Basic Ophthalmology · Essentials for Medical Students, Tenth Edition eBook by Allen, Richard C. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface

Acknowledgments About the Executive Editors

Introduction to Ophthalmology

Resources from the American Academy of Ophthalmology Meet the Eye Care Team Eye Myths

1 The Eye Examination

Objectives Relevance Basic Information

The Patient’s History Ocular Anatomy Anatomic Aging Changes Optics

When to Examine

Additional Tests

How to Examine

Visual Acuity Distance Visual Acuity Testing Near Visual Acuity Testing Visual Acuity Estimation in an Uncooperative Patient Confrontation Visual Field Testing Amsler Grid Testing External Inspection Upper Eyelid Eversion Ocular Motility Testing Pupillary Reaction Testing Anterior Chamber Depth Assessment Intraocular Pressure Measurement Color Vision Testing Fluorescein Staining of Cornea Ophthalmoscopy

Summary of Steps in the Eye Examination Management or Referral

Reduced Visual Acuity Abnormal Fundus Appearance Shallow Anterior Chamber Depth/Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

2 Acute Vision Loss

Objectives Relevance Basic Information

Narrowing the Diagnosis From the History

How to Examine

Visual Acuity Testing Confrontation Visual Field Testing Pupillary Reactions Red Reflex Evaluation and Ophthalmoscopy Penlight Examination Tonometry

How to Interpret the Findings

Acute Vision Loss Associated With Pain Acute Vision Loss Without Pain Painless, Acute Vision Loss Without Clear Media Painless, Acute Vision Loss With Clear Media Functional Disorders

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

3 Chronic Vision Loss

Objectives Relevance Basic Information Glaucoma

Overview When to Examine How to Examine How to Interpret the Findings Management or Referral

Cataract

Overview When to Examine How to Examine How to Interpret the Findings Management or Referral

Macular Degeneration

Overview When to Examine How to Examine How to Interpret the Findings Management or Referral The Visually Impaired Patient

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

4 The Red Eye

Objectives Relevance Basic Information

History How to Examine

Disorders Associated With a Red Eye

The Acute, Painful Red Eye Acute, Nonpainful Red Eye Chronic, Irritated Red Eye Chronic Red Eye Without Irritation Adnexal Disease

Further Interpretation of the Findings

Symptoms of a Red Eye Signs of a Red Eye Associated Systemic Problems Laboratory Diagnosis

Management or Referral

Blepharitis Stye and Chalazion Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Conjunctivitis Therapeutic Warnings

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

5 Ocular and Orbital Injuries

Objectives Relevance Basic Information

Anatomy and Function

When to Examine How to Examine

History Visual Acuity Testing External Examination Pupillary Reactions Ocular Motility Testing Ophthalmoscopy Radiologic Studies

Management or Referral

True Emergency Urgent Situations

Treatment Skills

Ocular Irrigation Foreign-Body Removal Prescribing Eye Medication Patching

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

6 Amblyopia and Strabismus

Objectives Relevance Basic Information

Amblyopia Strabismus

How to Examine and Interpret the Findings

Amblyopia Testing Strabismus Testing Other Tests

Management or Referral

Amblyopia Strabismus Serious Intraocular Lesions

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

7 Neuro-Ophthalmology

Objectives Relevance Basic Information How to Examine

Visual Acuity Testing Visual Field Testing Color Perception and Saturation Pupillary Examination Ocular Motility Testing Ophthalmoscopy

How to Interpret the Findings

Pupillary Disorders Motility Disorders Optic Nerve Disease Optic Disc Elevation Visual Field Defects Visual Hallucinations Cognitive Vision Loss: The Visual Variant of Alzheimer’s Disease

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

8 Eyelid, Lacrimal, and Orbital Disease

Objectives Relevance Eyelid Disorders

Eyelid Infections Eyelid Malpositions Eyelid Neoplasms

Lacrimal Disease Orbital Disease

How to Examine Orbital Neoplasms Inflammatory Processes of the Orbit Vascular Malformations

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

9 Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

Objectives Relevance Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension

Arteriolar Sclerosis Elevated Blood Pressure Diagnostic Concerns Management

Pregnancy Sickle Cell Anemia Thyroid Disease Sarcoidosis and Other Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions

Dry Eye Syndrome

Malignancy Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Syphilis Other Systemic Infections Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

10 Drugs and the Eye

Objectives Relevance Basic Information Topical Ocular Diagnostic Drugs

Fluorescein Dye Anesthetics Mydriatics

Topical Ocular Therapeutic Drugs

Decongestants Agents for Relief of Allergic Conjunctivitis Anti-inflammatory Agents Agents for the Relief of Dry Eye Symptoms Antibiotics Antiviral Agents

Systemic Side Effects of Glaucoma Medications

β-Adrenergic Antagonists Cholinergic-Stimulating Drugs α2-Adrenoceptor Agonists Adrenergic-Stimulating Drugs Prostaglandin Analogues Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Ocular Side Effects of Systemic Drugs

Amiodarone Bisphosphonates Chloroquines Chlorpromazine Corticosteroids Digitalis Diphenylhydantoin Ethambutol HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Rifabutin Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil, and Avanafil Tamoxifen Tamsulosin Thioridazine Topiramate

Points to Remember Sample Problems Annotated Resources

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