Military Criminal Justice · Practice and Procedure by Schlueter, David A. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Prefatory Material

Title Page Copyright Volume 2 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 15 — TRIAL PROCEDURES

Part I — Introduction

§ 15-1. In General. § 15-2. The Participants.

§ 15-2(A) In General. § 15-2(B) The Accused. § 15-2(C) The Defense Counsel.

§ 15-2(C)(1) In General. § 15-2(C)(2) Representation of Multiple Accused and Conflicts of Interest. § 15-2(C)(3) Ineffective Assistance of Counsel. § 15-2(C)(4) Defense Counsel and the Perjurious Client.

§ 15-2(D) The Trial Counsel. § 15-2(E) The Military Judge. § 15-2(F) The Court Members. § 15-2(G) The Court Reporter. § 15-2(H) The Interpreter. § 15-2(I) The Victim. § 15-2(J) Support Persons for Witnesses.

§ 15-3. Courts-Martial and the Media: Public Trials. § 15-4. Motions at Trial.

§ 15-4(A) In General. § 15-4(B) Continuances. § 15-4(C) Mistrial. § 15-4(D) Motion for Finding of Not Guilty. § 15-4(E) Motions for Inquiring Into Accused’s Sanity.

§ 15-5. Contempts. § 15-6. Trial Procedure Guides—Uniform Rules of Practice.

Part II — Procedures for General and Special Courts-Martial

§ 15-7. In General. § 15-8. Introduction and Swearing of the Participants. § 15-9. Assembly of the Court and Preliminary Matters.

§ 15-9(A) In General. § 15-9(B) Accounting for Participants. § 15-9(C) Preliminary Instructions. § 15-9(D) Distribution of Flyers.

§ 15-10. Voir Dire and Challenges of Court Members.

§ 15-10(A) In General. § 15-10(B) Voir Dire of Court Members. § 15-10(C) Grounds for Challenging Court Members. § 15-10(D) Challenges of Court Members.

§ 15-10(D)(1) In General. § 15-10(D)(2) Challenge of the Selection Process. § 15-10(D)(3) Challenges for Cause. § 15-10(D)(4) Peremptory Challenges.

§ 15-11. Opening Statements. § 15-12. Presentation of Cases-in-Chief.

§ 15-12(A) In General. § 15-12(B) Sequestration or Exclusion of Witnesses. § 15-12(C) Examination of the Witnesses.

§ 15-12(C)(1) Questions by Counsel. § 15-12(C)(2) Questions by Military Judge. § 15-12(C)(3) Questions by Court Members. § 15-12(C)(4) Remote Live Transmission of Testimony. § 15-12(C)(5) Presenting Hearsay Statements.

§ 15-12(D) Exhibits. § 15-12(E) Views and Inspections of Places and Objects. § 15-12(F) Witnesses Called by Judge or Members.

§ 15-13. Closing Arguments. § 15-14. Instructions to the Court Members.

§ 15-14(A) In General. § 15-14(B) Sua Sponte Instructions. § 15-14(C) Instructions Upon Request. § 15-14(D) Review of Instructions Errors.

§ 15-15. Deliberations. § 15-16. Verdict; Announcement of Findings.

§ 15-16(A) General Findings. § 15-16(B) Impeaching the Findings. § 15-16(C) Special Findings by the Military Judge.

§ 15-17. Sentencing Procedures.

Part III — Evidentiary Rules

§ 15-18. General. § 15-19. Military Rules of Evidence. § 15-20. Presumptions and Inferences. § 15-21. Stipulations. § 15-22. Depositions. § 15-23. Objections and Preserving Claims of Error. § 15-24. Evidentiary Instructions During Trial.

Part IV — Summary Courts-Martial Procedures

§ 15-25. General. § 15-26. The Summary Court-Martial Participants.

§ 15-26(A) The Summary Court-Martial Officer. § 15-26(B) The Accused. § 15-26(C) Counsel.

