Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests · E-Book by Pagana, Kathleen Deska -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover image Title page Table of Contents Typical Abbreviations and Units of Measurement Copyright Dedication Reviewers Preface Testing for Common Diseases and Conditions Chapter 1: Guidelines for Proper Test Preparation and Performance

Overview

Chapter 2: Blood Studies

Overview Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody Panel (AChR Ab, Anti–AChR Antibody) Acid Phosphatase (Prostatic Acid Phosphatase [PAP], Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase [TRAP]) Activated Clotting Time (ACT, Activated Coagulation Time) Adrenal Steroid Precursors (Androstenediones [AD], Dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate [DHEA S], 11-Deoxycortisol, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17-Hydroxypregnenolone, Pregnenolone) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation (ACTH Stimulation With Cosyntropin, Cortisol Stimulation) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation With Metyrapone (Metyrapone, ACTH Stimulation With Metyrapone) Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Analysis (Y402H and A69S) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, formerly Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT]) Aldolase Aldosterone Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Allergy Blood Testing (IgE Antibody Test, Radioallergosorbent test [RAST]) Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT, A1AT, AAT phenotyping) Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Alpha1-Fetoprotein) Aluminum (Chromium and Other Heavy Metals) Amino Acid Profiles (Amino Acid Screen) Ammonia Amylase, Blood Angiotensin Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE, Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme [SACE]) Anion Gap (AG, R factor) Anticardiolipin Antibodies (aCL Antibodies, ACA, Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Lupus Anticoagulant) Anticentromere Antibody (Centromere Antibody) Antichromatin Antibody (Antinucleosome Antibodies [Anti-NCS], Antihistone Antibody [Anti-HST, AHA]) Anticyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody, CCP IgG, Anti-CCP) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, Vasopressin, Arginine Vasopressin [AVP]) Antidiuretic Hormone Suppression (ADH Suppression, Water Load) Anti-DNA Antibody (Antideoxyribonucleic Acid Antibodies, Antibody to Double-Stranded DNA, Anti–Double-Stranded DNA [Anti–ds-DNA], DNA Antibody, Native Double-Stranded DNA) Antiextractable Nuclear Antigen (Anti-ENA, Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens, Anti–Jo-1 [Antihistidyl Transfer Synthase], Antiribonucleoprotein [Anti-RNP], Anti-Smith [Anti-SM]) Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibody (Anti-GBM Antibody, AGBM, Glomerular Basement Antibody, Goodpasture's Antibody) Anti-Glycan Antibodies (Crohn Disease Prognostic Panel, Multiple Sclerosis Antibody Panel) Anti-Liver/Kidney Microsomal Type 1 Antibodies (Anti-LKM-1 Antibodies) Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA, Mitochondrial Antibodies) Antimyocardial Antibody (AMA) Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Anti–Parietal Cell Antibody (APCA) Antiscleroderma Antibody (Scl-70 Antibody, Scleroderma Antibody, RNA Polymerase III Antibody) Anti–Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA, F-Actin Smooth Muscle Antibody) Antispermatozoal Antibody (Sperm Agglutination and Inhibition, Sperm Antibodies, Antisperm Antibodies, Infertility Screen) Anti–SS-A (Ro), Anti–SS–B (La), and Anti–SS-C Antibody (Anti-Ro, Anti-La, Sjögren Antibodies) Antithrombin Activity and Antigen Assay (Antithrombin III [AT-III] Activity/Assay, Functional Antithrombin III Assay, Heparin Cofactor, Immunologic Antithrombin III, Serine Protease Inhibitor) Antithyroglobulin Antibody (Thyroid Autoantibody, Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody, Thyroglobulin Antibody) Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO, TPO-Ab, Antithyroid