Losing Ground by Murray, Charles -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page A Note on Presentation Preface Introduction to the 2015 Edition Prologue

1950 1968 1981

Part I: A Generous Revolution

1: The Kennedy Transition

1950–57: Last Years of the Traditional Consensus 1958–60: Strains in the Consensus Modern Republicans and Lower-Case Liberals “A Hand, Not a Handout”

2: “The System Is to Blame”

The Triumph of the Economy The Discovery of Structural Poverty The Civil Rights Movement Moves North Hard Noses and Soft Data

3: Implementing the Elite Wisdom

An Elite Wisdom The New Premises The New Alms The Reforms

Part II: Being Poor, Being Black: 1950–1980

4: Poverty

“Of Course Progress Stopped—The Economy Went Bad” “Of Course Progress Stopped—Because of the Old People” “Progress Didn’t Really Stop—Blacks Kept Gaining” “Progress Didn’t Really Stop—The Poverty Measure Is Misleading” The Most Damning Statistic: Latent Poverty “It Would Have Been Worse Otherwise” Summary of the Federal Effort

5: Employment

Jobs as the Magic Bullet Black Unemployment Rates: A Peculiarly Localized Problem Black Youth versus White Youth: Losing Ground The Anomalous Plunge in Black Labor Force Participation A Question of Generations Escaping Stereotypes

6: Wages and Occupations

Occupational Gains Income of Full-Time Workers

7: Education

The Federal Dollars Quantity I: Enrollment in High School Quantity II: College and Beyond Quality: What Has Been Learned? Looking Up: Progress Until the Mid-1960s The State of Black Education by 1980 Educational Achievement: The Average High School Graduate Educational Achievement: The College-Bound

8: Crime

Crime from 1950 to 1980: An Overview The Criminals The Victims

9: The Family

Choosing Measures Illegitimate Births “Female Householder, No Husband Present” Family Composition and Poverty

10: The View from 1966

Part III: Interpreting the Data

11: The Social Scientists and the Great Experiment

The Social Scientists Go to Washington The Negative Income Tax Experiment

12: Incentives to Fail I: Maximizing Short-Term Gains

Dramatis Personae Options in 1960 Options in 1970 What About Work Incentives? Timing of the Changes in Incentives A Predictable Trendline

13: Incentives to Fail II: Crime and Education

Crime Education Misdirected Synergism Present Sticks, and a Distant Carrot

14: The Destruction of Status Rewards

The Homogenization of the Poor The Policy Implications of Homogenization The Role of the Means-Tested Programs Status and Upward Mobility

Part IV: Rethinking Social Policy

15: What Do We Want to Accomplish?

“Why Give Anything at All?” Robbing Peter to Pay Paul: Transfers from Poor to Poor The Net Happiness Challenge

16: The Constraints on Helping

A Thought Experiment Laws of Social Programs

17: Choosing a Future

A Proposal for Social Policy and Race A Proposal for Education A Proposal for Public Welfare The Ideal of Opportunity Escapism

Appendix: The Data Notes

Prologue Part I Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Part II Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16

Glossary of Source Abbreviations Bibliography Index

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