§ 15-27. Pretrial Conference. § 15-28. Trial on the Merits and Sentencing. § 15-29. Post-Trial Procedures. § 15-30. Annotated Bibliography.

§ 15-30(A) Books. § 15-30(B) Periodicals.

§ 15-30(B)(1) In General. § 15-30(B)(2) Arguments. § 15-30(B)(3) Contempts. § 15-30(B)(4) Courts-Martial and the Media. § 15-30(B)(5) Evidence Issues. § 15-30(B)(6) Instructions: In General. § 15-30(B)(7) Instructions: Jury Nullification. § 15-30(B)(8) Motions at Trial. § 15-30(B)(9) Participants: Accused. § 15-30(B)(10) Participants: Counsel. § 15-30(B)(11) Participants: Military Judge. § 15-30(B)(12) Participants: Court Members. § 15-30(B)(13) Trial in Absentia. § 15-30(B)(14) Trial Procedures. § 15-30(B)(15) Special Findings. § 15-30(B)(16) Summary Court-Martial. § 15-30(B)(17) Symposia. § 15-30(B)(18) Verdicts.

CHAPTER 16 — SENTENCING

§ 16-1. In General. § 16-2. Maximum Authorized Punishments.

§ 16-2(A) In General. § 16-2(B) Jurisdictional Limits on the Sentence. § 16-2(C) Nature of Proceeding as Limitation. § 16-2(D) Manual for Courts-Martial Limitations. § 16-2(E) Multiplicity. § 16-2(F) Escalator Provisions. § 16-2(G) The Ultimate Offense Doctrine; “Footnote Five” Limitations. § 16-2(H) Equivalent Punishments. § 16-2(I) Mandatory Minimum Punishments. § 16-2(J) Unitary Sentencing.

§ 16-3. Permissible Punishments.

§ 16-3(A) In General. § 16-3(B) Death Penalty. § 16-3(C) Punitive Separations. § 16-3(D) Deprivation of Liberty. § 16-3(E) Deprivation of Pay. § 16-3(F) Reduction in Grade. § 16-3(G) Loss of Numbers. § 16-3(H) Reprimand.

§ 16-4. Sentencing Procedures.

§ 16-4(A) In General. § 16-4(B) Applicability of Rules of Evidence.

§ 16-5. Prosecution Evidence.

§ 16-5(A) In General. § 16-5(B) Data From the Charge Sheet. § 16-5(C) Data Concerning the Accused’s Prior Service. § 16-5(D) Evidence of Prior Convictions. § 16-5(E) Evidence in Aggravation.

§ 16-5(E)(1) In General. § 16-5(E)(2) Evidence of Circumstances Surrounding Offense. § 16-5(E)(3) Evidence of Impact of Offense on Victim and Community. § 16-5(E)(4) Evidence Addressing Rehabilitative Potential. § 16-5(E)(5) Evidence of Uncharged Misconduct.

§ 16-6. Defense Evidence. § 16-7. Statements by Victims. § 16-8. Rebuttal and Surrebuttal. § 16-9. Arguments on Sentencing.

§ 16-9(A) In General. § 16-9(B) Prosecution Arguments on Sentencing. § 16-9(C) Defense Counsel’s Argument on Sentencing.

§ 16-10. Instructions on Sentencing. § 16-11. Deliberations on Sentencing.

§ 16-11(A) In General. § 16-11(B) Reballoting or Reconsideration of Sentence. § 16-11(C) Recesses During Deliberations.

§ 16-12. Announcement of the Sentence.

§ 16-12(A) In General. § 16-12(B) Addressing Defects in Sentence. § 16-12(C) Polling the Members. § 16-12(D) Recommendations of Clemency. § 16-12(E) Reconsideration of Sentence After Announcement. § 16-12(F) Ambiguous Sentences. § 16-12(G) Announcing Credit on the Sentence.

§ 16-13. Advice on Appellate Rights. § 16-14. Adjournment. § 16-15. Annotated Bibliography.