Microsomal Antibody, Thyroid Autoantibody, Thyroid Microsomal Antibody) Apolipoproteins (Apolipoprotein A-I [Apo A-I], Apolipoprotein B [Apo B], Lipoprotein [a] [Lp(a)], Apolipoprotein E [Apo E]) Arterial Blood Gases (Blood Gases, ABG) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Formerly Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT]) Bilirubin Blood Typing (Blood Group Microarray Testing) CA 15-3 and CA 27-29 Tumor Marker (Cancer Antigen 15-3, Cancer Antigen 27-29) CA 19-9 Tumor Marker (Cancer Antigen 19-9) CA-125 Tumor Marker (Cancer Antigen-125) Calcitonin (Human Calcitonin [HCT], Thyrocalcitonin) Calcium, Blood (Total/Ionized Calcium, Ca) Carbon Dioxide Content (CO2 Content, CO2-Combining Power, Bicarbonate [HCO−3]) Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb, Carbon Monoxide [CO]) Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Cell Surface Immunophenotyping (Flow Cytometry Cell Surface Immunophenotyping, Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping, AIDS T-Lymphocyte Cell Markers, CD4 Marker, CD4/CD8 Ratio, CD4 Percentage) Ceruloplasmin (Cp) Chloride, Blood (Cl) Cholesterol Cholinesterase (CHS, Pseudocholinesterase [PChE], Cholinesterase RBC, Red Blood Cell Cholinesterase, Acetylcholinesterase) Chromosome Karyotype (Blood Chromosome Analysis, Chromosome Studies, Cytogenetics, Karyotype) Coagulating Factor Concentration (Factor Assay, Coagulating Factors, Blood-Clotting Factors) Cold Agglutinins Complement Assay (C2, C3, and C4 Complement) Complete Blood Cell Count and Differential Count (CBC and Diff) Coombs Test, Direct (Direct Antiglobulin Test [DAT]) Coombs Test, Indirect (Blood Antibody Screening, Indirect Antiglobulin Test [IAT]) Cortisol, Blood (Hydrocortisone, Serum Cortisol, Salivary Cortisol) C-Peptide (Connecting Peptide Insulin, Insulin C-Peptide, Proinsulin C-Peptide) C-Reactive Protein (CRP, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein [hs-CRP]) Creatine Kinase (CK, Creatine Phosphokinase [CPK]) Creatinine, Blood (Serum Creatinine) Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) Cryoglobulin Cutaneous Immunofluorescence Antibodies (Indirect IFA Antibodies, Anti–Basement Zone Antibodies, Anti–Cell Surface Antibodies) Cytokines Cytomegalovirus (CMV) D-Dimer (Fragment D-Dimer, Fibrin Degradation Product [FDP], Fibrin Split Products) Dexamethasone Suppression (DS, Prolonged/Rapid DS, Cortisol Suppression, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone [ACTH] Suppression) Diabetes Mellitus Autoantibody Panel (Insulin Autoantibody [IAA], Islet Cell Antibody [ICA], Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody [GAD Ab]) 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG in Erythrocytes) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Screening (DIC Screening) Drug Monitoring (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [TDM]) Drug Sensitivity Genotype Testing (AccuType) Epstein-Barr Virus Testing (EBV Antibody Titer) Erythrocyte Fragility (Osmotic Fragility [OF], Red Blood Cell Fragility) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR, Sed Rate Test) Erythropoietin (EPO) Estrogen Fraction (Estriol Excretion, Estradiol, Estrone) Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol, Blood Alcohol, Blood EtOH) Factor V-Leiden (FVL, Mutation Analysis) Febrile Antibodies (Febrile Agglutinins) Ferritin Fetal Hemoglobin Testing (Kleihauer-Betke Test) Fetal Scalp Blood pH Fibrinogen (Factor I, Quantitative Fibrinogen) Folic Acid (Folate) Galectin-3 (GAL-3) Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP, g-GTP, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase [GGT]) Gastrin Gliadin Antibodies (Endomysial Antibodies, Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies) Glucagon Glucose, Blood (Blood Sugar, Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS]) Glucose, Postprandial (2-Hour Postprandial Glucose [2-Hour PPG], 2-Hour Postprandial Blood Sugar, 1-Hour Glucose Screen for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, O'Sullivan