[Church History 01] • B000s1mbqc Ebok by Ferguson, Everett -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Maps, Charts, and Illustrations Preface

1. The Setting for the Story’s Beginning

I. The Roman World II. The Greek World III. The Jewish World For Further Study

2. Jesus and the Beginnings of the Church

I. The Ministry of Jesus II. The Church in Jerusalem and James III. The Church in Antioch IV. Paul V. The Church in Rome and Peter VI. The Church in Ephesus and John VII. The Church in Syria and Thomas VIII. Church Life in the Apostolic Age For Further Study

3. The Subapostolic Age

I. Strands of Jewish Christianity A. Ebionites B. Nazoraeans C. Elkesaites D. Other Jewish Influences II. Literature and Problems in Gentile Christianity A. The Apostolic Fathers B. Apocryphal Literature C. Other Writings D. Limitations and Value of This Literature For Further Study

4. The Church and the Empire

I. Attitudes toward Christians A. Attitudes of Early Emperors B. Attitudes of Pagans toward Christians II. The Legal Basis of the Persecutions III. Christian Apologists of the Second Century A. Writings B. Justin Martyr as a Representative Apologist C. The Logos Doctrine D. Summary of the Apologists IV. Martyrs of the Second Century A. The Literature of Martyrdom B. Motifs of Martyrdom For Further Study

5. Heresies and Schisms in the Second Century

I. Marcion II. Gnosticism A. Sources for Study B. Question of Origins C. Components of Gnosticism D. Common Features of the Gnostic Myths E. Principal Teachers F. Sample Gnostic Myths of Creation and Salvation G. Doctrinal Errors and Significance of Gnosticism H. Lessons from the Struggle with Gnosticism III. Montanism IV. Encratism V. Did Heresy Precede Orthodoxy? For Further Study

6. The Defense against Rival Interpretations

I. Monepiscopacy and Apostolic Succession II. Rule of Faith and Apostles’ Creed III. The Biblical Canon A. The Old Testament Canon B. The New Testament Canon C. Criteria of Canonicity D. Theological Reflections For Further Study

7. The Fathers of the Old Catholic Church and Their Problems

I. Beginnings and Early Development of Christian Theology A. Irenaeus B. Tertullian and the Church in North Africa C. The Church in Alexandria and Clement of Alexandria D. Origen in Alexandria and Caesarea E. Hippolytus and Callistus in Rome II. The Rise to Prominence of the Church at Rome III. Problems Facing the Old Catholic Fathers A. Paschal Controversy B. Patripassianism C. Persecution D. Penance and Polity For Further Study

8. Church Life in the Second and Third Centuries

I. Christian Initiation II. Christian Assemblies III. Christian Life IV. Christian Women V. Christian Hope For Further Study

9. Development of the Church during the Third Century

I. Persecutions A. Principal Phases B. The Decian and Valerian Persecutions C. The Cult of the Martyrs II. Cyprian and Schism III. The Beginnings of Christian Art and Architecture IV. A New Challenge: Manichaeism V. The Church in the Later Third Century A. Church Order: Didascalia B. Theology: The Two Dionysii C. Missions: Gregory Thaumaturgus D. Literature: Methodius, Lactantius VI. Why Did Christianity Succeed? For Further Study

10. Diocletian and Constantine: On the Threshold of the Fourth Century

I. The Persecution under Diocletian A. Reorganization of the Empire B. The Course of the Persecution II. Constantine the Great A. Interpretation B. Conversion and Favor for Christians C. The New Situation in Church-State Relations D. Eusebius of Caesarea: The Emperor’s Historian III. The Donatist Schism IV. Arius and the Council of Nicaea A. Background of the Arian Controversy B. Events Leading to Nicaea C. The Council of Nicaea, 325 D. The Importance of Nicaea For Further Study