§ 16-15(A) Books. § 16-15(B) Periodicals.

§ 16-15(B)(1) In General. § 16-15(B)(2) Punishments: In General. § 16-15(B)(3) Punishments: Collateral Consequences. § 16-15(B)(4) Punishments: Cruel and Unusual Punishments § 16-15(B)(5) Punishments: Death Penalty. § 16-15(B)(6) Punishments: Loss of Numbers. § 16-15(B)(7) Punishments: Probation. § 16-15(B)(8) Punishments: Punitive Discharges. § 16-15(B)(9) Punishments: Restitution. § 16-15(B)(10) Sentencing Guidelines. § 16-15(B)(11) Sentencing Procedures: Arguments by Counsel. § 16-15(B)(12) Sentencing Procedures: Defense Mitigation Evidence. § 16-15(B)(13) Sentencing Procedures: Prosecution Evidence. § 16-15(B)(14) Sentencing Procedures: Sentencing by Members or Judge Alone.

CHAPTER 17 — REVIEW OF COURTS-MARTIAL

Part I — General

§ 17-1. Introduction. § 17-2. Post-Trial Duties of Counsel.

§ 17-2(A) In General. § 17-2(B) Trial Counsel’s Post-Trial Duties. § 17-2(C) Defense Counsel’s Post-Trial Duties.

§ 17-2(C)(1) In General. § 17-2(C)(2) Advice on Appellate Rights. § 17-2(C)(3) Request for Deferment of Confinement, Forfeiture of Pay, and Reduction in Grade. § 17-2(C)(4) Submission of Matters to the Convening Authority. § 17-2(C)(5) Review of the Staff Judge Advocate’s Post-Trial Recommendation. § 17-2(C)(6) Requesting a Waiver of Automatic Forfeitures. § 17-2(C)(7) Negotiating a Post-Trial Agreement. § 17-2(C)(8) Requesting Sentencing Credit.

§ 17-3. Post-Trial Proceedings.

§ 17-3(A) In General. § 17-3(B) Revision Proceedings. § 17-3(C) Rehearings; Other Trials. § 17-3(D) Article 39(a) Post-Trial Sessions.

§ 17-4. Records of Trial.

§ 17-4(A) In General. § 17-4(B) Authentication of the Record. § 17-4(C) Service of Record on Accused. § 17-4(D) Service of Record on Sexual Assault Victim.

§ 17-5. Confinement Pending Review. § 17-6. Military Corrections.

Part II — Initial Review by The Convening Authority

§ 17-7. Introduction. § 17-8. Legal Review of Courts-Martial.

§ 17-8(A) General Matters. § 17-8(B) Post-Trial Recommendation.

§ 17-8(B)(1) In General. § 17-8(B)(2) Format and Contents of Recommendation. § 17-8(B)(3) Defective Recommendations. § 17-8(B)(4) Service of Recommendation on Defense Counsel. § 17-8(B)(5) Service of Recommendation on Victim.

§ 17-9. Convening Authority’s Powers.

§ 17-9(A) General Matters.

§ 17-9(A)(1) Unique Powers of Convening Authority. § 17-9(A)(2) Actions on Findings and Sentence. § 17-9(A)(3) Consideration of Matters Submitted by Defense. § 17-9(A)(4) Consideration of Matters Submitted by Others. § 17-9(A)(5) Reflecting Matters Considered by Convening Authority.

§ 17-9(B) Qualified and Disqualified Convening Authorities. § 17-9(C) Actions and Execution of Sentences. § 17-9(D) Power to Suspend. § 17-9(E) Other Clemency Powers. § 17-9(F) Power to Order Post-Trial Proceedings.

§ 17-10. Promulgating Orders. § 17-11. Post-Trial Delays.

Part III — Appellate Review

§ 17-12. Appellate Review of Courts-Martial.

§ 17-12(A) In General. § 17-12(B) Waiver or Withdrawal of Appeals.