Test) Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD Screen, G6PD Quantification, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency [G-6-PD] DNA Sequencing) Glucose Tolerance (GT, Oral Glucose Tolerance [OGT]) Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb, GHB, Glycohemoglobin, Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], Diabetic Control Index, Glycated Protein) Growth Hormone (GH, Human Growth Hormone [HGH], Somatotropin Hormone [SH]) Growth Hormone Stimulation (GH Provocation, Insulin Tolerance [IT], Arginine) Haptoglobin Heinz Body Preparation Hematocrit (Hct, Packed Red Blood Cell Volume, Packed Cell Volume [PCV]) Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb) Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (Hgb Electrophoresis) Hepatitis Virus Studies (Hepatitis-Associated Antigen [HAA], Australian Antigen) Hexosaminidase (Hexosaminidase A, Hex A, Total Hexosaminidase, Hexosaminidase A and B) HIV Drug Resistance Testing (HIV Genotype, HIV Tropism) HIV RNA Quantification (HIV Viral Load) HIV Serologic and Virologic Testing (AIDS Serology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Serology, AIDS Screen, Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] Antibody Test, Western Blot Test, p24 Direct Antigen, HIV-RNA Viral Test) Homocysteine (HCY) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG, Pregnancy Tests, hCG Beta Subunit) Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA Antigen, HLA-B27 Antigen, Human Leukocyte A Antigen, White Blood Cell Antigens, Histocompatibility Leukocyte A Antigen) Human Placental Lactogen ([hPL], Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin [HCS]) Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus ([HTLV] I/II Antibody) 21-Hydroxylase Antibodies Immunoglobulin Quantification Insulin Assay Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1, Somatomedin C, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins [IGF BP]) Intrinsic Factor Antibody (IF ab) Iron Level (Fe), Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin, Transferrin Saturation Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) Lactic Acid (Lactate) Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase) Lactose Tolerance Lead Legionnaires Disease Antibody Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP, Aminopeptidase Cytosol) Lipase Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2, PLAC Test) Lipoproteins (High-Density Lipoproteins [HDL, HDL-C] Low-Density Lipoproteins [LDL, LDL-C], Very Low–Density Lipoproteins [VLDL], Lipoprotein Electrophoresis, Lipoprotein Phenotyping, Lipid Fractionation, Non-HDL Cholesterol, Lipid Profile) Luteinizing Hormone (LH, Lutropin) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Assay Lyme Disease Magnesium (Mg) Maternal Screen Testing (Maternal Triple Screen, Maternal Quadruple Screen) Metanephrine, Plasma Free Methemoglobin (Hemoglobin M) Microglobulin (Beta-2 Microglobulin [B2M], Alpha 1 Microglobulin, and Retinol-Binding Protein) Mononucleosis Rapid Test (Mononuclear Heterophil Test, Heterophil Antibody Test, Monospot Test) Mycoplasma pneumoniae Antibodies, IgG and IgM Myoglobin Natriuretic Peptides (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide [ANP], Brain Natriuretic Peptide [BNP], C-type Natriuretic Peptide [CNP], B-Type Natriuretic Peptide [BNP], Ventricular Natriuretic Peptide, CHF Peptides) Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Neutrophil Antibody Screen (Granulocyte Antibodies, Polymorphonucleocyte Antibodies [PMN ab], Antigranulocyte Antibodies, Antineutrophil Antibodies, Neutrophil Antibodies) Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin (NGAL, Lipocalin-2) Newborn Metabolic Screening 5'-Nucleotidase Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH, Parathormone) Partial Thromboplastin Time, Activated (aPTT, Partial Thromboplastin Time [PTT]) Parvovirus B19 Antibody Pepsinogen Pheochromocytoma Suppression and Provocative Testing (Clonidine suppression test [CST], Glucagon