Programming PHP · 4th Edition by MacIntyre, Peter -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Foreword Preface

Audience Assumptions This Book Makes Contents of This Book Conventions Used in This Book O’Reilly Online Learning How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

Kevin Tatroe Peter MacIntyre

1. Introduction to PHP

What Does PHP Do? A Brief History of PHP

The Evolution of PHP The Widespread Use of PHP

Installing PHP A Walk Through PHP

Configuration Page Forms Databases Graphics

What’s Next

2. Language Basics

Lexical Structure

Case Sensitivity Statements and Semicolons Whitespace and Line Breaks Comments Literals Identifiers Keywords

Data Types

Integers Floating-Point Numbers Strings Booleans Arrays Objects Resources Callbacks NULL

Variables

Variable Variables Variable References Variable Scope Garbage Collection

Expressions and Operators

Number of Operands Operator Precedence Operator Associativity Implicit Casting Arithmetic Operators String Concatenation Operator Auto-Increment and Auto-Decrement Operators Comparison Operators Bitwise Operators Logical Operators Casting Operators Assignment Operators Miscellaneous Operators

Flow-Control Statements

if switch while for foreach try...catch declare exit and return goto

Including Code Embedding PHP in Web Pages

Standard (XML) Style SGML Style Echoing Content Directly

What’s Next

3. Functions

Calling a Function Defining a Function Variable Scope

Global Variables Static Variables

Function Parameters

Passing Parameters by Value Passing Parameters by Reference Default Parameters Variable Parameters Missing Parameters Type Hinting

Return Values Variable Functions Anonymous Functions What’s Next

4. Strings

Quoting String Constants

Variable Interpolation Single-Quoted Strings Double-Quoted Strings Here Documents

Printing Strings

echo print() printf() print_r() and var_dump()

Accessing Individual Characters Cleaning Strings

Removing Whitespace Changing Case

Encoding and Escaping

HTML URLs SQL C-String Encoding

Comparing Strings

Exact Comparisons Approximate Equality

Manipulating and Searching Strings

Substrings Miscellaneous String Functions Decomposing a String String-Searching Functions

Regular Expressions

The Basics Character Classes Alternatives Repeating Sequences Subpatterns Delimiters Match Behavior Character Classes Anchors Quantifiers and Greed Noncapturing Groups Backreferences Trailing Options Inline Options Lookahead and Lookbehind Cut Conditional Expressions Functions Differences from Perl Regular Expressions

What’s Next

5. Arrays

Indexed Versus Associative Arrays Identifying Elements of an Array Storing Data in Arrays

Appending Values to an Array Assigning a Range of Values Getting the Size of an Array Padding an Array

Multidimensional Arrays Extracting Multiple Values

Slicing an Array Splitting an Array into Chunks Keys and Values Checking Whether an Element Exists Removing and Inserting Elements in an Array

Converting Between Arrays and Variables

Creating Variables from an Array Creating an Array from Variables

Traversing Arrays

The foreach Construct The Iterator Functions Using a for Loop Calling a Function for Each Array Element Reducing an Array Searching for Values

Sorting

Sorting One Array at a Time Natural-Order Sorting Sorting Multiple Arrays at Once Reversing Arrays Randomizing Order

Acting on Entire Arrays

Calculating the Sum of an Array Merging Two Arrays Calculating the Difference Between Two Arrays Filtering Elements from an Array

Using Arrays to Implement Data Types

Sets Stacks

Implementing the Iterator Interface What’s Next

6. Objects

Objects Terminology Creating an Object Accessing Properties and Methods Declaring a Class

Declaring Methods Declaring Properties Declaring Constants Inheritance Interfaces Traits Abstract Methods Constructors Destructors

Anonymous Classes Introspection

Examining Classes Examining an Object Sample Introspection Program

Serialization What’s Next

7. Dates and Times

What’s Next

8. Web Techniques

HTTP Basics Variables Server Information Processing Forms

Methods Parameters Self-Processing Pages Sticky Forms Multivalued Parameters Sticky Multivalued Parameters File Uploads Form Validation

Setting Response Headers

Different Content Types Redirections Expiration Authentication

Maintaining State

Cookies Sessions Combining Cookies and Sessions

SSL What’s Next

9. Databases

Using PHP to Access a Database Relational Databases and SQL

PHP Data Objects

MySQLi Object Interface

Retrieving Data for Display

SQLite Direct File-Level Manipulation MongoDB

Retrieving Data Inserting More Complex Data

What’s Next

10. Graphics

Embedding an Image in a Page Basic Graphics Concepts Creating and Drawing Images

The Structure of a Graphics Program Changing the Output Format Testing for Supported Image Formats Reading an Existing File Basic Drawing Functions

Images with Text

Fonts TrueType Fonts

Dynamically Generated Buttons

Caching the Dynamically Generated Buttons A Faster Cache

Scaling Images Color Handling

Using the Alpha Channel Identifying Colors True Color Indexes Text Representation of an Image

What’s Next

11. PDF

PDF Extensions Documents and Pages

A Simple Example Initializing the Document Outputting Basic Text Cells

Text

Coordinates Text Attributes Page Headers, Footers, and Class Extension Images and Links Tables and Data

What’s Next

12. XML

Lightning Guide to XML Generating XML Parsing XML

Element Handlers Character Data Handler Processing Instructions Entity Handlers Default Handler Options Using the Parser Errors Methods as Handlers Sample Parsing Application

Parsing XML with the DOM Parsing XML with SimpleXML Transforming XML with XSLT What’s Next

13. JSON

Using JSON Serializing PHP Objects

Options

What’s Next

14. Security

Safeguards

Filtering Input Escaping Output Data

Security Vulnerabilities

Cross-Site Scripting SQL Injection Filename Vulnerabilities Session Fixation File Upload Traps Unauthorized File Access PHP Code Issues Shell Command Weaknesses Data Encryption Concerns

Further Resources Security Recap What’s Next

15. Application Techniques

Code Libraries Templating Systems Handling Output

Output Buffering Output Compression

Performance Tuning

Benchmarking Profiling Optimizing Execution Time Optimizing Memory Requirements Reverse Proxies and Replication

What’s Next

16. Web Services

REST Clients

Responses Retrieving Resources Updating Resources Creating Resources Deleting Resources

XML-RPC

Servers Clients

What’s Next

17. Debugging PHP

The Development Environment The Staging Environment The Production Environment php.ini Settings Error Handling

Error Reporting Exceptions Error Suppression Triggering Errors Defining Error Handlers

Manual Debugging Error Logs IDE Debugging Additional Debugging Techniques What’s Next

18. PHP on Disparate Platforms

Writing Portable Code for Windows and Unix

Determining the Platform Handling Paths Across Platforms Navigating the Server Environment Sending Mail End-of-Line Handling End-of-File Handling Using External Commands Accessing Platform-Specific Extensions

Interfacing with COM

Background PHP Functions API Specifications

Function Reference

PHP Functions by Category

Arrays Classes and Objects Data Filtering Date and Time Directories Errors and Logging Filesystem Functions Mail Math Miscellaneous Functions Network Output Buffering PHP Language Tokenizer PHP Options/Info Program Execution Session Handling Streams Strings URLs Variables Zlib

Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions

Index

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