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Index
Cover Title Copyright Dedication Contents at a Glance Contents About the Authors About the Technical Reviewers Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Operating System Fundamentals
The Role of the Operating System Process Management Process Address Spaces Operating System Services Virtual Memory Scheduling Hardware and Drivers Summary
Chapter 2: Mac OS X and iOS
Programming APIs Supported Platforms 164-bit Operating System iOS The XNU Kernel
Kernel Extensions (KEXTs) Mach The BSD Layer The I/O Kit
Summary
Chapter 3: Xcode and the Kernel Development Environment
Summary
Chapter 4: The I/O Kit Framework
The I/O Kit Model Object Relationship The Info.plist File
The Driver Class IORegistryExplorer
The Kernel Library: libkern
OSObject Container Classes
Summary
Chapter 5: Interacting with Drivers from Applications
The I/O Kit Framework Finding a Driver Observing Device Removal Modifying Driver Properties State-Based Interaction Notifications from the Driver Summary
Chapter 6: Memory Management
Types of Memory
CPU Physical Address Bus Physical Addresses User and Kernel Virtual Addresses Memory Ordering: Big vs. Little Endian 32-bit vs. 64-bit Memory Addressing
Memory Allocation
Low-Level Allocation Mechanisms The Mach Zone Allocator The kalloc Family Memory Allocation in BSD I/O Kit Memory Allocation Allocating Memory with the C++ New Operator
Memory Descriptors
The IOBufferMemoryDescriptor Other Memory Descriptors
Mapping Memory
Mapping Memory from a User Space Task into Kernel Space The IOMemoryMap Class Mapping Memory from the Kernel to a User Space Task Mapping Memory to a Specific User Space Task Physical Address Mapping
Summary
Chapter 7: Synchronization and Threading
Synchronization Primitives Atomic Operations Locking
Spin locks Mutexes Condition Variables Read/Write Mutexes
Synchronizing Asynchronous Events: Work Loops
IOCommandGate Timers Releasing Work Loops
Kernel Threads Summary
Chapter 8: Universal Serial Bus
USB Architecture
USB Transfer Speeds Host Controllers The USB Protocol Endpoints USB Descriptors USB Device Classes
I/O Kit USB Support
USB Device and Driver Handling Loading USB Drivers USB Prober Driver Example: USB Mass Storage Device Driver Driver Startup Handling Device Removals Enumerating Interfaces Enumerating Endpoints Performing Device Requests Performing I/O to Bulk and Interrupt Endpoints
Summary
Chapter 9: PCI Express and Thunderbolt
Configuration Space Registers PCI in I/O Kit
Matching and Loading Drivers Driver Example: A Simple PCI Driver Accessing Configuration Space Registers PCI I/O Memory Regions Handling Device Removal
Interrupts Direct Memory Access Summary
Chapter 10: Power Management
The I/O Registry Power Plane Power Management in the I/O Kit Responding to Power State Changes Requesting Power State Changes Handling Device Idle Observing Device Power State Changes Putting It All Together Summary
Chapter 11: Serial Port Drivers
Mac OS X Serial Port Architecture Overview Serial Port Drivers Implementing the IOSerialDriverSync Class Serial Port State Serial Port Events Serial Data Transfer Accessing a Serial Port from User Space Summary
Chapter 12: Audio Drivers
An Introduction to Digital Audio and Audio Devices Core Audio I/O Kit Audio Support Implementing an Audio Driver
Driver and Hardware Initialization Registering Audio Controls Implementing an Audio Engine I/O Engine Initialization Additional Audio Engine Functionality
Summary
Chapter 13: Networking
Network Memory Buffers Working with Memory Buffers Network Kernel Extensions
Kernel Control KPI Socket Filters Internet Protocol Filters Interface Filters
Debugging and Testing Network Extensions Networking in the I/O Kit
Building a Simple Ethernet Controller Driver The Design of MyEthernetDriver Driver Initialization and Startup Medium and Status Selection Configuring the Device Hardware Address Enabling and Disabling the Device Transmitting Network Packets Receiving Packets Taking MyEthernetDriver for a Test-Drive
Summary
Chapter 14: Storage Systems
Transport Layer Drivers The IOBlockStorageDevice Interface Building a RAM Disk Device Partition Schemes
Implementing a Sample Partition Scheme The Media Content Hint Property
Media Filter Drivers
A Sample Filter Scheme for Encryption Creating a Custom GUID Partition Table
Summary
Chapter 15: User-Space USB Drivers
Behind the Scenes The IOUSBLib Framework Handling Asynchronous Operations The IOUSBDeviceInterface Class The IOUSBInterfaceInterface Class
Property Methods Endpoint Data Transfer Methods Low-Latency Isochronous Transfers
Summary
Chapter 16: Debugging
Common Types of Problems Kernel Panics Debugging Mechanisms
Recovering from Crashes During Boot Tracing with IOLog() Printing Stack Traces Remote Tracing over FireWire Remote Kernel Core Dumps KDB Remote Debugging with GDB over Ethernet or FireWire Live Debugging of a Running Kernel Debugging Using a Virtual Machine Debugging in the Kernel Using GDB Diagnosing Hung Processes with Activity Monitor Finding Memory and Resource Leaks
Summary
Chapter 17: Advanced Kernel Programming
SSE and Floating Point in the Kernel Multi-Function Drivers Writing I/O Kit Families Kernel Control KPI
Kernel Control Registration Client Connections Getting and Setting Options Accessing Kernel Controls from User Space
Working with Processes in the Kernel Loading Resources Beyond KEXT Resources Notifications from Kernel Drivers Summary
Chapter 18: Deployment
Installing and Loading Kernel Extensions Loading Preferences and Settings Versioning Kernel Extensions Testing and Quality Assurance Packaging KEXTs and Software
Building a Package for the Hello World Kernel Extension Adding Contents to the Package Configuring the Package Building the Package Uninstalling Packages
Summary
Index
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