Applied Social Psychology · Understanding and Addressing Social and Practical Problems by Schneider, Frank W. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Dedication Title Copyright Contents Preface PART I Foundations of Applied Social Psychology

1. Defining the Field of Applied Social Psychology

Social Psychology

Defining Social Psychology Social Psychology as a Science

Applied Social Psychology

Applied Social Psychology as a Science The Role of Personal Values Historical Context of Applied Social Psychology A Problem Focus Social Influences on Behavior: The Power of the Situation Levels of Analysis The Need for a Broad Approach Various Roles of Applied Social Psychologists

Overview of Book Summary

2. Social Psychological Theory

The Scientific Process Theory in Social Psychology

Functions of Social Psychological Theories Characteristics of Social Psychological Theories

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Description Organization Direction Intervention Summing Up Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Groupthink Theory

Description Organization Direction Intervention Summing Up Groupthink Theory

Summary

3. Research Methods in Applied Social Psychology

Methods of Data Collection

Variables and Their Measurement Self-Report Methods: The Special Case of Surveys Observational Methods

Research Designs

True Experiments Quasi-Experiments Correlational Studies Descriptive Studies

Research Settings Qualitative Research Methods Research Ethics Postscript Summary

4. Intervention and Evaluation

Design of Interventions

Nature of Interventions Key Tasks in Intervention Design and Delivery

Evaluation of Interventions

Reasons for Evaluating Interventions Ineffective Interventions Types of Evaluation Importance of Research Design in Evaluating Interventions Evidence-Based Interventions

An Intervention Example: Reducing Alcohol Problems on Campus

Identifying the Problem Developing a Solution: Forming the Intervention Hypothesis Goal Setting and Designing the Intervention Implementing the Intervention Evaluating the Intervention Further Applications of Social Norm Theory

Other Interventions

Examples of Other Interventions Complex Problems Require Complex Solutions

Influencing Social Policy Intervention Issues

Process Issues Ethical Issues

Summary

PART II Applying Social Psychology to Arenas of Life

5. Applying Social Psychology to Clinical and Counseling Psychology

The Origins of Psychological Disorders

The Social Psychological Roots of Social Anxiety A Social Psychological Model of Depression

The Treatment and Prevention of Psychological Disorders

Self-Presentation Theory: An Approach to Treating Social Anxiety Hopelessness Theory Approach to Treating Depression

The Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders

Biases in Clinical Decision Making Final Thoughts

Summary

6. Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams

Team Dynamics

Team Cohesion Team Confidence Effective Communication Team Goal Setting

Team Building

Family Psychology Intervention Communication Training Intervention

Summary

7. Applying Social Psychology to the Media

How Does Media Violence Affect Us?

The Consequences of Viewing Media Violence Imitation of Violence Media Violence and Aggressive Thoughts Media Violence and Fear

What Happens When We Watch Pornography?

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Nonviolent Pornography Effects of Exposure to Embedded Violent Sexual Material Reducing the Harmful Effects of Exposure to Violent Sexual Material

Does Political News Coverage Affect Us?

How the Media Influence Our Thoughts Effects of Negative Media Coverage of the Government

Summary

8. Applying Social Psychology to Health

Health Psychology Defined

The Biopsychosocial Model Social Variables and Health

Promoting Health and Preventing Illness

Persuasion and Social Influence in Media Health Coverage Family, Peer, and School Influences

Changing Health Behavior

Health Belief Model Theory of Planned Behavior Stages of Change Model

Stress, Coping, and Social Support

Stress and Coping Social Support

Summary

9. Applying Social Psychology to Education

Intrapersonal Processes: Increasing Success, Reducing Failure

What Factors Affect Student Performance How Can Student Performance Be Improved?

Interpersonal Processes: Teachers and Students Interacting

Teacher Expectations and Student Achievement Students Interacting With Other Students When Interactions Turn Deadly: School Violence

Summary

10. Applying Social Psychology to Organizations

The Individual in an Organizational Context

Making Sense of Others in the Work Environment Job Satisfaction: Antecedents and Consequences

Interpersonal Processes in Organizations

Communication Group Decision Making

Summary

11. Applying Social Psychology to the Criminal Justice System

The Crime and the Criminal

The Social Psychology of a Crime The Origins of Criminal Behavior

The Response of the Criminal Justice System

The Police Investigation The Courtroom The Prison Setting

Summary

12. Applying Social Psychology to the Community

What Is Community Psychology?

Defining Community Psychology Origins of Community Psychology Community Psychology Values and Approaches

Sense of Community

Life in the City The Internet as a Community and Source of Help

Diversity Versus Prejudice and Stigmatization

The Importance of Diversity Research on Stigmatization The Media and Stigmatization

Bringing About Social Change

Social Action and Activism Using Research to Influence Social Change Influencing Policy Changing Structural or Social Barriers

Summary

13. Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Resource Dilemmas

A Family of Dilemmas What Is a Resource Dilemma? Studying Resource Dilemmas Strategies for Inducing Pro-Environment Behavior

The Built Environment

Social Design Defensible Space

Epilogue Summary

14. Applying Social Psychology to Diversity

Cultural Diversity

Hofstede’s Cultural Taxonomy Schwartz’s Values Framework

Demographics: Personal Diversity

Gender Ethnic Background Social Class

Diversity: Opportunities

Creativity and Innovation Problem Solving

Diversity: Challenges

Prejudice and Discrimination

Conflict

Theories of Conflict Conflict Management and Resolution

Summary

PART III Applying Social Psychology to One’s Own Life

15. Applying Social Psychology to Personal Relationships

The Need to Be Close Attraction

Proximity and Familiarity Physical Attractiveness

Attachment

Infant Attachment Adult Attachment Styles Assess Your Attachment Style Applying Attachment Lessons

The Selection Process

The T-Shirt Study Selection Process Lessons and Applications

Conclusion: The Science of Closeness Summary

16. Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom

Cognitive Errors and Student–Teacher Relations

Fundamental Attribution Error Belief Perseverance Social Categorization

Self-Perceptions and Their Academic Consequences

Self-Handicapping Self-Serving Bias Overjustification Effect

Conclusion: Social Psychology in the Classroom Summary

17. Applying Social Psychology to Positive Well-Being: Focus on Optimism

Introduction to Positive Social Psychology Optimism

Introduction to Optimism–Pessimism Self-Assessment of Optimism–Pessimism The Social Psychology of Optimism The Benefits of Optimism Positive Coaching Exercises

Broadening the Perspective on Positive Well-Being Summary

References Author Index Subject Index About the Editors Contributors

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