stimulation test) Phosphate (PO4), Phosphorus (P) Phosphatidylinositol Antigen (PI-Linked Antigen) Plasminogen (Fibrinolysin) Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Antigen/Activity (PAI-1) Platelet Aggregation Platelet Antibody (Antiplatelet Antibody Detection) Platelet Count (Thrombocyte Count) Platelet Function Assay (Platelet Closure Time, PCT, Aspirin Resistance Tests) Platelet Volume, Mean (Mean Platelet Volume [MPV]) Potassium, Blood (K) Prealbumin (PAB, Thyroxine-Binding Prealbumin [TBPA], Thyretin, Transthyretin) Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) Progesterone Assay Prolactin Level (PRL) Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Protein (Protein Electrophoresis, Immunofixation Electrophoresis [IFE], Serum Protein Electrophoresis [SPEP], Albumin, Globulin, Total Protein) Protein C, Protein S Prothrombin Time (PT, Pro-Time, International Normalized Ratio [INR]) Rabies-Neutralizing Antibody Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Count, Erythrocyte Count) Red Blood Cell Indices (RBC Indices, Mean Corpuscular Volume [MCV], Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin [MCH], Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration [MCHC], Blood Indices, Erythrocyte Indices, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width [RDW]) Renin Assay, Plasma (Renin Activity, Plasma Renin Activity [PRA], Plasma Renin Concentration [PRC]) Reticulocyte Count (Retic Count) Rheumatoid Factor (RF, Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] Factor) Ribosome P Antibodies (Ribosomal P Ab, Anti-Ribosome P Antibodies) Rubella Antibody (German Measles, Hemagglutination Inhibition [HAI]) Rubeola Antibody Septin 9 DNA Methylation Assay (Methylated Septin 9, mSEPT9, ColoVantage) Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and Chromogranin A Sickle Cell Screen (Sickledex, Hemoglobin S [Hgb S]) Sodium, Blood (Na) Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCC Antigen) Streptococcus Serologic Testing (Antistreptolysin O Titer [ASO], Antideoxyribonuclease-B Titer, [Anti-DNase – B, ADB], Streptococcus Group B Antigen Detection, Streptozyme) Syphilis Detection (Serologic Test for Syphilis [STS], Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL], Rapid Plasma Reagin [RPR], Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody [FTA]) Testosterone (Total Testosterone Serum Level) Thrombosis Indicators (Fibrin Monomers [Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs)], Fibrin Split Products [FSPs], Fibrinopeptide A [FPA], Prothrombin Fragment [F1+2]) Thyroglobulin (Tg, Thyrogen-Stimulated Thyroglobulin) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Stimulation (TSH Stimulation) Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSI, Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator [LATS], Thyroid-Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin [TBII], Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody) Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test (TRH Stimulation Test, Thyrotropin-Releasing Factor Stimulation Test [TRF Stimulation Test]) Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG, Thyroid-Binding Globulin) Thyroxine, Total and Free (T4, Thyroxine Screen, FT4) Toxoplasmosis Antibody Titer Transferrin Receptor Assay (TfR) Triglycerides (TGs) Triiodothyronine (Total T3 Radioimmunoassay [T3 by RIA], Free T3) Troponins (Cardiac-Specific Troponin T [cTnT], Cardiac-Specific Troponin I [cTnI]) Urea Nitrogen, Blood (Blood Urea Nitrogen [BUN], Serum Urea Nitrogen) Uric Acid, Blood Uroporphyrinogen-1-Synthase Vitamin B12 and Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy Vitamin D2 and D3; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) West Nile Virus Testing White Blood Cell Count and Differential Count (WBC and Differential, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophil Count, Lymphocyte Count, Monocyte Count, Eosinophil Count, Basophil Count) D-Xylose Absorption (Xylose Tolerance) Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP)

