufficiency Thyroid Disease Renal Issues Encountered in the ICU General Workup for Renal Problems Occurring in the ICU Renal Replacement Therapy Electrolyte Abnormalities Most Commonly Associated with Renal Dysfunction Issues Related to Osmolality and Osmoregulation

Cardiac Surgical Critical Care

Cardiac Surgery Operating Room to ICU Handoff Postcardiac Surgery Fast-Track Care Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) and Extra Corporeal Life Support (ECLS) Sequelae Common Postcardiac Surgery Management Issues Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Cardiac Surgical Procedures Hybrid and Percutaneous Cardiac Procedures Pulmonary Hypertension in Cardiac Surgery Patient

Thoracic Surgical Critical Care

Introduction Prevention/Treatment of Atelectasis and Secretion Retention Postoperative Hypotension Postoperative Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Massive Hemoptysis Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF) Pulmonary Hypertension Leading to Right Heart Failure Atrial Fibrillation Pain Management

Vascular Surgical Critical Care

Perioperative Risk Carotid Artery Stenosis Aortic Aneurysms Acute Aortic Syndrome (80–90% aortic dissection) Peripheral Vascular Disease

Neurologic Critical Care

Coma and Disorders of Consciousness Brain Death Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury after Cardiac Arrest Therapeutic Hypothermia for Coma after Cardiac Arrest Therapeutic Hypothermia Protocol (May Vary by Institution) Intracranial Hypertension and Brain Edema Mechanical Ventilation of Neurologic Patients

Neurovascular Critical Care

Transient Ischemic Attacks Ischemic Strokes Dissections Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Seizures

Differential Diagnosis of Seizures Provoked Seizures: Etiologies Workup of First Seizure Antiepileptic Drugs Status Epilepticus

Weakness in the Intensive Care Unit

Clinical Examination Investigations/Tests Muscle Disease

Neonatal Intensive Care

Resuscitation in the Delivery Room Common Neonatal Problems Cardiovascular Fluids and Electrolytes Nutrition Neurology Gastroenterology Hematology Infectious Diseases Syndromes and Associations

Pediatric Intensive Care

Key Principles for Pediatric Critical Care Shock Sepsis Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Status Asthmaticus Bronchiolitis Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Acute Chest Syndrome Tumor Lysis Syndrome Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Cerebral Salt Wasting (CSW) Central Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Status Epilepticus Pediatric Trauma Pediatric Pain Management

Obstetric Critical Care

Introduction Aortocaval Compression Syndrome Tocolytic-induced Pulmonary Edema Aspiration Venous Air Embolism Fetal Monitoring Pregnancy-related Diseases

Older Adults with Critical Illness: Special Considerations

Introduction Risk of Falling Nutrition Vision and Hearing Depression “FAST HUGS” Assessment Geriatric Syndromes in the ICU Assessing the Risk of Adverse–Drug Reactions (ADR)

Obesity: Special Considerations

Introduction Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Airway Management Approach to Intubation Fluid Loading Poorly Tolerated Diagnostic Imaging Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis Nutrition Pressure-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Nursing Care Trauma Drug Therapy

Operating Room: Caring for the Extremely Critically Ill Patient

Preoperative Assessment of the Severely Critically Ill Patient Intraoperative Management of the Severely Critically Ill Patient

Heart and Lung Transplantation

Heart and Lung Transplant Postoperative Management Single or Double Lung Transplantation Immunosuppression

Liver, Kidney, and Pancreas Transplantation

Liver Transplant Patient Kidney Transplant Patient Pancreas Transplant Patient

Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation

Background Definitions Other General Considerations Indications Complications Posttransplantation Infectious Complications Hepatic Complications Pulmonary Complications Neurologic Complications Renal Complications Cardiac Complications Transplant-Related Complications

General Trauma I

Trauma Organization and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Guidelines General Approach to the Trauma Patient Cervical Spine Clearance Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Nutritional Support for Trauma Patients Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Trauma Training in Trauma Scoring Systems in Trauma Triage and Surveillance Immediately Life-Threatening Trauma Conditions

General Trauma II

Airway Trauma Thoracic Trauma Abdominal Trauma Extremity Injuries

Head Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury Spinal Cord Injury

Burn Management

Introduction Anatomy and General Principles Evaluation of the Burn Patient Airway and Respiratory Management in Burns Fluid Management in Burns Dressings and Topical Antimicrobial Agents Used in Burn Care Surgical Burn Wound Management Metabolism and Nutrition Complications

Common ICU Procedures

Endotracheal Tube Exchange Central Venous Catheter Placement Pulmonary Artery Catheter Insertion Arterial Catheter (Line) Placement Thoracentesis Needle Thoracostomy Paracentesis Nasogastric and Duodenal Feeding Tube Placement Lumbar Puncture Urinary Catheter (Foley) Placement

Bedside Surgical Procedures in the ICU or ED

Introduction Bedside Tracheostomy Bedside PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) Bedside Diagnostic Laparoscopy Bedside Decompressive Laparotomies Debridement Emergent Thoracotomy (Emergency Department Thoracotomy) Wound V.A.C. Changes Pericardiocentesis

Ultrasound-Guided Therapy And Procedures

Echocardiography in the Management of Shock Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Central Venous Catheters (CVC)

Radiologic Imaging

ICU Portable Chest X-Rays (CXR) Chest CT Radiographic Findings in Thoracic Diseases Brain CT

Toxicology

Decontamination Metabolic Toxins Neurotoxins Cardiovascular Toxins Hepatic and GI Toxins

Disaster Preparedness

Basic Principles Planning Triage Combat

Appendix: ICU calculators, calculations, drugs

Hemodynamic Formulas Respiratory Formulas Acid-Base Equations Delta Gap Renal ICU Medications and Dosing Pulmonary Vasodilators Drugs Used in Hypertensive Emergencies Relative Potencies and Equivalent Doses of Representative Corticosteroids Anticoagulants New Anticoagulants Pharmacologic Coumadin Reversal Insulin Preparations Diuretics Sedatives Dosage and Mode of Administration of Common Nonopioid Analgesics Standard Equivalents of Selected Opioid Analgesics Miscellaneous

Appendix: Statistics and Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)

Evaluation of Published Research EBM Internet Sources

Index

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