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Index
Cover
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
I.1. Background
I.2. Main assumptions
I.3. Key of the multi-scale approach: the internal actions, a new tensor concept
1 Fundamentals: The Tensor Structures Induced by Contact Friction
1.1. Microscopic scale: the elementary inter-granular contact
1.2. Mesoscopic scale: the discontinuous granular mass
1.3. Macroscopic scale: the equivalent pseudo-continuum
2 Natural Compatibility With Mechanical Heterogeneity
2.1. Compatibility with the heterogeneity of internal actions
2.2. Compatibility with the heterogeneity of internal forces and internal movement distributions (stress and strain rates)
3 Strain Localization and Shear Banding: The Genesis of Failure Lines
3.1. Background and framework of the analysis
3.2. Shear bands orientation
3.3. Shear bands internal structure
3.4. Localization criterion
3.5. Shear band evolution: the formation of failure lines
4 Failure Criterion: The Micromechanical Basis of Coulomb Criterion
4.1. Background and framework of the analysis
4.2. Failure criterion at a critical state: the Coulomb Criterion
5 Coupling Between Shear Strength and Volume Changes: Generalized 3D Stress–Dilatancy Relations
5.1. Framework of the analysis
5.2. Definition of a general 3D dilatancy rate
5.3. Generalized stress–dilatancy relationships for relevant strain modes
5.4. Simplification into Rowe’s relations for particular conditions
5.5. Failure criterion at peak strength with dilation
5.6. Incidence of strain reversals on volume change rates
5.7. 3D Characteristic state
5.8. Nature of the six allowed strain modes regarding volume changes and motion sustainability
5.9. A direct link with fluid mechanics
5.10. Conclusions
6 Experimental Validations
6.1. Validations from classical “triaxial” test results
6.2. Validations from simple shear experimental results
6.3. Validations from true 3D compression apparatus results
6.4. Validation from cyclic torsional shear tests data
6.5. Validations from detailed numerical simulations with realistic discrete particles
6.6. Measurement of apparent inter-granular friction – typical values of the parameters
7 Cyclic Compaction Under Alternate Shear Motion
7.1. Background and framework of the analysis
7.2. Key results
7.3. The cyclic compaction ratio versus the principal stress ratio
7.4. Energy efficiency of compaction
7.5. Limit of cyclic compaction when apparent inter-granular friction vanishes
8 Geostatic Equilibrium: the K0 Effect
8.1. Background and framework of the analysis
8.2. The micromechanical process of geostatic stress-building in the soil mass
8.3. The solutions provided by the multi-scale approach
8.4. The resulting K0 formula based on micromechanics
8.5. Comparison with empirical Jaky formula
8.6. The two limits of geostatic equilibrium
8.7. Limit of geostatic equilibriums when apparent inter-granular friction vanishes
9 Scale Effects in Macroscopic Behavior Due to Grain Breakage
9.1. Introduction to grain breakage phenomenon: a framework of the analysis
9.2. Scale effects in shear strength
10 Practical Applications of Scale Effects to Design and Construction
10.1. A new method for rational assessment of rockfill shear strength envelope
10.2. Incidence of scale effects on rockfill slopes stability
10.3. Scale effects on deformation features and settlements
11 Concluding Remarks
11.1. Concluding remarks on features resulting from energy dissipation by friction
11.2. Concluding remarks on features resulting from grain breakage
11.3. Final conclusions
Appendices
A.I. Appendix to Introduction
A.1. Appendix to Chapter 1 – tensor structures induced by friction
A.2. Appendix to Chapter 2 – compatibility with mechanical heterogeneity
A.3. Appendices to Chapter 3 – strain localization and shear banding
A.4. Appendix to Chapter 4 – micromechanical basis of the Coulomb Criterion
A.5. Appendix to Chapter 5 – coupling shear strength and volume changes
A.6. Appendix to Chapter 6 – experimental validations
A.7. Appendix to Chapter 7 – cyclic compaction
A.8. Appendix to Chapter 8 – geostatic equilibrium: the K0 effect
A.9. Appendix to Chapter 9 – scale effects due to grain breakage
A.10. Appendix to Chapter 10 – applications of scale effects to design and construction
A.11. Appendix to Chapter 11 – concluding remarks
References
Index
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