§ 17-13. Appellate Counsel. § 17-14. Standards of Review.

§ 17-14(A) In General. § 17-14(B) Standards of Review; An Overview.

§ 17-14(B)(1) In General. § 17-14(B)(2) Abuse of Discretion. § 17-14(B)(3) Clearly Erroneous. § 17-14(B)(4) De Novo Review. § 17-14(B)(5) Plain Error.

§ 17-14(C) Standards of Review Applied.

§ 17-14(C)(1) In General. § 17-14(C)(2) Challenges to Court Members. § 17-14(C)(3) Challenge to Legal Sufficiency of Evidence. § 17-14(C)(4) Confinement; Cruel and Unusual Punishment. § 17-14(C)(5) Constitutional and Nonconstitutional Errors. § 17-14(C)(6) Constitutionality of Statute or Regulation. § 17-14(C)(7) Discovery Rulings. § 17-14(C)(8) Evidentiary Rulings. § 17-14(C)(9) Factual and Legal Sufficiency. § 17-14(C)(10) Harmless or Prejudicial Error. § 17-14(C)(11) Ineffectiveness of Counsel. § 17-14(C)(12) Instructions to Court Members. § 17-14(C)(13) Jurisdiction. § 17-14(C)(14) Lack of Speedy Trial. § 17-14(C)(15) Mental Responsibility. § 17-14(C)(16) Motion for Mistrial. § 17-14(C)(17) Motions to Suppress. § 17-14(C)(18) No Prejudice Determinations. § 17-14(C)(19) Pleas. § 17-14(C)(20) Pretrial Agreements. § 17-14(C)(21) Questions of Fact and Law. § 17-14(C)(22) Sentence Appropriateness. § 17-14(C)(23) Unlawful Command Influence.

§ 17-15. United States Courts of Criminal Appeals.

§ 17-15(A) In General. § 17-15(B) Jurisdiction. § 17-15(C) Scope of Review and Actions. § 17-15(D) Procedural Rules.

§ 17-16. The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

§ 17-16(A) General. § 17-16(B) Jurisdiction. § 17-16(C) Scope of Review. § 17-16(D) Procedures.

§ 17-17. Review by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Part IV — Other Forms of Review

§ 17-18. General. § 17-19. Extraordinary Writs in the Military Courts. § 17-20. Review in the Offices of the Judge Advocates General. § 17-21. Petition for New Trial. § 17-22. Administrative Relief.

§ 17-22(A) In General. § 17-22(B) Boards for the Correction of Military (or Naval) Records. § 17-22(C) Discharge Review Boards.

§ 17-23. Review in the Federal Courts.

§ 17-23(A) In General. § 17-23(B) The Exhaustion of Remedies Requirement. § 17-23(C) Forms of Collateral Review.

§ 17-23(C)(1) In General. § 17-23(C)(2) Habeas Corpus. § 17-23(C)(3) Mandamus.

§ 17-24. Annotated Bibliography.

§ 17-24(A) Books. § 17-24(B) Periodicals.

§ 17-24(B)(1) The Military Appellate Process: In General. § 17-24(B)(2) Administrative Review of Courts-Martial. § 17-24(B)(3) Convening Authority Actions and Powers. § 17-24(B)(4) Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. § 17-24(B)(5) Courts of Criminal Appeals. § 17-24(B)(6) Extraordinary Writs. § 17-24(B)(7) Federal Judicial Review of Courts-Martial. § 17-24(B)(8) Petitions for New Trials. § 17-24(B)(9) Post-Trial Confinement. § 17-24(B)(10) Post-Trial Delays. § 17-24(B)(11) Post-Trial Processing. § 17-24(B)(12) Presidential Pardons. § 17-24(B)(13) Suspension of Sentence. § 17-24(B)(14) Symposia.