Chapter 3: Electrodiagnostic Tests

Overview Caloric Study (Oculovestibular Reflex Study) Cardiac Stress Testing (Stress Testing, Exercise Testing, Electrocardiograph [EKG] Stress Testing, Nuclear Stress Testing, Echo Stress Testing) Electrocardiography (Electrocardiogram [ECG, EKG]) Electroencephalography (Electroencephalogram [EEG]) Electromyography (EMG) Electronystagmography (ENG, Electrooculography) Electrophysiologic Study (EPS, Cardiac Mapping) Evoked Potential Studies (EP Studies, Evoked Brain Potentials, Evoked Responses, Visual-Evoked Responses [VERs], Auditory Brainstem-Evoked Potentials [ABEPs], Somatosensory-Evoked Responses [SERs]) Fetal Contraction Stress Test (CST, Oxytocin Challenge Test [OCT]) Fetal Nonstress Test (NST, Fetal Activity Determination) Holter Monitoring (Ambulatory Monitoring, Ambulatory Electrocardiography, Event Recorder) Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS, Electroneurography) Pelvic Floor Sphincter Electromyography (Pelvic Floor Sphincter EMG, Rectal EMG Procedure)

Chapter 4: Endoscopic Studies

Overview Arthroscopy Bronchoscopy Colonoscopy Colposcopy Cystoscopy (Endourology) Ductoscopy (Mammary Ductoscopy) Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP, ERCP of the Biliary and Pancreatic Ducts) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, Upper Gastrointestinal [UGI] Endoscopy, Gastroscopy) Fetoscopy Hysteroscopy Laparoscopy (Pelvic Endoscopy, Gynecologic Video Laparoscopy, Peritoneoscopy) Mediastinoscopy Sigmoidoscopy (Proctoscopy, Anoscopy) Sinus Endoscopy Thoracoscopy

Chapter 5: Fluid Analysis Studies

Overview Amniocentesis (Amniotic Fluid Analysis) Amyloid Beta Protein Precursor, Soluble (sBPP) Arthrocentesis With Synovial Fluid Analysis (Synovial Fluid Analysis, Joint Aspiration) Breast Cyst and Nipple Discharge Fluid Analysis Breast Ductal Lavage Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) Human Papillomavirus (HPV Test, HPV DNA Testing) Lumbar Puncture and Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination (LP and CSF Examination, Spinal Tap, Spinal Puncture, Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis) Pancreatic Enzymes (Pancreatic Secretory Test, Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) Paracentesis (Peritoneal Fluid Analysis, Abdominal Paracentesis, Ascitic Fluid Cytology, Peritoneal Tap) Pericardiocentesis Semen Analysis (Sperm Count, Sperm Examination, Seminal Cytology, Semen Examination) Sexual Assault Testing Sims-Huhner (Postcoital, Postcoital Cervical Mucus, Cervical Mucus Sperm Penetration) Sweat Electrolytes (Iontophoretic Sweat) Thoracentesis and Pleural Fluid Analysis (Pleural Tap)

Chapter 6: Manometric Studies

Overview Cystometry (Cystometrogram [CMG]) Esophageal Function Studies (Esophageal Manometry, Esophageal Motility Studies) Plethysmography, Arterial Tilt-Table Testing Tourniquet Test (Capillary Fragility) Urethral Pressure Profile (UPP, Urethral Pressure Measurements) Urine Flow Studies (Uroflowmetry, Urodynamic Studies)