11. The Church in the Fourth Century: Doctrine, Organization, and Literature

I. The Arian Controversy after Nicaea A. From 325 to 361 B. Athanasius C. From 361 to 381 D. The Council of Constantinople, 381 II. Organization of the Church III. The Fathers of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Church A. Basil the Great of Caesarea B. Gregory of Nazianzus C. Gregory of Nyssa D. John Chrysostom E. Ephraem the Syrian F. Ambrose G. Rufinus H. Jerome IV. The Importance of the Bible For Further Study

12. The Church in the Fourth and Early Fifth Centuries: Monasticism, Expansion, Life, and Worship

I. Monasticism A. Origins B. Motifs of Monasticism C. Early Leaders II. Missionary Expansion in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries A. Syria B. Persia C. Armenia D. Georgia E. Ethiopia III. Christian Life and Society A. Imperial Support of Christianity B. Christian Influence on the Roman World C. Negative Factors in the Late Empire D. Pious Practices IV. Worship A. The Liturgy of Baptism and Eucharist B. Sacraments C. The Church Calendar D. Basilicas and Art For Further Study

13. Christological Controversies to Chalcedon (451)

I. An Overview of the First Four Ecumenical Councils II. Rivalries between Alexandria and Antioch III. Preliminary Phase, 362–81: Apollinarianism IV. The Second Phase, 381–433: Nestorianism V. The Council of Ephesus (431) and Its Aftermath VI. The Third Phase, 433–51: Eutychianism VII. The Council of Chalcedon, 451 A. Dogmatic Aspects B. Conciliar Aspects C. Monastic Aspects D. Constitutional Aspects For Further Study

14. Augustine, Pelagius, and Semipelagianism

I. Augustine A. Life (354–430) B. Writings C. Controversy with Donatists D. Controversy with Pelagians II. Pelagius and Celestius III. Semipelagianism For Further Study

15. Transitions to the Middle Ages: Germanic Migrations, Doctrinal Developments, and the Papacy

I. When Did the Middle Ages Begin? II. The Migration of Nations in the West III. Christian Missions among the Goths IV. Movements of Specific Peoples A. The Vandals and North Africa B. The Visigoths (West Goths) and Spain C. The Suevians D. The Burgundians E. The Franks F. The Ostrogoths (East Goths) and Italy G. The Lombards and Italy V. Effects of the Barbarian Invasions A. The Christian Literary Response to the Invasions B. Effects on Society C. Effects on the Churches VI. The Later Stages of the Augustinian-Pelagian Controversy VII. The Development of the Papacy: Fourth and Fifth Centuries A. Fourth and Fifth Centuries before Leo the Great B. Leo the Great and Gelasius For Further Study

16. Eastern and Western Churches in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries

I. Theological Developments in the East before Justinian II. The Age of Justinian (527–65) in the East A. Military-Civil Achievements B. Religio-Political Policy C. Christian Culture of the Period of Justinian III. Benedict of Nursia, the “Patriarch of Western Monasticism” IV. Gregory the Great, the First Monkish Pope V. The Development of Liturgy VI. The Differences between the Eastern and Western Churches For Further Study

17. The Eastern Church from the Seventh to Eleventh Centuries

I. The Age of Heraclius and the Monothelete Controversy II. Paulicians III. The Impact of Islam A. Muhammad and His Christian Background B. Muslim Expansion C. The Christian Response to Islam IV. The Iconoclastic Controversy V. The Photian Schism VI. The Flowering of the Middle Byzantine Church VII. Missionary Expansion VIII. The Coptic Church For Further Study

18. The Western Church from the Seventh to Ninth Centuries

I. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Christianity A. Early History of Christianity in Britain and Ireland B. The Mission of Augustine to England C. Developments in Northumbria II. Anglo-Saxon Missions on the Continent A. Their Strategy B. Willibrord (658–739) C. Winfrid (673–754) III. The Age of Charlemagne in the West A. Charlemagne’s Predecessors: Pippin and the Papacy B. Military-Missionary Expansion under Charlemagne (768–814) C. Ecclesiastical Organization and Practices under Charlemagne D. The Establishment of Schools and the Intellectual Renaissance E. Theological Developments and Controversies F. Charlemagne’s Coronation as Emperor IV. Later Carolingian Culture and Its Problems A. Political Background B. The Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals C. Pope Nicholas I the Great (858–67) D. Controversy over the Lord’s Supper E. Gottschalk and Predestination F. Rabanus Maurus and John Scotus Eriugena V. Summary For Further Study