APPENDIX A — Uniform Code of Military Justice

SUBCHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Definitions Article 2. Persons Subject to this Chapter Article 3. Jurisdiction to Try Certain Personnel Article 4. Dismissed Officer’S Right to Trial by Court-Martial Article 5. Territorial Applicability of This Chapter Article 6. Judge Advocates and Legal Officers Article 6a. Investigation and Disposition of Matters Pertaining to the Fitness of Military Judges Article 6b. Rights of the Victim of an Offense Under this Chapter

SUBCHAPTER II: APPREHENSION AND RESTRAINT

Article 7. Apprehension Article 8. Apprehension of Deserters Article 9. Imposition of Restraint Article 10. Restraint of persons charged with offenses Article 11. Reports and receiving of prisoners Article 12. Confinement with enemy prisoners prohibited Article 13. Punishment prohibited before trial Article 14. Delivery of offenders to civil authorities

SUBCHAPTER III: NON-JUDICIAL PUNISHMENT

Article 15 Commanding officer’s non-judicial punishment

SUBCHAPTER IV: COURT-MARTIAL JURISDICTION

Article 16. Courts-martial classified Article 17 Jurisdiction of courts-martial in general Delete first Article 18: Article 18. Jurisdiction of general courts-martial Article 19. Jurisdiction of special courts-martial Article 20 Jurisdiction of summary courts-martial Article 21. Jurisdiction of courts-martial not exclusive

SUBCHAPTER V: COMPOSITION OF COURTS-MARTIAL

Article 22. Who may convene general courts-martial Article 23. Who may convene special courts-martial Article 24. Who may convene summary courts-martial Article 25. Who may serve on courts-martial Article 25a. Number of members in capital cases Article 26. Military judge of a general or special court-martial Article 27. Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel Article 28. Detail or employment of reporters and interpreters Article 29. Absent and additional members

SUBCHAPTER VI: PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURE

Article 30. Charges and specifications Article 31. Compulsory self-incrimination prohibited Article 32. Preliminary Hearing Article 33. Forwarding of charges Article 34. Advice of staff judge advocate and reference for trial Article 35. Service of charges

SUBCHAPTER VII: TRIAL PROCEDURE

Article 36. President May Prescribe Rules Article 37. Unlawfully Influencing Action of Court Article 38. Duties of Trial Counsel and Defense Counsel Article 39. Sessions Article 40. Continuances Article 41. Challenges Article 42. Oaths Article 43. Statute of Limitations Article 44. Former Jeopardy Article 45. Pleas of the Accused Article 46. Opportunity to Obtain Witnesses and Other Evidence Article 47. Refusal to Appear or Testify Article 48. Contempts Article 49. Depositions Article 50. Admissibility of Records of Courts of Inquiry Article 50A. Defense of Lack of Mental Responsibility Article 51. Voting and Rulings Article 52. Number of Votes Required Article 53. Court to Announce Action Article 54. Record of Trial

SUBCHAPTER VIII: SENTENCES

Article 55. Cruel and unusual punishments prohibited Article 56. Maximum limits Article 56a. Sentence of confinement for life without eligibility for parole Article 57. Effective date of sentences Article 57a. Deferment of sentences Article 58. Execution of confinement Article 58a. Sentences: reduction in enlisted grade upon approval Article 58b. Sentences: forfeiture of pay and allowances during confinement

SUBCHAPTER IX: POST-TRIAL PROCEDURE AND REVIEW OF COURTS-MARTIAL

Article 59. Error of law; lesser included offense Article 60. Action by the convening authority Article 61. Waiver or withdrawal of appeal Article 62. Appeal by the United States Article 63. Rehearings Article 64. Review by a judge advocate Article 65. Disposition of records Article 66. Review by Court of Criminal Appeals Article 67. Review by the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Article 67a. Review by the Supreme Court Article 68. Branch offices Article 69. Review in the office of the Judge Advocate General Article 70. Appellate counsel Article 71. Execution of sentence; suspension of sentence Article 72. Vacation of suspension Article 73. Petition for a new trial Article 74. Remission and suspension Article 75. Restoration Article 76. Finality of proceedings, findings, and sentences Article 76a. Leave required to be taken pending review of certain court-martial convictions Article 76b. Lack of mental capacity or mental responsibility: commitment of accused for examination and treatment

