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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Tables and Figures
About the Editors
About the Authors
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction: Advancing Methods in Social Epidemiology
What Is Social Epidemiology?
What Is Social Epidemiologic Methodology?
Three Fundamental Issues
Advancing Further Still
References
PART ONE: MEASURES AND MEASUREMENT
Chapter 2: The Measurement of Socioeconomic Status
What Is Socioeconomic Status?
Why Does it Matter?
How Is SES Measured?
How Should SES Be Measured?
Recommendations and Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Measuring and Analyzing “Race,” Racism, and Racial Discrimination
Concepts
Measurement
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Measuring Poverty
What Does It Mean to be Poor?
Early Attempts at Constructing Poverty Budgets (Thresholds)
Current Methods of Poverty Measurement
NRC Panel Recommendations
Impact on Elderly and Child Poverty
Progress Toward Adoption of a New Poverty Measure
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Health Inequalities: Measurement and Decomposition
Issues
Measures
Decomposition of Inequalities
Conclusions
References
Appendix
Chapter 6: A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Segregation and Its Association with Population Outcomes
What Is Segregation?
Why Does Segregation Matter?
Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Segregation
Measures of Residential Segregation
The Association of Segregation with Population Outcomes
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Measures of Residential Community Contexts
Measurement Strategies for Residential Neighborhoods
Observational Measures of Neighborhoods
Measures on Perceptions of Neighborhoods
Bringing in the Community Perspective
Future Directions on Measuring Neighborhood Environments
References
PART TWO: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
Chapter 8: Community-Based Participatory Research: Rationale and Relevance for Social Epidemiology
Definition and Principles of CBPR
CBPR and Social Epidemiology
Deciding Whether or Not to Use a CBPR Approach
The Process of CBPR
Common Pitfalls/Challenges and Facilitating Factors in CBPR
Discussion
Conclusion: “Push Beyond the Research”
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Social Network Analysis for Epidemiology
Introduction to Network Concepts
Study Design and Data Collection Methods
Analytic Approaches
Future Directions for SNA
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10: Fieldwork with In-Depth Interviews: How to Get Strangers in the City to Tell You Their Stories
Logistics
How to Talk to Strangers So It Does Not Feel Strange
Conclusion: One Size Does Not Fit All, and Try, Try, Again
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11: Experimental Social Epidemiology: Controlled Community Trials
Randomization and Dependence
Implications of Clustering—Proper Inference in Community Trials
Efficient Allocation of Resources Subject to Constraints
Example of Designing a GRT and Some Further Issues
Implementation of Randomized Community Trials
Summary
References
Chapter 12: Propensity Score Matching for Social Epidemiology
The Counterfactual Framework
Propensity Score Matching Methods
Worked Example
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Longitudinal Approaches to Social Epidemiologic Research
Analytic Approaches to Describe Longitudinal Patterns
Analytic Approaches to Address Sources of Bias in Longitudinal Research
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1. MPLUS Code for Unconditional Growth Model
Appendix 2. MPLUS Code for Growth Model with Covariates
Appendix 3. SAS Code for Hierarchical Age–Period–Cohort Model Described in Figure 13.5
Appendix 4. SAS Code to Estimate Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights
Appendix 5. SAS Code to Estimate Marginal Structural Models
Chapter 14: Fixed Effects and Difference-in-Differences
Methods
Applications
Conclusion
Key Readings and Resources
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15: Fixed Versus Random Effects Models for Multilevel and Longitudinal Data
Between Versus Within Cluster Variables
Fixed Effects
Random Effects
Hybrid Effects
Marginal Models
An Applied Multilevel Example and Comparison of Results from Different Models
Multilevel and Longitudinal Literature Examples
Summary and Recommendations for Further Reading
References
Chapter 16: Mediation Analysis in Social Epidemiology
The Product Method for Mediation Analysis
Counterfactual Approach to Mediation Analysis
Controlled or Natural Effects?
Decomposition of Racial Inequalities in Health
Exposure-Induced Mediator-Outcome Confounding
Mediation Analysis with Multiple Mediators
Sensitivity Analyses
Other Topics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: A Roadmap for Estimating and Interpreting Population Intervention Parameters
Roadmap
Other Parameters and Future Directions
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18: Using Causal Diagrams to Understand Common Problems in Social Epidemiology
Some Background Definitions
Graphical Models
Applying DAGs to Guide Analyses in Social Epidemiology
Caveats and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19: Natural Experiments and Instrumental Variables Analyses in Social Epidemiology
Motivations for Using Instrumental Variables in Social Epidemiology Research
Assumptions and Estimation in IV Analyses
Framing Natural Experiments and IVs Causally
A Good Instrument Is Hard to Find
Limitations of IV Analyses
Conclusion
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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