Cognition by Weisberg, Robert W. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Cognition

Why Do We Need to Study Cognition Scientifically? Outline of Chapter 1 Cognitive Psychology: A Subject Matter and a Point of View Psychology as a Science Toward a New Cognitive Psychology The Cognitive Revolution The Cognitive Revolution: Summary The New Cognitive Psychology From Cognitive Psychology to Cognitive Science Distributed Models of Cognition Development of Modern Cognitive Science: Summary Cognitive Scientists' Study of Hidden Processes Themes of the Book Review Questions

Chapter 2: Memory I: Models of Memory and Memory Systems

A World-Class Memory Outline of Chapter 2 Basic Processes in Memory: S.F.'s Method for Remembering The Multi-Store Model of Memory Short-Term Store Short-Term to Long-Term Stores: The Control Processes Neuropsychology of the Multi-Store Model Evolution of the Multi-Store Model: STS to WM Brain Systems in Working Memory From Working Memory to Long-Term Store Long-Term Store Long-Term Memory Systems: Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural Knowledge Modular Storage Systems: Evidence From Amnesia Explicit Versus Implicit Memory Conclusion: Long-Term Memory Systems Review Questions

Chapter 3: Memory II: Encoding and Retrieval

Outline of Chapter 3 Two Conceptions of Memory Processes: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Remembering as a Bottom-Up Process: Ebbinghaus's Study of Rote Rehearsal and Memory Better Versus Worse Types of Encoding? Summary Is Deeper Encoding Always Better? Maximizing Remembering: Coordination of Encoding and Retrieval Retrieval Processes: Summary and Conclusions Retrieval and Meta-Memory: Our Knowledge of What We Know Practical Aspects of Memory: Increasing Memory Performance With Mnemonic Devices Encoding and Retrieval in Memory: Conclusions Review Questions

Chapter 4: Memory III: Errors of Omission (Forgetting) and Commission (False Memory)

Outline of Chapter 4 Laboratory Studies of Memory and Forgetting Remembering and Forgetting Over Long Periods of Time Remembering and Forgetting Over Very Long Periods of Time: Bahrick's Analysis of Permastore Method of Study and Forgetting: Distributed Versus Massed Practice Very Long-Term Retention of Information: Conclusions Theories of Forgetting Measuring Decay in Memory: How Could We Tell if Memory Traces Weaken as Time Passes? Interference Theory Might There Be Positive Functions of Forgetting? Research on Forgetting: Conclusions Accuracy of Memory for Dramatic Events: The Question of Flashbulb Memories Memory Errors of Commission: The Question of False Memories Construction of Large-Scale Memories False Memories: Conclusions Forgetting: Summary and Conclusions The Study of Memory: Conclusion Review Questions

Chapter 5: Visual Cognition: Pattern Recognition and Spatial Localization

Outline of Chapter 5 Visual Processing Bayesian Accounts of Visual Processing Two Modules in the Visual Processing System What Versus Where Modules: Lesion Studies in Animals What Versus Where, or Perception Versus Action? Spatial Navigation Pattern Recognition Two Stages in Pattern Recognition—Feature Integration Theory Beyond Features: Structural Descriptions of Patterns Geons: Components of Complex Objects Recognition of Complex Objects: Summary Modularity in Visual Pattern Recognition: Are Faces Special? The Top-Down Nature of Perception: The Perceiver's Contribution Top-Down Processes in Reading Unconscious Priming: Pattern Recognition Without Awareness Perceptual Processes: Summary and Conclusions Review Questions

Chapter 6: Attention

Outline of Chapter 6 The Study of Attention in Early Psychology Involuntary Attention: Overt Orienting to Stimuli Covert Orienting of Attention Brain Systems and Orienting Attention and Inhibition: Negative Priming Neuropsychological Syndromes: Disruption of Visual Attention Change Blindness Executive Functions of Attention: Selective and Divided Attention Dividing Attention in Real Life: How Well Do We Multitask? Structural Models of Attention: Early Versus Late Selection Selective Attention and the Perceptual Cycle Attention and Capacity Are There No Limits to Our Capacity? A Central Bottleneck Summary: Attentional Processes Review Questions