Chapter 7: Microscopic Studies and Associated Testing

Overview Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear (AFB Smear) Blood Culture and Sensitivity (Blood C&S) Blood Smear (Peripheral Blood Smear, Red Blood Cell Morphology, RBC Smear, WBC Differential) Bone Marrow Biopsy (Bone Marrow Examination, Bone Marrow Aspiration) Breast Cancer Tumor Analysis (Breast Cancer Predictors, DNA Ploidy Status, S-Phase Fraction, Cathepsin D, HER 2 [c erbB2, neu] Protein, Ki67 Protein, p53 Protein) Cervical Biopsy (Punch Biopsy, Endocervical Biopsy, LEEP Cervical Biopsy, Cone Biopsy, Conization) Chlamydia Colon Cancer Tumor Analysis (Microsatellite Instability [MSI] Testing, DNA Mismatch Repair [MMR] Genetic Testing, BRAF Mutation Analysis, Oncotype DX Colon Cancer Assay) Endometrial Biopsy Estrogen Receptor Assay (ER Assay, ERA, Estradiol Receptor) Fungal Antibody (Antifungal Antibodies; Beta-D-glucan (1→3)-β-D-glucan, Fungitell) Herpes Simplex (Herpesvirus Types 1 and 2, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 [HSV 1 and 2], Herpes Genitalis) Liver Biopsy Lung Biopsy Pancreatobiliary FISH Testing Papanicolaou Test (Pap Test, Pap Smear, Cytologic Test for Cancer, Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology [LBCC], ThinPrep) Pleural Biopsy Progesterone Receptor Assay (PR Assay, PRA, PgR) Renal Biopsy (Kidney Biopsy) SARS Viral Testing Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing (STD Culture, Culture of Cervix, Urethra, and Anus) Skin Biopsy (Cutaneous Immunofluorescence Biopsy, Skin Biopsy Antibodies, Skin Immunohistopathology, Direct Immunofluorescence Antibody Test) Sputum Culture and Sensitivity (Sputum C&S, Sputum Culture, and Gram stain) Sputum Cytology Throat and Nose Cultures Tuberculosis Culture (TB Culture, BACTEC Method, Polymerase Chain Reaction, AFB Smear) Tuberculosis Testing (TB Testing, Interferon Gamma Release Assay [IGRA], QuantiFERON-TB Gold [QFT, QFT-G, TB Gold Test, TB Blood Test], Nucleic Acid Amplification for TB [NAAT], TB Antibody) Virus Testing Wound and Soft-Tissue Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Chapter 8: Nuclear Scanning

Overview Bone Scan Brain Scan (Cisternogram, Cerebral Blood Flow, DaT Scan) Breast Scintigraphy (Breast Scan, Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging [BSGI], Scintimammography, Miraluma Scan, Breast Scintigraphy with Breast-Specific γ-Camera (BSGC) Cardiac Nuclear Scan (Myocardial Perfusion Scan, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Myocardial Scan, Cardiac Scan, Heart Scan, Thallium Scan, MUGA Scan, Isonitrile Scan, Sestamibi Cardiac Scan, Cardiac Flow Studies, and Nuclear Stress Test) Gallbladder Nuclear Scanning (Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy, Hepatobiliary Imaging, Biliary Tract Radionuclide Scan, Cholescintigraphy, DISIDA Scanning, HIDA Scanning, IDA Gallbladder Scanning) Gallium Scan Gastric Emptying Scan Gastroesophageal Reflux Scan (GE Reflux Scan, Aspiration Scan) Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan (Abdominal Scintigraphy, GI Scintigraphy) Liver/Spleen Scanning (Liver Scanning) Lung Scan (Ventilation/Perfusion Scanning [VPS], V/Q Scan) Meckel Diverticulum Nuclear Scan Octreotide Scan (Carcinoid Nuclear Scan, MIBG Scintigraphy Neuroendocrine Nuclear Scan) Parathyroid Scan (Parathyroid Scintigraphy) Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) ProstaScint Scan (Radioimmunoscintigraphy [RIS]) Renal Scanning (Kidney Scan, Radiorenography, Renography, Radionuclide Renal Imaging, Nuclear Imaging of the Kidney, DSMA Renal Scan, DTPA Renal Scan, Captopril Renal Scan) Salivary Gland Nuclear Imaging (Parotid Gland Nuclear Imaging) Scrotal Nuclear Imaging (Scrotal Scan, Testicular Imaging) Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB, Lymphoscintigraphy) Thyroid Scanning (Thyroid Scintiscan) Total Blood Volume (TBV, Red Blood Cell [RBC] Volume) WBC Scan (Inflammatory Scan)

