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Index
Cover Page
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Detailed Table of Contents
Illustrations
Foreword
PART I: The History and Current Status of the Industrial HMI
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1: Why This Book Was Written
1.2: Is This Book for You?
1.3: A Word of Warning!
Chapter 2: The State of Industrial HMIs and Operator Graphics
2.1: In the Beginning – the Control Panel
2.2: The Arrival of the Distributed Control System
2.3: Early and Current HMIs
2.4: HMI-Related Problems Arise
2.5: How Did This Happen?
2.6: The Answer to the Problem
2.7: Conclusion
Chapter 3: The Justification for HMI Change
Chapter 4: HMI Best Practices – A Managerial Overview
4.1: Bring Back the Big Picture
4.2: Create Hierarchical, Scenario-Based Displays to Improve Situation Awareness and Response
4.3: Redesign Displays to Emphasize the Most Important Information
4.4: Employ Proper Control Room and Physical Console Design
4.5: Minimize Distractions in the Control Room
4.6: Seven Steps for Creating a High Performance HMI
PART II: Fundamentals of HMI Design and Best Practices
Chapter 5: Assessing HMI Performance
5.1: HMI Evaluation Methodology
5.2: A Failing Grade: “F”
5.3: Not Quite Failing – a “D”
5.4: Still Not Good Enough – a “C”
5.5: Finally – a “B”
5.6: All Right! An “A”
5.7: Periodic Reassessment
Chapter 6: The Development of a High Performance HMI Philosophy and Style Guide
6.1: A First Principle: Users of HMIs
6.2: The HMI Philosophy Document and Style Guide – Overview
6.3: Purpose and Use of a High Performance HMI Philosophy Document
6.4: Development of a High Performance HMI Philosophy Document
6.5: HMI Style Guides
6.6: HMI Objects and Object Libraries
Chapter 7: Basic Principles for High Performance HMIs
7.1: Overview
7.2: The Process Pictorial – An Overused, Low-Performance Paradigm
7.3: Recognizing Good and Bad Graphics at a Glance:
7.4: Data is Not Information!
7.5: Analog is Often Better
7.6: Moving Analog Indicators
7.7: Other Analog Depiction
7.8: The Importance of Trends
7.9: Proper Implementation of Trends
7.10: General Considerations for Displays
7.11: Use of Color
7.12: Standards and Color Conflict
7.13: Depicting Lines, Vessels, and Static Equipment
7.14: Depicting Text
7.15: Depicting Values
7.16: Depicting Vessel Levels
7.18: Depicting Alarm Behavior
7.19: Alarm Priorities
7.20: Alarm Indication Methods
7.21: Alarm Access
7.22: Audible Alarm Indication
7.23: Objects and Symbols
7.24: Process Controllers
7.25: Control Valves and Shutoff Valves
7.26: Instrument Lines
7.27: Depicting Dynamic Equipment
7.28: Depicting Equipment Commands
7.29: Display Layout
7.30: Navigation
7.31: Yoking
7.32: Shutdown Actuation
7.33: Call-up Speed and Performance Expectations
7.34: Depicting Material Balance
Chapter 8: Detailed Design of High Performance Displays
8.1: Display Hierarchy
8.2: Designing Level 1 Process Overview Displays
8.3: Designing Level 2 Process Control Displays
8.4: Startup, Shutdown, and Abnormal Situation Level 2 Displays
8.5: Displaying Interlock Functionality on Level 2 and Level 3 Displays
8.6: Designing Level 3 Process Detail Displays
8.7: Designing Level 4 Process Support and Diagnostic Displays
PART III: Design and Implementation of a High Performance HMI
Chapter 9: The Design and Implementation of High Performance HMI Displays
9.1: Overview
9.2: Determine Specific Performance and Goal Objectives for the Control of the Process, in All Modes of Operation
9.3: Perform Task Analysis to Determine Control Manipulations Needed to Achieve the Performance and Goal Objectives
9.4: Design High Performance Graphics, Using the Design Principles in the HMI Philosophy and Elements From the Style Guide, to Address the Identified Tasks.
9.5: Install, Commission, and Provide Training on the New Displays
9.6: Control, Maintain, and Periodically Reassess the HMI Performance
Chapter 10: Physical Screens and Layout of an Operator Console
10.1: Physical Screens
10.2: General Purpose PC
10.3: Communications Gear
10.4: Multiple Keyboards
10.5: External Video
10.6: Hardwired Switches
10.7: Incorporation of Lightboxes
10.8: Vertically Stacked Displays
10.9: Alternative High Performance Console Layouts
10.9.1: High Performance Console #1: 6 Total Screens in a Horizontal Arrangement
10.9.2: High Performance Console #2: 6 Total Screens in a Semi-Horizontal Arrangement
10.9.3: High Performance Console #3: 6 Total Screens in a 2-Tier arrangement
10.9.4: High Performance Console #4: 8 Total Screens in a Vertically Staggered Arrangement
PART IV: Control Rooms, Abnormal Situation Management, and the Future of the Industrial HMI
Chapter 11: Control Room Design, Layout, Operating, and Management Practices
11.1: Overview
11.2: Early Control Rooms
11.3: The Introduction of Human Factors Design
11.4: Design of New Control Rooms
11.5: Lighting Levels
11.6: Glare and Reflection
11.7: Acoustics
11.8: Music
11.9: Telephones
11.10: Other Distractions
11.11: Workload Analysis
11.12: Console Adjacency and Arrangement
11.13: Video Walls
Chapter 12: Situation Awareness and Abnormal Situation Response
12.1: Stress and Performance
12.2: Performance Shaping Factors
12.3: Abnormal Situation Management Concepts
12.4: Human Problem-Solving Behavior
12.5: Human Errors
12.6: The Distribution of Failure
12.7: The HMI as the Solution
Chapter 13: The Future of the Industrial HMI
Appendices
Appendix 1: High Performance HMI Philosophy Document and Style Guides – Example Tables of Contents
Appendix 2: Assessing HMI Performance
A2-1: General Graphic Factors
A2-2: Navigation Factors
A2-3: Workstation Factors
A2-4: Control Room and Work Practice Factors
A2-5: Alarm Management Factors
A2-6: Operator Questionnaire
A2-7: Testing the High Performance HMI vs. the Traditional HMI
Appendix 3: The PRO “Enhanced Radar Plot” – a Highly Effective HMI Element
Appendix 4: A Brief Overview of Alarm Management
References
About The Authors
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