19. Decline and Renewal of Vitality in the West: The Ninth to Eleventh Centuries

I. The “Dark Ages” A. Invaders from Scandinavia B. The Decline of the Papacy C. Missionary Counterattack II. Monastic Revival: Cluny A. Protection and Autonomy B. Characteristics of Cluny C. The Influence of Cluny D. Related Developments III. Imperial Revival A. The Saxon Kings—the Ottonian Age B. The Salian Dynasty and the Papacy IV. Papal Revival V. The Schism between West and East (1054) A. Differences between East and West B. The Excommunications For Further Study

20. The Papal Reform Movement and the First Crusade

I. The Papacy and Gregory VII II. The Investiture Controversy A. The Context of the Conflict B. The Dispute between Gregory VII and Henry IV C. The Final Settlement III. The Sacrament of Penance IV. The First Crusade A. The Devolution of the Idea of Holy War for Christians B. The Preaching of the Crusade—Pope Urban II (1088–99) C. The Crusaders and the Fighting D. The Theological Aspect of Reunion E. Results of the Crusade For Further Study

21. Intellectual Revival: The Rise of Scholasticism

I. Aspects of Scholasticism II. The Second Eucharistic Controversy III. Theological Implications of the Controversy over Universals IV. Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) V. Peter Abelard (1079–1142) VI. The Later History of Scholasticism For Further Study

22. Monastic, Literary, Cultural, and Political Activities in the Twelfth Century

I. New Monastic Types A. Renewed Monastic Vitality B. Cistercians II. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) III. Other Important Thinkers of the Twelfth Century A. Hugh of St. Victor (d. 1142) B. Otto of Freising (c. 1114–58) C. John Gratian (d. c. 1160) D. John of Salisbury (c. 1115–80) E. Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160) F. Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179) G. Non-Christian Thinkers IV. The Church and the Arts A. Romanesque Architecture B. Sculpture and Painting C. Poetry and Music V. Acts of Piety VI. Church and State in the Twelfth Century VII. Institutional Life of the Church VIII. Some Developments in the Eastern Churches IX. Summary For Further Study

23. The Glory of the Western Medieval Church: The Thirteenth Century

I. Innocent III (1198–1216) A. View of the Papacy B. Relations with the Empire and Frederick II C. Relations with England D. Fourth Crusade E. Fourth Lateran Council II. The Mendicant Religious Orders A. Dominic (c. 1170–1221) and the Dominicans B. Francis of Assisi (1182–1226) and the Franciscans C. New Features of the Mendicant Orders III. The Organization of Universities IV. Thomas Aquinas (1225–74) V. Franciscan Alternatives to Thomas Aquinas VI. Popular Piety VII. Gothic Architecture and Art VIII.Summary For Further Study

24. Portents of Decline

I. Late Medieval Dissent: The Problem of Division A. Samples of Earlier Heretical Teachers B. Poverty and Penitential Movements C. Waldenses D. Cathari or Albigensians E. Crusade and Inquisition F. Philosophical Error II. Women’s Spirituality: The Problem of Comprehensiveness III. The Jews: A Problem of Toleration IV. The Council of Lyons (1274): The Problem of Relations with the East A. Leading Figures of the Time B. Proceedings at the Council C. Aftermath of the Council V. Christianity on the Frontiers: Problems of Missions VI. Worship and Pastoral Care: A Problem in the Religious Life VII. Eschatology and Fanaticism: A Problem of Hope VIII. Boniface VIII (1294–1303): The Problem of the National Monarchies A. Boniface’s Predecessor, Celestine V B. Boniface VIII (1294–1303): “Pride Goes before a Fall” C. Aftermath IX. Summary For Further Study

General Bibliography

Reference Works Other Works

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