[30-Second 01] • 30-Second Philosophies · the 50 Most Thought-Provoking Philosophies, Each Explained in Half a Minute by Law, Stephen -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword Introduction How to become a philosopher Language & Logic

GLOSSARY Aristotle’s syllogisms Russell’s paradox & Frege’s logicism profile: Aristotle Russell’s theory of description Frege’s puzzle Gödel’s theorem Epimenides’ liar paradox Eubulides’ heap

Science & Epistemology

GLOSSARY I think therefore I am Gettier’s counter example profile: Karl Popper The brain in a vat Hume’s problem of induction Goodman’s gruesome riddle Popper’s conjectures & refutations Kuhn’s scientific revolutions

Mind & Metaphysics

GLOSSARY Descartes mind-body problem Brentano’s intentionality Fodor’s language of thought Parfit’s persons profile: René Descartes Chalmer’s zombies Zeno’s paradoxes Kant’s left hand Theseus’ ship Laplace’s demon, determinism, & free will Ryle’s ghost in the machine

Ethics & Political Philosophy

GLOSSARY Aristotle’s ethics States of nature and the social contract Kant’s categorical imperative profile: Immanuel Kant Mill’s utilitarianism Marx’s historical materialism The trolley problem

Religion

GLOSSARY Aquinas’ five ways Anselm’s ontological argument profile: Thomas Aquinas Epicurus’ riddle Paley’s watchmaker Pascal’s wager Hume against miracles

Grand Moments

GLOSSARY Socrates’ method Plato’s cave Aristotle’s four causes Lucretius’ atomism profile: Ludwig Wittgenstein Berkeley’s idealism Kant’s synthetic a priori Hegel’s dialectic James’ pragmatism Moore’s common sense Wittgenstein’s picture theory of language

Continental philosophy

GLOSSARY Nietzsche’s Superman profile: Friedrich Nietzsche Derrida’s deconstruction Heidegger’s nothing Sartre’s bad faith

Notes on contributors Resources Acknowledgments