Chapter 9: Stool Tests

Overview Apt Test (Downey Test, Qualitative Fetal Hemoglobin Stool Test, Stool for Swallowed Blood) Clostridium difficile Testing (C. diff., Clostridial Toxin Assay) Fecal Fat (Fat Absorption, Quantitative Stool Fat Determination) Lactoferrin Stool Culture (Stool for Culture and Sensitivity [Stool C&S], Stool for Ova and Parasites [O&P]) Stool for Occult Blood (Stool for OB, Fecal Occult Blood Test [FOBT], Fecal Immunochemical Test [FIT], DNA Stool Sample)

Chapter 10: Ultrasound Studies

Overview Abdominal Ultrasonography (Abdominal Sonography; Echography; Ultrasonography of the Kidney, Liver, Pancreatobiliary System, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Biliary Tree) Breast Ultrasonography (Ultrasound Mammography Breast Sonogram) Carotid Artery Duplex Scan (Carotid Ultrasound) Contraceptive Device Localization (Intrauterine Device [IUD] Localization) Echocardiography (Cardiac Echography, Heart Sonography, Transthoracic Echocardiography [TTE]) Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP) Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Ocular and Orbit Ultrasonography Pelvic Ultrasonography (Obstetric Echography, Pregnant Uterus Ultrasonography, Pelvic Ultrasonography in Pregnancy, Obstetric Ultrasonography, Vaginal Ultrasonography) Prostate and Rectal Sonography Scrotal Ultrasonography (Ultrasound of Testes) Thyroid Ultrasonography (Thyroid Echography, Thyroid Sonography) Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) Vascular Ultrasound Studies (Venous/Arterial Doppler Ultrasound, Venous/Arterial Duplex Scan)

Chapter 11: Urine Studies

Overview Amylase, Urine Bence-Jones Protein (Free Kappa and Lambda Light Chains) 11 Beta-Prostaglandin F(2) Alpha, Urine Bladder Cancer Markers (Bladder Tumor Antigen [BTA], Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 [NMP22]) Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs, N-Telopeptide [NTx], Bone Collagen Equivalents [BCEs], Osteocalcin [Bone G1a Protein, BGP, Osteocalc], Pyridinium [PYD] Crosslinks, Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase [BSAP], Amino-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen [P1 NP], C-Telopeptide [CTx]) Chloride, Urine (CI) Cortisol, Urine (Hydrocortisone, Urine Cortisol, Free Cortisol) Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid (Aminolevulinic Acid [ALA], δ-ALA) Glucose, Urine (Urine Sugar) 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OCHS) 5-Hydroxindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) 17-Ketosteroid (17-KS) Microalbumin (MA) Microglobulin (Beta-2 Microglobulin [B2M], Alpha 1 Microglobulin, and Retinol-Binding Protein) Nicotine and Metabolites (Nicotine, Cotinine, 3-Hydroxy-Cotinine, Nornicotine, Anabasine) Osmolality, Urine Porphyrins and Porphobilinogens (Uroporphyrins, Coproporphyrin, Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin [FEP]) Potassium, Urine (K) Pregnanediol Sodium, Urine (Na) Substance Abuse Testing (Urine Drug Testing, Drug Screening) Toxicology Uric Acid, Urine Urinalysis (UA) Urinary Stone Analysis (Renal Calculus Analysis) Urine Culture and Sensitivity (Urine C&S) Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA), Homovanillic Acid (HVA), and Catecholamines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Metanephrine, Normetanephrine, Dopamine) Water Deprivation (Antidiuretic Hormone [ADH] Stimulation)