SUBCHAPTER X: PUNITIVE ARTICLES

Article 77. Principals Article 78. Accessory after the fact Article 79. Conviction of lesser included offense Article 80. Attempts Article 81. Conspiracy Article 82. Solicitation Article 83. Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation Article 84. Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation Article 85. Desertion Article 86. Absence without leave Article 87. Missing movement Article 88. Contempt toward officials Article 89. Disrespect toward superior commissioned officer Article 90. Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer Article 91. Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer Article 92. Failure to obey order or regulation Article 93. Cruelty and maltreatment Article 94. Mutiny or sedition Article 95. Resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape Article 96. Releasing prisoner without proper authority Article 97. Unlawful detention Article 98. Noncompliance with procedural rules Article 99. Misbehavior before the enemy Article 100. Subordinate compelling surrender Article 101. Improper use of countersign Forcing a safeguard Forcing a safeguard Article 103. Captured or abandoned property Article 104. Aiding the enemy Article 105. Misconduct as prisoner Article 106. Spies Article 106a. Espionage Article 107. False official statements Article 108. Military property of United States—Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition Article 109. Property other than military property of United States—Waste, spoilage, or destruction Article 110. Improper hazarding of vessel Article 111. Drunken or reckless operation of a vehicle, aircraft, or vessel Article 112. Drunk on duty Article 112a. Wrongful use, possession, etc., of controlled substances Article 113. Misbehavior of sentinel Article 114. Dueling Article 115. Malingering Article 116. Riot or breach of peace Article 117. Provoking speeches or gestures Article 118. Murder Article 119. Manslaughter Article 119a. Death or injury of an unborn child Article. 120. Rape and carnal knowledge Article 120a. Stalking Article 120b. Rape and sexual assault of a child Article 120c. Other sexual misconduct Article 121. Larceny and wrongful appropriation Article 122. Robbery Article 123. Forgery Article 123a. Making, drawing, or uttering check, draft, or order without sufficient funds Article 124. Maiming Article 125. Forcible sodomy; bestiality Article 126. Arson Article 127. Extortion Article 128. Assault Article 129. Burglary Article 130. Housebreaking Article 131. Perjury Article 132. Frauds against the United States Article 133. Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman Article 134. General article

SUBCHAPTER XI: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 135. Courts of inquiry Article 136. Authority to administer oaths and to act as notary Article 137. Articles to be explained Article 138. Complaints of wrongs Article 139. Redress of injuries to property Article 140. Delegation by the President

SUBCHAPTER XII: UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES

Article 141. Status Article 142. Judges Article 143. Organization and employees Article 144. Procedure Article 145. Annuities for judges and survivors Article 146. Code committee

APPENDIX B — Military Rules of Evidence

SECTION I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Rule 101. Scope Rule 102. Purpose Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Rule 104. Preliminary Questions Rule 105. Limiting Evidence That is Not Admissible Against Other Parties or for Other Purposes Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements

SECTION II JUDICIAL NOTICE

Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts. Rule 202. Judicial Notice of Law

SECTION III EXCLUSIONARY RULES AND RELATED MATTERS CONCERNING SELF-INCRIMINATION, SEARCH AND SEIZURE, AND EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION

Rule 301. Privilege Concerning Compulsory Self-Incrimination. Rule 302. Privilege Concerning Mental Examination of an Accused. Rule 303. Degrading Questions Rule 304. Confessions and Admissions.Replace Rule 304(c) with the following: Rule 305. Warnings About Rights. Rule 306. Statements by One of Several Accused. Rule 311. Evidence Obtained from Unlawful Searches and Seizures.Replace Rule 311(a) with the following: Rule 312. Body Views and Intrusions. Rule 313. Inspections and Inventories in the Armed Forces. Rule 314. Searches Not Requiring Probable Cause. Rule 315. Probable Cause Searches. Rule 316. Seizures. Rule 317. Interception of Wire and Oral Communications. Rule 321. Eyewitness identification.

