OCA/OCP Java SE 7 Programmer I & II Study Guide (Exams 1Z0-803 & 1Z0-804) by Sierra, Kathy -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Contributors Acknowledgments Preface Introduction Part I OCA and OCP

1 Declarations and Access Control

Java Refresher Identifiers and Keywords (OCA Objectives 1.2 and 2.1)

Legal Identifiers Oracle’s Java Code Conventions

Define Classes (OCA Objectives 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 6.6, and 7.6)

Source File Declaration Rules Using the javac and java Commands Using public static void main(String[ ] args) Import Statements and the Java API Static Import Statements Class Declarations and Modifiers Exercise 1-1: Creating an Abstract Superclass and Concrete Subclass

Use Interfaces (OCA Objective 7.6)

Declaring an Interface Declaring Interface Constants

Declare Class Members (OCA Objectives 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1, 4.2, 6.2, and 6.6)

Access Modifiers Nonaccess Member Modifiers Constructor Declarations Variable Declarations

Declare and Use enums (OCA Objective 1.2 and OCP Objective 2.5)

Declaring enums Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

2 Object Orientation

Encapsulation (OCA Objectives 6.1 and 6.7) Inheritance and Polymorphism (OCA Objectives 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3)

IS-A HAS-A

Polymorphism (OCA Objectives 7.2 and 7.3) Overriding / Overloading (OCA Objectives 6.1, 6.3, 7.2, and 7.3)

Overridden Methods Overloaded Methods

Casting (OCA Objectives 7.3 and 7.4) Implementing an Interface (OCA Objective 7.6) Legal Return Types (OCA Objectives 2.2, 2.5, 6.1, and 6.3)

Return Type Declarations Returning a Value

Constructors and Instantiation (OCA Objectives 6.4, 6.5, and 7.5)

Determine Whether a Default Constructor Will Be Created Overloaded Constructors Initialization Blocks

Statics (OCA Objective 6.2)

Static Variables and Methods Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

3 Assignments

Stack and Heap—Quick Review Literals, Assignments, and Variables (OCA Objectives 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and Upgrade Objective 1.2)

Literal Values for All Primitive Types Assignment Operators Exercise 3-1: Casting Primitives

Scope (OCA Objectives 1.1 and 2.5) Variable Initialization (OCA Objective 2.1)

Using a Variable or Array Element That Is Uninitialized and Unassigned Local (Stack, Automatic) Primitives and Objects

Passing Variables into Methods (OCA Objective 6.8)

Passing Object Reference Variables Does Java Use Pass-By-Value Semantics? Passing Primitive Variables

Garbage Collection (OCA Objective 2.4)

Overview of Memory Management and Garbage Collection Overview of Java’s Garbage Collector Writing Code That Explicitly Makes Objects Eligible for Collection Exercise 3-2: Garbage Collection Experiment Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

4 Operators

Java Operators (OCA Objectives 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3)

Assignment Operators Relational Operators instanceof Comparison Arithmetic Operators Conditional Operator Logical Operators Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

5 Working with Strings, Arrays, and ArrayLists

Using String and StringBuilder (OCA Objectives 2.7 and 2.6)

The String Class Important Facts About Strings and Memory Important Methods in the String Class The StringBuilder Class Important Methods in the StringBuilder Class

Using Arrays (OCA Objectives 4.1 and 4.2)

Declaring an Array Constructing an Array Initializing an Array

Using ArrayList (OCA Objective 4.3)

When to Use ArrayLists ArrayList Methods in Action Important Methods in the ArrayList Class Encapsulation for Reference Variables Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

6 Flow Control and Exceptions

Using if and switch Statements (OCA Objectives 3.4 and 3.5—also Upgrade Objective 1.1)

if-else Branching switch Statements (OCA, OCP, and Upgrade Topic)

Exercise 6-1: Creating a switch-case Statement Creating Loops Constructs (OCA Objectives 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5)

Using while Loops Using do Loops Using for Loops Using break and continue Unlabeled Statements Labeled Statements

Exercise 6-2: Creating a Labeled while Loop Handling Exceptions (OCA Objectives 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4)

Catching an Exception Using try and catch Using finally Propagating Uncaught Exceptions

Exercise 6-3: Propagating and Catching an Exception

Defining Exceptions Exception Hierarchy Handling an Entire Class Hierarchy of Exceptions Exception Matching Exception Declaration and the Public Interface Rethrowing the Same Exception Exercise 6-4: Creating an Exception

Common Exceptions and Errors (OCA Objective 8.5)

Where Exceptions Come From JVM Thrown Exceptions Programmatically Thrown Exceptions A Summary of the Exam’s Exceptions and Errors End of Part I—OCA Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

Part II OCP

7 Assertions and Java 7 Exceptions

Working with the Assertion Mechanism (OCP Objective 6.5)

Assertions Overview Enabling Assertions Using Assertions Appropriately

Working with Java 7 Exception Handling (OCP Objectives 6.2 and 6.3)

Use the try Statement with multi-catch and finally Clauses Autocloseable Resources with a try-with-resources Statement Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

8 String Processing, Data Formatting, Resource Bundles

String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer (OCP Objective 5.1) Dates, Numbers, Currencies, and Locales (OCP Objectives 12.1, 12.4, 12.5, and 12.6)

Working with Dates, Numbers, and Currencies

Parsing, Tokenizing, and Formatting (OCP Objectives 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3)

A Search Tutorial Locating Data via Pattern Matching Tokenizing Formatting with printf() and format()

Resource Bundles (OCP Objectives 12.2, 12.3, and 12.5)