Chapter 7: Imagery

Outline of Chapter 7 Functions of Imagery Shepard's Studies of Mental Imagery Studying and Measuring Imagery Imagery and Perception: The Analogue View Brain Mechanisms in Perception and Imagery A Further Debate: Imagery Versus Propositions as the Medium of Thought Analogue Responses to the Propositional Critique The Study of Imagery: Conclusions and Implications Review Questions

Chapter 8: Concepts and Categories

Outline of Chapter 8 Concepts and Categories Categorization Based on Rules: The Classical View of Concepts Studies of the Formation of Classical or Rule-Defined Concepts Exemplars as the Basis for Categorization Knowledge- and Goal-Based Views of Concepts Development of Concepts and Categorization Structures of Concepts and Categories: Summary and Conclusions Relations Among Concepts: The Structure of Knowledge Goal- and Use-Based Influences on Concepts, Categorization, and Inferences Using Concepts to Think About the World: The Importance of the Basic Level Concepts and Thinking: Building Representations in Working Memory Neurocognitive Studies of Concepts Concepts and Categories: Conclusions Review Questions

Chapter 9: Language I: Sounds, Words, and Meanings

Outline of Chapter 9 Language as Communication Components of Communication Levels of Linguistic Analysis Language and the Cognitive Revolution Pragmatic Aspects of Communication Phonology Processing Phonemes: Studies of Speech Production and Perception Infants' Sensitivity to the Sound Structure of Language The Phonemic Structure of the First Words Learning Word Meanings: Conclusions Lexical Access Generativity in Word Formation: Overregularization Brain Structures Involved in Lexical Processing Review Questions

Chapter 10: Language II: Sentence Processing

Outline of Chapter 10 Analysis of Sentence Structure Formal Aspects of Sentences Development of Syntax Development of Sentence Structure The Innateness Hypothesis and Critical Periods for Language Development Building the Interpretation of Discourse: Constructing Mental Spaces Stages of Speech Production What Speech Errors Reveal About Language Production Neurocognition of Language: Broca's Aphasia, or Agrammatism The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis Processing Figurative Language: Comprehension of Metaphor Sentence Processing: Conclusions Review Questions

Chapter 11: Thinking I: Logical Thinking and Decision Making

Thinking and Decision Making Outline of Chapter 11 The Question of Human Rationality The Availability Heuristic: Retrievability as a Factor in Gathering Evidence Difficulties Using Evidence Choosing Possible Courses of Action: Framing Effects Deductive Reasoning: Moving From Premises to Conclusions Content Effects in Deductive Reasoning Theories of Deductive Reasoning Are Humans Rational or Irrational? Teaching Reasoning and Decision Making Neuropsychology of Reasoning Review Questions

Chapter 12: Thinking II: Problem Solving

Outline of Chapter 12 Questions of Definition: Problems, Problem Solving, and Creative Thinking The Information-Processing Theory of Problem Solving: Searching Problem Spaces Strong Methods in Problem Solving: Studies of Expertise in Problem Solving Use of Analogies in Nonexperts: Studies of Analogical Transfer of Knowledge in Problem Solving Mathematical Problem Solving and Acalculia Analysis in Problem Solving: Summary and Conclusions Insight in Problem Solving Early Research on Insight The Gestalt Response to Thorndike: Intelligence and Insight in Apes and Humans Representational Change Theory of Insight Evidence Supporting the Special-Process View Insight as Business-as-Usual The Status of Insight: A Hybrid Model Problem Solving: Conclusions Review Questions

Chapter 13: Thinking III: Creative Thinking

Barriers to the Study of Creativity Outline of Chapter 13 Questions of Definition: Creative Products, Creative Thinking, and Creativity Two Case Studies in Creativity The Information-Processing Perspective on Creativity Heuristics in Scientific Thinking: Observing Scientists at Work Expertise in Creative Thinking: The 10-Year Rule in Creativity Development of Creative Capacity: Talent Versus Practice The Information-Processing View of Creativity: Summary Genius and Madness Unconscious Thinking and Incubation in Creativity Incubation and Illumination Without the Unconscious The Psychometric Perspective: Testing for Creative Ability The Darwinian Theory of Creativity: Blind Variation and Selective Retention as a Model of Creative Thought You Too Can Be Creative! Toward a Neuroscience of Creativity Conclusions About Creative Thinking: Ordinary Processes Producing Extraordinary Outcomes Review Questions

References Author Index Subject Index

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