SECTION IV RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS

Rule 401. Test for Relevant Evidence. Rule 402. General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence Rule 403. Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons Rule 404. Character Evidence; Crimes or Other Acts Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice Rule 407. Subsequent Remedial Measures Rule 408. Compromise Offers and Negotiations Rule 409. Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses Rule 410. Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements Rule 411. Liability Insurance Rule 412. Sex Offense Cases: The Victim’s Sexual Behavior or Predisposition Rule 413. Similar Crimes In Sexual Offense Cases Rule 414. Similar Crimes in Child-Molestation Cases.Replace Rule 414(d)(2)(A) with the following:

SECTION V PRIVILEGES

Rule 501. Privilege in General Rule 502. Lawyer-Client Privilege Rule 503. Communications to Clergy Rule 504. Marital privilege.Replace Rule 504 with the following: Rule 505. Classified Information.Replace Rule 505(e)(2) with the following: Rule 506. Government Information Other Than Classified Information Rule 507. Identity of Informants Rule 508. Political Vote Rule 509. Deliberations of Courts and Juries Rule 510. Waiver of Privilege by Voluntary Disclosure Rule 511. Privileged Matter Disclosed Under Compulsion or Without Opportunity to Claim Privilege Rule 512. Comment Upon or Inference From Claim of Privilege; Instruction Rule 513. Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege Rule 514. Victim Advocate-Victim and Department Of Defense Safe Helpline Staff-Victim Privilege

SECTION VI WITNESSES

Rule 601. Competency to Testify in General Rule 602. Need for Personal Knowledge Rule 604. Interpreter Rule 605. Military Judge’s Competency as a Witness Rule 606. Member’s Competency as a Witness Rule 607. Who May Impeach a Witness Rule 608. A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness Rule 609. Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction Rule 610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions Rule 611. Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence Rule 612. Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory Rule 613. Witness’s Prior Statement Rule 614. Court-Martial’s Calling or Examining a Witness Rule 615. Excluding Witnesses

SECTION VII OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY

Rule 701. Opinion Testimony By Lay Witnesses Rule 702. Testimony By Expert Witnesses Rule 703. Bases of an Expert’s Opinion Testimony Rule 704. Opinion on an Ultimate Issue Rule 705. Disclosing the Facts or Data Underlying an Expert’s Opinion Rule 706. Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses Rule 707. Polygraph Examinations

SECTION VIII HEARSAY

Rule 801. Definitions That Apply To This Section; Exclusions From Hearsay.Replace Rule 801(d)(1)(B) with the following: Rule 802. The Rule Against Hearsay Rule 803. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay—Regardless Of Whether The Declarant is Available As a Witness.Replace Rule 803(6)(E) with the following: Rule 804. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay-When the Declarant Is Unavailable as a Witness. Rule 805. Hearsay Within Hearsay Rule 806. Attacking And Supporting the Declarant’s Credibility Rule 807. Residual Exception.

SECTION IX AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION

Rule 901. Authenticating or Identifying Evidence Rule 902. Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating Rule 903. Subscribing Witness’s Testimony

SECTION X CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND PHOTOGRAPHS

Rule 1001. Definitions That Apply to This Section Rule 1002. Requirement of the Original Rule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content Rule 1005. Copies of Public Records to Prove Content Rule 1006. Summaries to Prove Content Rule 1007. Testimony or Statement of a Party to Prove Content Rule 1008. Functions of the Military Judge and the Members

SECTION XI MISCELLANEOUS RULES

Rule 1101. Applicability of These Rules.Replace Rule 1101(d)(2) with the following: Rule 1102. Amendments Rule 1103. Title

TABLE OF CASES

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

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