Chapter 12: X-Ray Studies

Overview Arteriography (Angiography; Renal, Mesenteric, Adrenal, Cerebral, and Lower Extremity Arteriography) Barium Enema (BE, Lower GI Series) Barium Swallow (Esophagogram) Bone Densitometry (Bone Mineral Content [BMC], Bone Absorptiometry, Bone Mineral Density [BMD], DEXA Scan) Bone (Long) X-Rays Cardiac Catheterization (Coronary Angiography, Angiocardiography, Ventriculography) Chest X-Ray (CXR) Computed Tomography, Abdomen and Pelvis (CAT Scan, Abdomen and Pelvis; CT Scan, Abdomen and Pelvis; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Abdomen and Pelvis; CT Angiography; CT Colonoscopy; Virtual Colonoscopy) Computed Tomography, Brain (CT scan, Brain; Computerized Axial Transverse Tomography [CATT]; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Brain) Computed Tomography, Chest (Chest CT Scan; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Chest) Computed Tomography, Heart (Coronary CT Angiography, Coronary Calcium Score) Cystography (Cystourethrography, Voiding, Cystography, Voiding Cystourethrography) Hysterosalpingography (Uterotubography, Uterosalpingography, Hysterogram) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-Ray (KUB, Flat Plate of the Abdomen, Plain Film of the Abdomen, Scout Film) Mammography (Mammogram, Digital Mammography) Myelography (Myelogram, CT Myelography) Obstruction Series Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC, PTHC) Pyelography (Intravenous Pyelography [IVP], Excretory Urography [EUG], Intravenous Urography [IUG, IVU], Retrograde Pyelography, Antegrade Pyelography) Sialography Skull X-Ray Small Bowel Follow-Through (SBF, Small Bowel Enema) Spinal X-Rays (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, or Coccygeal X-Ray Studies) Swallowing Examination (Videofluoroscopy Swallowing Examination) T-Tube and Operative Cholangiography Upper Gastrointestinal Tract X-Ray (Upper GI Series, UGI) Venography (Phlebography, Venogram)

Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Studies

Overview Allergy Skin Testing Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Potential Complications Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Test Bioterrorism Infectious Agents Testing (Botulism, Anthrax, Hemorrhagic Fever, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia, Brucellosis) Indications Test Explanation Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Breast Cancer Genomics (Oncotype DX Genotyping, MammaPrint) Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significances Related Tests Cell Culture Drug Resistance Testing (CCDRT, Chemosensitivity Assay, Drug Response Assay) Indications Test Explanation Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS, Chorionic Villus Biopsy [CVB]) Indications Test Explanation Potential Complications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Fluorescein Angiography (FA, Ocular Photography) Indications Test Explanation Potential Complications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Genetic Testing (Breast Cancer [BRCA] and Ovarian Cancer, Colon Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Tay-Sachs Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Melanoma, Hemochromatosis, Thyroid Cancer, Paternity [Parentage Analysis] and Forensic Genetic Testing) Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Helicobacter pylori Testing (Campylobacter pylori, Anti–Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G [IgG] Antibody, Campylobacter-Like Organism [CLO] Test, Rapid Urease Test, H. pylori Antigen Stool Test, Urea Breath Test [UBT, H. pylori breath test]) Indications Test Explanation Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Laboratory Genetics Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging [NMRI]) Indications Test Explanation Potential Complications Contraindications Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Test Oximetry (Pulse Oximetry, Ear Oximetry, Oxygen Saturation) Critical Values Indications Test Explanation Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Potential Complications Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Sleep Studies (Polysomnography [PSG], Multiple Sleep Latency Tests [MSLT], Multiple Wake Test [MWT]) Indications Test Explanation Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Tuberculin Skin Testing (TST, Tuberculin Test, Mantoux Test, PPD Test) Indications Test Explanation Contraindications Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related Tests Urea Breath Test (UBT, H. pylori breath test) Indications Test Explanation Interfering Factors Procedure and Patient Care Test Results and Clinical Significance Related tests

Bibliography Illustration Credits Appendix A: Alphabetical List of Tests Appendix B: List of Tests by Body System Appendix C: Panel Testing Appendix D: Abbreviations for Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests Index

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