Advanced Rails by Ediger, Brad -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Advanced Rails

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Prerequisites Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples How to Contact Us Safari® Books Online Acknowledgments

1. Foundational Techniques

What Is Metaprogramming?

Don't Repeat Yourself Caveats Bottom-Up Programming

Ruby Foundations

Classes and Modules Method Lookup

The rules Class inheritance Class instantiation Including modules The singleton class Singleton classes of class objects Method missing

Metaid Variable Lookup Blocks, Methods, and Procs

Blocks to Procs and Procs to blocks Closures

Metaprogramming Techniques

Delaying Method Lookup Until Runtime Generative Programming: Writing Code On-the-Fly Continuations Bindings Introspection and ObjectSpace: Examining Data and Methods at Runtime

ObjectSpace

Delegation with Proxy Classes

DelegateClass and Forwardable

Monkeypatching Disadvantages of monkeypatching Adding Functionality to Existing Methods

Subclassing Aspect-oriented programming Method chaining

Modulization

Functional Programming

Higher-Order Functions Enumerable

Predicates Filters Transformers Aggregators Other

Enumerator

Examples

Runtime Feature Changes Rails Routing Code

Further Reading

2. ActiveSupport and RailTies

Ruby You May Have Missed

Array Dir Enumerable File Hash Kernel Module Proc String

How to Read Code

How to Locate Code Reading the Call Stack Debugging Ruby and Rails

Debugging Rails with ruby-debug

Where to Start

Pick something interesting Start at the top

Read the Tests Stay Current

ActiveSupport

Dependencies Deprecation

Deprecated instance variables

Inflector JSON Whiny Nil

Core Extensions

Array

Conversions Grouping Option processing Random selection

Blank Class Attribute Accessors Class Inheritable Attributes Date and Time

Conversions Conversions from Numeric Time calculations

Enumerable Exception File Float Hash

Conversions Option processing HashWithIndifferentAccess

Integer Kernel

Daemonize Reporting

Module

Aliasing Delegation Introspection

Numeric Conversions Object

instance_exec Miscellaneous methods

Range String

Inflector String i18n Miscellaneous methods

Symbol#to_proc TimeZone

RailTies

Rails Configuration Application Initialization in 20 Easy Steps Request Dispatch

Further Reading

3. Rails Plugins

About Plugins

Plugin Loading Installing Rails Plugins

RaPT Piston Decentralized version control

Writing Plugins Plugin Examples

Account Location SSL Requirement HTTP Authentication

Testing Plugins

Testing Plugin Database Dependencies

Further Reading

4. Database

Database Management Systems

PostgreSQL MySQL SQLite Microsoft SQL Server Oracle

Large/Binary Objects

Database Storage

PostgreSQL MySQL Oracle

Filesystem Storage Sending Data with X-Sendfile

Web server configuration

Serving Static Files Managing Uploads in Rails

Attachment plugins Rolling your own Upload progress

Advanced Database Features

Application Versus Integration Databases Constraints Composite Keys Triggers, Rules, and Stored Procedures Examples

Large object deletion Data partitioning

Connecting to Multiple Databases

Magic Multi-Connections

Caching Load Balancing and High Availability

MySQL

Replication MySQL cluster

PostgreSQL

High availability: Warm standby Master-slave replication: Slony-I Multimaster replication: PGCluster

Oracle Microsoft SQL Server

LDAP

ActiveLDAP Authenticating with LDAP

Further Reading

5. Security

Application Issues

Authentication

Password hashing in Rails

Don't Trust the Client

Form processing Hidden form fields Client-side validation Cookies Double-check everything

Secure Fallback Avoid Security Through Obscurity Secure Your Error Messages Whitelist, Don't Blacklist

Web Issues

Rails Sessions

Cookie-based sessions

Cross-Site Scripting

Mitigation Whitelisting

Cross-Site Request Forgery

CSRF mitigation

Canonicalization: What's in a Name?

SQL Injection Ruby's Environment

Using the Shell Object Tainting

Further Reading

6. Performance

Measurement Tools

Black-Box Analysis

Statistics: The least you need to know Black-box analysis with httperf

Code Timing Rails Analyzer Tools

Production log analyzer Action profiler Rails Analyzer Tools

Rails Optimization Example

Profiling an Action Optimizing and Reprofiling Benchmarking

Running the benchmark Interpreting the results

ActiveRecord Performance

Diving into SQL 1+N Problem Indexing

Foreign key indexes Other indexes Full-text indexing Spatial indexes Updating index statistics

Database Performance Measurement

Examining the query plan

Architectural Scalability

Sessions

ActiveRecordStore MemCacheStore CookieStore Session management

Caching

Page caching Action caching Fragment caching Cache sweepers

Other Systems

Choosing the Right Tool

Leveraging external programs Writing inline C code

ActionMailer

Further Reading

7. REST, Resources, and Web Services

What Is REST?

Verbs GET PUT DELETE POST Resources

Name opacity

Representations and Content Types

Selecting a representation

Statelessness

HTTP state Why statelessness? Resourceful session state: An example Authentication

Benefits of a RESTful Architecture

Conceptual Simplicity Caching and Scalability Robustness to Change Uniformity

RESTful Rails

RESTful Routing Resource-Based Named Routes

Custom resource routes Nested resource routes Singleton resource routes

ActionView Support

Method emulation

Content Types HTTP Caching

Custom caching

HTTP Response Status Codes ActiveResource: Consuming RESTful Services Action Web Service

Case Study: Amazon S3

Concepts and Terminology Authentication

Alternative authentication options

Architecture and Operations S3 Clients and Servers

Further Reading

8. i18n and L10n

Locale Character Encodings

ASCII

Extended ASCII Problems with ASCII

Unicode

Unicode Transformation Formats

Rails and Unicode

Multilingualization in Ruby 1.9 ActiveSupport::Multibyte Unicode Normalization Filtering UTF-8 Input Storing UTF-8

MySQL PostgreSQL

Serving UTF-8 Character Set Conversion

JavaScript URI encoding and UTF-8

Rails L10n

Interface/Resource Translation

gettext Gibberish Globalize

Locale-Specific Settings Model Translation Globalize Example: An Address Book

Localizing the address book

Further Reading

9. Incorporating and Extending Rails

Replacing Rails Components

Replacing ActiveRecord

DataMapper Ambition Og

Alternative Template Engines

Markaby Liquid Haml

Incorporating Rails Components

ActiveRecord

ETL operations Schema operations Standalone data store Other Ruby applications

ActionMailer

Custom Rake tasks Receiving email

Contributing to Rails

Contributing Patches Rails Unit Tests

Further Reading

10. Large Projects

Version Control

Centralized Version Control

CVS Subversion

Decentralized Version Control Branching and Merging

Subversion branching and merging Mercurial branching and merging

Database Migrations

Issue Tracking Project Structure

Subversion Configuration

Importing existing applications

Subversion Externals and Piston Rails Version Environment Initialization Including Gems Multi-Application Projects

Rails Deployment

Shared-Nothing Scalability Front End Web Server

Asset hosts for static files

Application Server Capistrano Vlad the Deployer Continuous Integration

Further Reading

Index About the Author Colophon SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly

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