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Index
Introduction to Botany
CONTENTS
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Dedication
1 The Origin of Life
A Modern-day Theory
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
2 The Cell
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cell Walls
Plastids
Vacuoles
A Single-celled Imposter
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
3 Mitosis and Meiosis
The Basics of Mitosis
Plant Mitosis
The Basics of Meiosis
Questions for Review
4 Chemistry
Empirical and Structural Formulas
Alcohols
Organic Acids
Amino Acids
Polymers
5 Mendelian Genetics
Pre-Mendelian Theorists and Theories
Gregor Mendel
Mendel's Laws
Mendel's Experiments
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
6 DNA
The Structure of DNA
The Functions of DNA
Transfer RNA
Enzymes
Mutations in DNA
7 Viruses
Plant Viruses
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
8 Physical Properties of Protoplasm
Composition of Protoplasm
Colloids
9 Photosynthesis
Early Research
Modern-day Research
The Calvin Cycle
The CAM Carbon Pathway
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
10 Respiration and Fermentation
The Carbon Cycle
11 Bacteria
Is Bacteria a Plant?
The Original Bacteria
Modern, Aerobic Bacteria
Benefits of Bacteria
Hazards of Bacteria
12 The Blue-green Algae
Primordial Ooze
Characteristics of the Blue-green Algae
Questions for Review
13 The Green Algae
The Volvacine Line
14 Phaeophyta: The Brown Algae
15 Rhodophyceae: The Red Algae
Bangiophycidae
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
16 Other Algae
Xanthophyta: The Yellow-green Algae
Euglenophyta
Chrysophyta
Acetabularia: A Green Alga
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
17 Fungi
Fungi Classification
Myxomycetes
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
18 Phycomycetes
Chytridiomycetes
Zygomycetes
Oomycetes
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
19 The Ascomycetes
Reproduction in Ascomycetes
Fruiting Bodies
Pathogenic Ascomycetes
Ergot
20 The Basidiomycetes
Rusts
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
21 Fungi Imperfecti
Problems in Classification
Moniliales
Questions for Review
Suggestions for Further Reading
22 Lichens
Reproduction in Lichens
The Members of a Lichen
Growth of Lichens
Products from Lichens
Lichens and the Doctrine of Signatures
Questions for Review
23 Plant Classification
Early Efforts at Plant Classification
Carolus Linnaeus
Monophyletic or Polyphyletic?
System of Plant Classification
24 Bryophytes: The Liverworts, Hornworts, and Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses
25 Pteridophytes: The Ferns, Club Mosses, and Horsetails
Ferns
26 Tissues
Meristematic Tissue
Simple Tissues and Complex Tissues
27 Gymnosperms
The First Seed Plants
Classifying the Gymnosperms
Coniferales
28 Angiosperms
Life Cycle
Lilies
Comparing Angiosperms to Gymnosperms
29 Hormones
In Search of Auxin
30 Biological Clocks
Circadian Rhythms
31 Plant Nutrition
Required Minerals
Determining Mineral Needs
32 Stems
The Woody Dicot Stem
33 Roots
Contributors to Root Growth
34 Leaves
Simple versus Compound Leaves
Transpiration
35 Flowers
How Flowers Are Formed
36 Fruits and Seeds
Forms of Fruit
Seed Structure and Characteristics
Functions of Seeds
37 Other Methods of Propagation
Division
38 Evolution
Early Changes in Thought
39 Ecology
Plant Ecology
Adaptation
40 Plants and Human Welfare
Feeding an Increasing Population
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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