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Index
Cover page
Halftitle page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Preface
List of illustrations
Chapter 1: Genes before 1944
Biology of heredity
The 20th century
DNA
The chemical nature of the gene
Chapter 2: Genes as DNA
The double helix
What is a gene?
Genomics
How genes make animals
The human genome
Chapter 3: Mutations and gene variants
Mutations
Gene variants in populations
Cystic fibrosis
Haemophilia
Achondroplasia
Holt-Oram syndrome
Genetic predisposition and cancer
More complex genetic variation
Chapter 4: Genes as markers
Forensic identification
Ancestry and migration
Geographical history of humanity
Race
Chapter 5: Genes of small effect
Heritability
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
Human height
Serious mental illness
IQ
Chapter 6: Genes in evolution
Neutral evolution
Classification of organisms
Implications of natural selection
Problematic types of selection
Sex
Altruism
Universal characters ascribed to ‘genes’
Conclusion: the varied concepts of the gene
Further reading
Index
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