Software Testing Foundations by Spillner, Andreas -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page About the Authors Title Page Copyright Page Preface Contents 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Testing

2.1 Terms and Motivation

2.1.1 Error, Defect, and Bug Terminology 2.1.2 Testing Terms 2.1.3 Software Quality 2.1.4 Test Effort

2.2 The Fundamental Test Process

2.2.1 Test Planning and Control 2.2.2 Test Analysis and Design 2.2.3 Test Implementation and Execution 2.2.4 Test Evaluation and Reporting 2.2.5 Test Closure Activities

2.3 The Psychology of Testing 2.4 General Principles of Testing 2.5 Ethical Guidelines 2.6 Summary

3 Testing in the Software Life Cycle

3.1 The General V-Model 3.2 Component Test

3.2.1 Explanation of Terms 3.2.2 Test objects 3.2.3 Test Environment 3.2.4 Test objectives 3.2.5 Test Strategy

3.3 Integration Test

3.3.1 Explanation of Terms 3.3.2 Test objects 3.3.3 The Test Environment 3.3.4 Test objectives 3.3.5 Integration Strategies

3.4 System Test

3.4.1 Explanation of Terms 3.4.2 Test Objects and Test Environment 3.4.3 Test Objectives 3.4.4 Problems in System Test Practice

3.5 Acceptance Test

3.5.1 Contract Acceptance Testing 3.5.2 Testing for User Acceptance 3.5.3 Operational (Acceptance) Testing 3.5.4 Field Testing

3.6 Testing New Product Versions

3.6.1 Software Maintenance 3.6.2 Testing after Further Development 3.6.3 Testing in Incremental Development

3.7 Generic Types of Testing

3.7.1 Functional Testing 3.7.2 Nonfunctional Testing 3.7.3 Testing of Software Structure 3.7.4 Testing Related to Changes and Regression Testing

3.8 Summary

4 Static Test

4.1 Structured Group Evaluations

4.1.1 Foundations 4.1.2 Reviews 4.1.3 The General Process

Planning Kick-Off Individual Preparation Review Meeting Rework Follow-Up

4.1.4 Roles and Responsibilities

Possible difficulties

4.1.5 Types of Reviews

Walkthrough Inspection Technical Review Informal Review Selection Criteria Notes Success Factors

4.2 Static Analysis

4.2.1 The Compiler as a Static Analysis Tool 4.2.2 Examination of Compliance to Conventions and Standards 4.2.3 Execution of Data Flow Analysis 4.2.4 Execution of Control Flow Analysis 4.2.5 Determining Metrics

4.3 Summary

5 Dynamic Analysis – Test Design Techniques

5.1 Black Box Testing Techniques

5.1.1 Equivalence Class Partitioning

Test Cases Definition of Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.1.2 Boundary Value Analysis

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.1.3 State Transition Testing

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.1.4 Logic-Based Techniques (Cause-Effect Graphing and Decision Table Technique, Pairwise Testing)

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique Pairwise Combination Testing

5.1.5 Use-Case-Based Testing

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.1.6 General Discussion of the Black Box Technique

5.2 White Box Testing Techniques

5.2.1 Statement Testing and Coverage

Test cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.2.2 Decision/Branch Testing and Coverage

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.2.3 Test of Conditions

Condition Testing and Coverage Multiple Condition Testing and Coverage Condition Determination Testing / Minimal Multiple Condition Testing Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.2.4 Further White Box Techniques 5.2.5 General Discussion of the White Box Technique 5.2.6 Instrumentation and Tool Support

5.3 Intuitive and Experience-Based Test Case Determination

Test Cases Definition of the Test Exit Criteria The Value of the Technique

5.4 Summary

6 Test Management

6.1 Test Organization

6.1.1 Test Teams

Component Testing Integration Testing System Testing

6.1.2 Tasks and Qualifications

6.2 Planning

6.2.1 Quality Assurance Plan 6.2.2 Test Plan 6.2.3 Prioritizing Tests 6.2.4 Test Entry and Exit Criteria

6.3 Cost and Economy Aspects

6.3.1 Costs of Defects 6.3.2 Cost of Testing 6.3.3 Test Effort Estimation

6.4 Choosing the Test Strategy and Test Approach

6.4.1 Preventative vs. Reactive Approach 6.4.2 Analytical vs. Heuristic Approach 6.4.3 Testing and Risk

6.5 Managing The Test Work

6.5.1 Test Cycle Planning 6.5.2 Test Cycle Monitoring 6.5.3 Test Cycle Control

6.6 Incident Management

6.6.1 Test Log 6.6.2 Incident Reporting 6.6.3 Defect Classification 6.6.4 Incident Status

6.7 Requirements to Configuration Management 6.8 Relevant Standards 6.9 Summary

7 Test Tools

7.1 Types of Test Tools

7.1.1 Tools for Management and Control of Testing and Tests 7.1.2 Tools for Test Specification 7.1.3 Tools for Static Testing 7.1.4 Tools for Dynamic Testing 7.1.5 Tools for Nonfunctional Test

7.2 Selection and Introduction of Test Tools

7.2.1 Cost Effectiveness of Tool Introduction 7.2.2 Tool Selection 7.2.3 Tool Introduction

7.3 Summary

A Test Plan According to IEEE Standard 829-1998

Test Plan Identifier Introduction Test Objects or Items Features to Be Tested Features Not to Be Tested Test Approach or Strategy Acceptance Criteria (Test Item Pass/Fail Criteria) Suspension Criteria and Resumption Requirements Test Documentation and Deliverables Testing Tasks Test Infrastructure and Environmental Needs Responsibilities and Authority Staffing and Training Needs Schedule Risks and Contingencies Approval Glossary (not in IEEE829-1998, but lower case!) Test Plans According to IEEE Standard 829-2008

The Master Test Plan Master Test Plan Identifier 1. Introduction 1.2 Scope 1.3 References 1.4 System Overview and Key Features 1.5 Test overview 1.5.1 Organization 1.5.2 Master Test Schedule 1.5.3 Integrity Level Scheme 1.5.4 Summary of Necessary Resources 1.5.5 Responsibilities and Authority 1.5.6 Tools, Techniques, Methods, and Metrics 2. Details of the Master Test Plan 2.1 Test Processes, Including Definition of Test Levels 2.1.1 through 2.1.6 “Life cycle” Processes, i.e., Activities and Tasks 2.2 Test Documentation Requirements 2.3 Test Administration Requirements 2.3.1 Anomaly (defect) Resolution and Reporting 2.3.2 Task Iteration Policy 2.3.3 Deviation Policy 2.3.4 Control Procedures 2.3.5 Standards, Practices, and Conventions 2.4 Test Reporting Requirements 3. General 3.1 Glossary 3.2 Document Change Procedures and History

The Level Test Plan

The template from the standard

Guidance for section 3.4 Guidance for sections 4.1 through 4.3

4.1 Quality assurance procedures 4.2 Metrics 4.3 Test coverage

B Important Information about the Syllabus and the Certified Tester Exam C Exercises

Exercises for chapter 2 Exercises for chapter 3 Exercises for chapter 4 Exercises for chapter 5 Exercises for chapter 6 Exercises for chapter 7

Glossary Literature

Further Recommended Literature Standards WWW Pages

Index Footnotes

Preface 2 Fundamentals of Testing 3 Testing in the Software Life Cycle 4 Static Test 5 Dynamic Analysis – Test Design Techniques 6 Test Management 7 Test Tools A Test Plan According to IEEE Standard 829-1998 C Exercises

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