Torture and Democracy by Rejali, Darius M. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction

Historical Claims Puzzles and Cautions The Priority of Public Monitoring Variations among States Variations within States National Styles of Stealth Torture Torture and Democracy Does Torture Work? Who Cares?

I Torture and Democracy

1 Modern Torture and Its Observers

Defining Torture Monitoring Torture

2 Torture and Democracy

The National Security Model The Juridical Model The Civic Discipline Model Hell Is in the Details

II Remembering Stalinism and Nazism

Introduction 3 Lights, Heat, and Sweat

Sweating and Stealth in America British Psychological Techniques Interrogation Elsewhere in Europe Sweating and Stealth in Russia The Spread of the Russian Style Remembering Pavlov

4 Whips and Water

Labussière’s List Documenting Nazi Torture Torture in Germany Torture in Nazi-Occupied Europe Remembering the War

5 Bathtubs

Masuy’s Bathtub Marty’s Magneto The French Gestapo and Electric Torture The Decline of Sweating and Stealth The German Gestapo and Modern Torture Remembering Nuremberg The Search for Electric Torture

III A History of Electric Stealth

6 Shock

The AC/DC Controversy and the Electric Chair The Mystery of Electric Death Early Police Devices The Mystery of Shock Early Medical Devices Transmitting Shock Later Medical Devices Remembering the Animals

7 Magnetos

What Is a Magneto? Indochina, 1931 Out of Indochina Korea, 1931 Out of Korea The Lost History of the Magneto French and British Electrotorture after World War II The Colonial Police and Wuillaume’s List The Triumph of the Gégène Algeria, 1960 Remembering the Gestapo

8 Currents

South Vietnamese Torture Vietnam, 1968 Bell Telephone Hour Out of Vietnam Again Variation within the French Style Cattle Prods The Electric Cornucopia Remembering Vietnam

9 Singing the World Electric

When Electrotorture Was New Explaining Clean Electrotorture Crafting Electrotorture Surging Forward The Americas Middle East and North Africa Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Europe and Central Asia Explaining the Surge Remembering the Cold War

10 Prods, Tasers, and Stun Guns

Electric Utopia Electric-Free Protest Stun Technology Covering America Remembering Eutopia

11 Stun City

Magneto Torture in Chicago Stun and Torture Tasers and Torture Burning Issues Stun and Democracy But No One Died Civic Shock Welcome to Stun City

IV Other Stealth Traditions

Introduction 12 Sticks and Bones

Clean Whipping Paddles Beating Feet Remembering Slaves and Sailors

13 Water, Sleep, and Spice

Pumping Choking Showers and Ice Salt and Spice Deprivation of Sleep Remembering the Inquisition

14 Stress and Duress

Great and Lesser Stress Traditions British Stress Tortures French Stress Tortures American Stress Tortures Authoritarian Adaptations Remembering the Eighteenth Century

15 Forced Standing and Other Positions

Old Users after the War Positional Tortures in the Communist World Positional Tortures in the Non-Communist World The Universal Distributor Hypothesis Revisited Remembering the Hooded Men

16 Fists and Exercises

Clean Beating Adapting “the Necktie” Exhaustion Exercises Remembering the Grunts and the Cops

17 Old and New Restraints

Bucking (the Parrot’s Perch) The Crapaudine 349 Standing Handcuffs Sweatboxes Adapting Old Restraints The Shabeh Remembering the Allied POWs

18 Noise

Low-Technology Noise High-Technology Noise The CIA and Sensory Deprivation Boxes Beyond the Laboratory Principles and Guinea Pigs Remembering Evil

19 Drugs and Doctors

Police and Drugs The CIA and Drugs The Decline of Pharmacological Torture Soviet Pharmacological Torture Communist Pyschoprisons Lines of Defense Remembering the Prison Doctors

V Politics and Memory

20 Supply and Demand for Clean Torture

Historical Claims The Priority of Public Monitoring Variations among and within States National Styles of Stealth Torture The Strength of Low Technology The Power of Whispers Why Styles Change Disciplinary Interventions The Demand for Torture

21 Does Torture Work?

Can Torture Be Scientific? Can Torture Be Restrained? Does Technology Help? Can Torture Be Professionally Conducted? Works Better Than What? Is Anything Better Than Nothing? How Well Do Interrogators Spot the Truth? How Well Do Cooperative Prisoners Remember? How Good Is the Intelligence Overall? Even When Time Is Short? Remembering the Questions

22 What the Apologists Say

Remembering the Battle of Algiers Information in the Battle of Algiers French Interrogation Units Coerced Information in the Algerian War Saving Innocents, Losing Wars Gestapo Stories Stories from the Resistance CIA Stories The Interrogation of Al Qaeda Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo Afghanistan Testimonial Literature from Other Conflicts Remembering Abu Ghraib

23 Why Governments Don’t Learn

How Knowledge Does Not Accumulate How Knowledge Is Not Analyzed How Torture Warrants Might Help Regulating Torture Variations in Regulative Failure Stealth and the Regulation of Torture How Knowledge Does Not Matter Remembering the Soldiers

24 The Great Age of Torture in Modern Memory

The Great Rift The Architecture of Amnesia The Designs of Genius Demons in the City Algerian Souvenirs Caring for the Memories

Appendixes

A A List of Clean Tortures B Issues of Method C Organization and Explanations D A Note on Sources for American Torture during the Vietnam War

Notes Selected Bibliography Index

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