A Companion to Rawls by Mandle, Jon -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Blackwell Companions to Philosophy Title page Copyright page Notes on Contributors Introduction Part I: Ambitions

1: From Philosophical Theology to Democratic Theory: Early Postcards from an Intellectual Journey

1. Introduction 2. The Philosophical Theology of the Undergraduate Thesis 3. Ethics as Science 4. From Ethics as Science to Moral Philosophy 5. From Moral Philosophy to Democratic Theory

2: Does Justice as Fairness Have a Religious Aspect?

1. What Does Rawls Think Gives a View a Religious Aspect? 2. Moral Philosophy and the Religious Temperament 3. What Gives Kant's View a Religious Aspect? 4. Justice as Fairness Has a Religious Aspect 5. Does Political Liberalism Have a Religious Aspect?

Part II: Method

3: Constructivism as Rhetoric

On What Metaethics Is The Trajectory of Rawls's Thought The Moral Point of Reflective Equilibrium Whither Constructivism? Morality as Metaethics Reasoning and the Moral Life

4: Kantian Constructivism

1. The Received History of the Dewey Lectures 2. Constructivism before the Dewey Lectures 3. Constructivism in the Dewey Lectures 4. Constructivism after the Dewey Lectures

5: The Basic Structure of Society as the Primary Subject of Justice

1. The Primacy of the Basic Structure – What It Means 2. The Social Nature of Human Relationships and the Profound Influence of Basic Social Institutions 3. The Basic Structure and the Ideals of Persons and Society 4. Distributive Justice and the Importance of Background Justice 5. Clarifications, Objections, and Responses

6: Rawls on Ideal and Nonideal Theory

1. Introduction 2. What Is Ideal Theory? 3. What Is Ideal Theory Good For? 4. Should Ideal Theory Set the Target? Should It Set Priorities? 5. Is Ideal Theory Too Utopian? 6. Is Ideal Theory Too Concessive to Human Nature? 7. Ideal Theory, Nonideal Theory and Action Guidance

7: The Choice from the Original Position

Part III: A Theory of Justice

8: The Priority of Liberty

1. Introduction 2. Three Arguments for the Priority of Liberty in Theory 3. A Kantian Reconstruction of the Hierarchy Argument 4. The Special Status of the Political Liberties 5. Conclusion: Implications for the American Practice of Civil Libertarianism

9: Applying Justice as Fairness to Institutions

Introduction Institutional Design, the Four-Stage Sequence and Pluralism The Basic Liberties and Democratic Institutions Fair Equality of Opportunity: Education, Health and Employment Health Care Employment The Family The Economy and the Difference Principle Conclusion

10: Democratic Equality as a Work-in-Progress

Introduction 1. What Is Democratic Equality? 2. Why Democratic Equality? 3. Productive Reciprocity 4. Disability and Mutual Care 5. Conclusion

11: Stability, a Sense of Justice, and Self-Respect

1. Stability, Its Role, and Rawls's Two Lines of Argument: A Brief Summary 2. Moral Psychology and a Sense of Justice 3. Self-Respect and the Kantian Interpretation 4. Values Not Lost in the Move to Political Liberalism

12: Political Authority, Civil Disobedience, Revolution

1. Political Authority and the Duty to Support Just Institutions 2. A Just Constitutional Regime 3. Justifiable Noncompliance: Civil Disobedience and Conscientious Refusal 4. Revolution 5. Conclusion

Part IV: A Political Conception

13: The Turn to a Political Liberalism

1. The Original Position and Stability in Theory: The Argumentative Structure 2. Stability in Theory: The Substantive Appeal to the Thin Theory 3. “The Fact of Reasonable Pluralism” 4. Shallow Political Liberalism: Reasonable Pluralism of the Good 5. Deep Political Liberalism: Reasonable Pluralism of the Right 6. Conclusion

14: Political Constructivism

Practices and Publicity Conceptions of Practical Reason Constructive Interpretation Modeling Convergence Justification Rather Than Determination Rawls's Kantian Phase

