Cancer Explained by Fox, Richard -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover About the Author Title Page Copyright Page Imprint Page Contents Foreword to First Edition by Dr James Wright Foreword to Second Edition by Professor Ian Frazer Comments of the former Chairman of the NSW Cancer Council Preface to First Editions Preface to Second Editions Section 1: Questions commonly asked about cancer

What is cancer?

Types of cancer

Are all tumours malignant? Is cancer always dangerous? How common is cancer? What causes cancer? Who is at risk? Is cancer contagious? Does heredity play a part? Does age play a part? Are some people more likely to develop cancer than others? Does gender play a part? Does diet play a part?

Fat and breast cancer Fat and bowel cancer Fat and prostate cancer Fibre and bowel cancer Other dietary factors

Does race play a part? Does geographical location play a part? Does environment play a part? Does occupation play a part? Do habits and lifestyle play a part? Do psychological factors, stress or emotion play a part? Can cancer be prevented?

Section 2: Presentation, tests and treatments for cancer

What are the symptoms of cancer?

Local symptoms General symptoms Symptoms of secondary (metastatic) cancer

Signs of cancer Which tests help in detecting cancer?

Common screening tests Organ imaging tests Endoscopic examinations Flexible scopes Blood and serum tests Biopsy

Can cancer be cured? What treatments are available?

Cancer prevention Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Simultaneous chemo/radiotherapy

Other important treatments

Hormone therapy Immunotherapy Monoclonal antibodies Small-molecule target inhibitors

Some treatments under study

Heat therapy Laser surgery Cryosurgery Photodynamic therapy Anti-angiogenesis

General healthcare in patients with cancer Treatment of complications and palliative care Pain relief Psychotherapy and spiritual help Palliative care Follow-up care Unorthodox and fringe medicine Legalising voluntary euthanasia

Section 3: Some common cancers

Skin cancers

BCC SCC Melanoma

Lung cancer

Symptoms and signs Investigations Treatment Mesothelioma Secondary (metastatic) cancer involving the lung

Breast cancer

Symptoms and signs Investigations Treatment Prevention Early breast cancer Locally advanced breast cancer Metastatic breast cancer Breast prosthesis and reconstruction

Cancers of the digestive system

Cancer of the oesophagus Cancer of the stomach Cancer of the liver Cancer of the gall bladder and bile ducts Cancer of the pancreas Cancer of the small intestine Cancer of the large bowel Cancer of the anus

Cancers of the head and neck

Cancers of the lips Cancers of the floor of the mouth (under the tongue), anterior two-thirds of the tongue and buccal mucosa (inside the cheek) Cancers in the posterior third of the tongue, tonsillar region and pharynx Cancers of the post-nasal space (back of the nose) Cancer of the larynx Salivary-gland cancers Cancer of the thyroid gland

Cancers of the female sexual organs

Cancer of the uterus Cancer of the ovary Cancer of the vulva

Cancer of the male sexual organs

Cancer of the testis Cancer of the prostate

Cancers of the bladder and kidneys

Bladder cancer Cancers of the kidney

Cancers of the brain

Symptoms and signs Investigations Treatment

The leukaemias and lymphomas

The leukaemias The lymphomas

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Classification-pathological types

Malignant tumours of bone and cartilage

Osteosarcoma Osteoclastoma (central giant cell tumour of bone) Ewing’s tumour Multiple myeloma Chondrosarcoma

Metastatic (secondary) cancer

Section 4: Where do we go from here?

The future Prevention

Diet and changes in lifestyle Open-mindedness towards ‘alternative’ and naturopathic practices Improved environmental and industrial laws and practices Improved cancer screening

Early detection and treatment: improved diagnostic techniques Improved agents and more effective use of chemotherapy Improvements in radiotherapy Heat therapy and cryosurgery Immunotherapy Genetic engineering Targeted small-molecule signal inhibitors Improved palliative care Hope for the future

Glossary Acknowledgements Index of Searchable Terms

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