Islamic History by Publishing, Britannica Educational -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Introduction Chapter One: The Precursors of Islam (c. 3000 BCE–500 CE)

The Rise of Agrarian-Based Citied Societies Cultural Core Areas of the Settled World

The Nile-to-Oxus Region The Arabian Peninsula

Chapter Two: Formation and Orientation (c. 500–634)

The City of Mecca: Centre of Trade and Religion

Mecca Under the Quraysh Clans New Social Patterns Among the Meccans and Their Neighbours

The Prophet Muhammad

Muhammad’s Years in Mecca Muhammad’s Emigration to Yathrib (Medina) Battle of Badr Battle of the Ditch

Islam at Muhammad’s Death Abu Bakr’s Succession

Riddah

Chapter Three: Conversion and Crystallization (634–870)

Social and Cultural Transformations ‘Umar I’s Succession

The Spirit of Conquest Under ‘Umar I Forging the Link of Activism with Faithfulness

‘Uthman’s Succession and Policies

Discontent in ‘Uthman’s Reign Intra-Muslim Conflicts

The Four Fitnahs

The First Fitnah The Second Fitnah Battle of Siffin The Emergent Islamic Civilization Dome of the Rock The Third Fitnah Sunnis and Shi‘ites The ‘Abbasids Harun al-Rashid Shari‘ah The Fourth Fitnah Al-Bukhari

Chapter Four: Fragmentation and Florescence (870–1041)

The Rise of Competitive Regions Andalusia, the Maghrib, and Sub-Saharan Africa

‘Abd al-Rahman I

Egypt, Syria, and the Holy Cities

The Fatimid Dynasty Al-Azhar University The Hamdanid Dynasty

Iraq

Cultural Flowering in Iraq Al-Tabari The Buyid Dynasty

Iran, Afghanistan, and India

The Samanids The Ghaznavids

The Decline of the Caliphate and Rise of Emirates

Chapter Five: Migration and Renewal (1041–1405)

Turks

Seljuq Turks Policies of Nizam al-Mulk Nizam al-Mulk Tariqah Fellowships

Franks

The Call for the Crusades Effects of the Crusades in Syria Saladin

Mongols

Genghis Khan First Mongol Incursions Conversion of Mongols to Islam Ascent of the Ottoman Turks Timur’s Efforts to Restore Mongol Power Timur

Arabs Imazighen

The Sanhajah Confederation The Almoravid Dynasty The Almohad Dynasty Continued Spread of Islamic Influence

Chapter Six: Consolidation and Expansion (1405–1683)

Ottomans

Continuation of Ottoman Rule Reign of Süleyman I Süleyman I The Extent of Ottoman Administration

Safavids

Expansion in Iran and Beyond Shah ‘Abbas I Decline of Central Authority

Indo-Timurids (Mughals)

Foundation by Babur Reign of Akbar Continuation of the Empire Shah Jahan

Trans-Saharan Islam Indian Ocean Islam

Chapter Seven: Islamic History from 1683 to the Present: Reform, Dependency, and Recovery

Pre-colonial Reform and Experimentation (1683 to 1818) The Rise of British Colonialism to the End of the Ottoman Empire Islam and Nationalism in the Age of Globalization (The Early 20th Century to the Present)

Reform and Revival in the Colonial Period Rashid Rida Nationalism: Postcolonial States and Islam Muslim Brotherhood Islamist Movements from the 1960s Ruhollah Khomeini The Mainstreaming of Islamist Movements Dimensions of the Islamic Revival Islam and Globalization: The Age of Mobility

Glossary For Further Reading Index

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