15: On the Idea of Public Reason

1. The Practice of Public Reason 2. The Basis of Public Reason 3. Religion and Public Reason

16: Overlapping Consensus

1. Introduction: Overlapping Consensus 2. Constitutional Consensus 3. Overlapping Consensus: Stability or Public Political Justification 4. Utilitarianism and Overlapping Consensus 5. Concluding Thoughts

17: Citizenship as Fairness: John Rawls's Conception of Civic Virtue

Rawls and Republicanism Rawlsian Civic Virtue Virtue, Friendship, and Social Concord Assessing Rawlsian Civic Virtue

18: Inequality, Difference, and Prospects for Democracy

Part V: Extending Political Liberalism: International Relations

19: The Law of Peoples

A Very Brief Intellectual History The Law of Peoples in the Greater Scheme of Rawls's Work LP and World Politics LP and IR Conclusion

20: Human Rights

1. Introduction 2. Rawls's Law of Peoples: Some Essential Orienting Background 3. Rawls on Human Rights: Some Exposition and Discussion of Key Passages 4. Some Critical Responses to Rawls's Conception of Human Rights and Notable Defenses: A General Overview 5. The Functions of Human Rights and the “List Question”: A Deeper Analysis 6. Some Areas for Further Reflection

21: Global Poverty and Global Inequality

A Global Political Conception Rawls's Grounds for Nonextrapolation The Cosmopolitanism of Equality and the Original Position Goals and Burdens of Assistance What Is It about Government? Beyond the Standard Case

22: Just War

1. The Just War Tradition 2. A Theory of Justice 3. The Law of Peoples

Part VI: Conversations with Other Perspectives

23: Rawls, Mill, and Utilitarianism

1. Rawls and Utilitarianism 2. Mill's Utilitarianism: Rawls's Interpretation 3. Against Rawls's Interpretation

24: Perfectionist Justice and Rawlsian Legitimacy

1. Justice and Legitimacy 2. The Diversity of Perfectionist Justice 3. The Principle of Liberal Legitimacy 4. A Brief Note on the Burdens of Judgment 5. Rawlsian Perfectionism 6. Conclusion

25: The Unwritten Theory of Justice: Rawlsian Liberalism versus Libertarianism

1. Constructing the Choice Position 2. The Content of Liberty 3. The Meaning of Equality 4. And yet … 5. Conclusion

26: The Young Marx and the Middle-Aged Rawls

1. The Standard Marxian Criticism 2. From Each/To Each and the Two Principles 3. Shared Ends 4. Alienation 5. Rawlsian Alienation 6. Rawlsian Fraternity 7. The Problem of Alienated Labor 8. Conclusion

27: Challenges of Global and Local Misogyny

Global and Local Misogyny Evils Principles for Individuals Containing Unavoidable Injustice “War” on Women Ideal Contracts, Original Positions, and Hypothetical Agreements Principles for Individual Self-Defense in a War on Women Guerrilla Feminism

28: Critical Theory and Habermas

1. Introduction 2. Immanent Critique and the Primacy of Practices 3. The Habermas/Rawls Exchange: On the Relation between Justice and Democracy 4. Conclusion: The Public Role and Character of Philosophy; Religion in the Public Square

29: Rawls and Economics

Rawls's Sources in Economics Rawls and the History of Economics Rawls and Decision Theory Subjective Preferences and Primary Goods Rawls and Marx Rawls and Capitalism Conclusion Appendix Tables

30: Learning from the History of Political Philosophy

The Questions of Political Philosophy How to Learn from History The Roles of Political Philosophy The Independence of Political Philosophy Rawls in the Social Contract Tradition Rawls in the History of Liberalism What Rawls Learned from Some of the Greats Interpreting Rawls Using Rawls's Interpretations of the Exemplars Rawls in the History of Political Philosophy

31: Rawls and the History of Moral Philosophy: The Cases of Smith and Kant

Introduction Adam Smith and Utilitarianism Kant, Deontology and Teleology

Index

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