Resource Bundles Property Resource Bundles Java Resource Bundles Default Locale Choosing the Right Resource Bundle Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

9 I/O and NIO

File Navigation and I/O (OCP Objectives 7.1 and 7.2)

Creating Files Using the File Class Using FileWriter and FileReader Combining I/O Classes Working with Files and Directories The java.io.Console Class

Files, Path, and Paths (OCP Objectives 8.1 and 8.2)

Creating a Path Creating Files and Directories Copying, Moving, and Deleting Files Retrieving Information about a Path Normalizing a Path Resolving a Path Relativizing a Path

File and Directory Attributes (OCP Objective 8.3)

Reading and Writing Attributes the Easy Way Types of Attribute Interfaces Working with BasicFileAttributes Working with DosFileAttributes Working with PosixFileAttributes Reviewing Attributes

DirectoryStream (OCP Objective 8.4) FileVisitor (OCP Objective 8.4) PathMatcher (OCP Objective 8.5) WatchService (OCP Objective 8.6) Serialization (Objective 7.2)

Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

10 Advanced OO and Design Patterns

IS-A and HAS-A (OCP Objectives 3.3 and 3.4) Coupling and Cohesion

Coupling Cohesion

Object Composition Principles (OCP Objective 3.4)

Polymorphism Benefits of Composition

Singleton Design Pattern (OCP Objective 3.5)

What Is a Design Pattern? Problem Solution Benefits

DAO Design Pattern (OCP Objective 3.6)

Problem Solution Benefits

Factory Design Pattern (OCP Objective 3.7)

Problem Solution Benefits Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

11 Generics and Collections

toString(), hashCode(), and equals() (OCP Objectives 4.7 and 4.8)

The toString() Method Overriding equals() Overriding hashCode()

Collections Overview (OCP Objectives 4.5 and 4.6)

So What Do You Do with a Collection? Key Interfaces and Classes of the Collections Framework List Interface Set Interface Map Interface Queue Interface

Using Collections (OCP Objectives 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8)

ArrayList Basics Autoboxing with Collections The Java 7 “Diamond” Syntax Sorting Collections and Arrays Navigating (Searching) TreeSets and TreeMaps Other Navigation Methods Backed Collections Using the PriorityQueue Class and the Deque Interface Method Overview for Arrays and Collections Method Overview for List, Set, Map, and Queue

Generic Types (OCP Objectives 4.1 and 4.3)

The Legacy Way to Do Collections Generics and Legacy Code Mixing Generic and Nongeneric Collections Polymorphism and Generics Generic Methods Generic Declarations Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

12 Inner Classes

Nested Classes (OCP Objective 2.4) Inner Classes

Coding a “Regular” Inner Class Referencing the Inner or Outer Instance from Within the Inner Class

Method-Local Inner Classes

What a Method-Local Inner Object Can and Can’t Do

Anonymous Inner Classes

Plain-Old Anonymous Inner Classes, Flavor One Plain-Old Anonymous Inner Classes, Flavor Two Argument-Defined Anonymous Inner Classes

Static Nested Classes

Instantiating and Using Static Nested Classes Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

13 Threads

Defining, Instantiating, and Starting Threads (OCP Objective 10.1)

Defining a Thread Instantiating a Thread Starting a Thread

Thread States and Transitions (OCP Objective 10.2)

Thread States Preventing Thread Execution Sleeping Exercise 13-1: Creating a Thread and Putting It to Sleep Thread Priorities and yield( )

Synchronizing Code, Thread Problems (OCP Objectives 10.3 and 10.4)

Synchronization and Locks Exercise 13-2: Synchronizing a Block of Code Thread Deadlock

Thread Interaction (OCP Objectives 10.3 and 10.4)

Using notifyAll( ) When Many Threads May Be Waiting Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers Exercise Answers

14 Concurrency

Concurrency with the java.util.concurrent Package Apply Atomic Variables and Locks (OCP Objective 11.2)

Atomic Variables Locks

Use java.util.concurrent Collections (OCP Objective 11.1) and Use a Deque (OCP Objective 4.5)

Copy-on-Write Collections Concurrent Collections Blocking Queues

Use Executors and ThreadPools (OCP Objective 11.3)

Identifying Parallel Tasks How Many Threads Can You Run? CPU-Intensive vs. I/O-Intensive Tasks Fighting for a Turn Decoupling Tasks from Threads

Use the Parallel Fork/Join Framework (OCP Objective 11.4)

Divide and Conquer ForkJoinPool ForkJoinTask Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

15 JDBC

Starting Out: Introduction to Databases and JDBC

Talking to a Database Bob’s Books, Our Test Database

Core Interfaces of the JDBC API (OCP Objective 9.1) Connect to a Database Using DriverManager (OCP Objective 9.2)

The DriverManager Class The JDBC URL JDBC Driver Implementation Versions

Submit Queries and Read Results from the Database (OCP Objective 9.3)

All of Bob’s Customers Statements ResultSets Updating ResultSets (Not on the Exam!) When Things Go Wrong—Exceptions and Warnings

Use PreparedStatement and CallableStatement Objects (OCP Objective 9.6)

PreparedStatement CallableStatement

Construct and Use RowSet Objects (OCP Objective 9.5)

Working with RowSets

JDBC Transactions (OCP Objective 9.4)

JDBC Transaction Concepts Starting a Transaction Context in JDBC Rolling Back a Transaction Using Savepoints with JDBC Two-Minute Drill

Q&A Self Test

Self Test Answers

Appendix A Serialization Appendix B Classpaths and JARs Appendix C About the Download Index

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