Oracle Essentials by Rick Greenwald, Robert Stackowiak -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Oracle Essentials Preface

Goals of This Book Audience for This Book About the Fifth Edition (Oracle Database 12c) Structure of This Book Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

1. Introducing Oracle

The Evolution of the Relational Database

Relational Basics How Oracle Grew

The Oracle Database Family Summary of Oracle Database Features Database Application Development Features

Database Programming

SQL PL/SQL Java Oracle and Web Services Large objects Object-oriented programming Third-generation languages (3GLs) Database drivers The Oracle Call Interface National Language Support

Database Extensibility

Oracle Multimedia Oracle Spatial and Graph Option XML DB

Database Connection Features

Oracle Net Services Oracle Internet Directory Oracle Connection Manager

The Role of Oracle Fusion Middleware

Oracle’s WebLogic Server Oracle Tuxedo Data Integration Tools Business Intelligence Tools WebCenter Identity Management

Distributed Database Features

Distributed Queries and Transactions Heterogeneous Services

Data Movement Features

Transportable Tablespaces Advanced Queuing and Oracle Streams

Database Performance Features

Database Parallelization Data Warehousing

Bitmap indexes Star query optimization Materialized views Analytic functions OLAP Option Advanced Analytics Option

Managing the Oracle Database

Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Real Application Testing Option Pluggable Databases Storage Management High Availability

Flashback Recovery Manager Oracle Secure Backup Data Guard Fail Safe Oracle Real Application Clusters

Database Security Features

Advanced Security Option Label Security Option Database Vault Option Audit Vault and Database Firewall Option

Oracle Database Development Tools

Oracle SQL Developer Oracle Application Express

Other Oracle Databases

Oracle MySQL Berkeley DB & Oracle NoSQL Database Oracle TimesTen Cloudera Distribution of Hadoop

2. Oracle Architecture

Databases and Instances

Oracle Database Structures

Schemas Tablespaces Files of a database

Pluggable Databases

Implementation PDBs and Oracle features

Database Initialization

Deploying Physical Components

Control Files Datafiles

Datafile structure Extents and segments

Redo Logfiles

Multiplexing redo logfiles How Oracle uses the redo logs Naming conventions for redo logs Archived redo logs ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving

Instance Memory and Processes

Memory Structures for an Instance

Database buffer cache Shared pool Redo log buffer Other pools in the SGA Automatic PGA management

Background Processes for an Instance

Configuration, Engineered Systems, and the Cloud The Data Dictionary

3. Installing and Running Oracle

Installing Oracle

Optimal Flexible Architecture Supporting Multiple Oracle Versions on a Machine Upgrading an Oracle Database

Creating a Database

Planning the Database The Value of Estimating Tools for Creating Databases

Oracle Net Services and Oracle Net

Resolving Oracle Net Service Names Global Data Services Oracle Net Manager Oracle Connection Pooling Auto-Discovery and Agents Oracle Net Configuration Files

Starting Up the Database Shutting Down the Database Accessing a Database

Server Processes and Clients

Server process Client process

Application Servers and Web Servers As Clients Oracle Net and Establishing Network Connections The Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server

Session memory for shared server processes versus dedicated server processes Data dictionary information about the shared server

Database Resident Connection Pooling

Oracle in the Cloud Oracle at Work

Oracle and Transactions Flashback A Transaction, Step by Step

4. Oracle Data Structures

Datatypes

Character Datatypes Numeric Datatype Date Datatype

Temporal validity

Other Datatypes Type Conversion Concatenation and Comparisons NULLs

Basic Data Structures

Tables

Editions

Views Indexes

B*-tree indexes Reverse key indexes Bitmap indexes Function-based indexes Invisible indexes Storage indexes

Partitioning

Additional Data Structures

Sequences Synonyms Clusters Hash Clusters

Extended Logic for Data

Rules Manager The Expression Filter

Data Design Constraints Triggers Query Optimization

Rule-Based Optimization Cost-Based Optimization

How statistics are used Influencing the cost-based optimizer

Specifying an Optimizer Mode

Newer database releases and the cost-based optimizer

Saving the Optimization Comparing Optimizations Performance and Optimization

SQL Translation Understanding the Execution Plan SQL Advisors Data Dictionary Tables

5. Managing Oracle

Manageability Features

Database Advisors Automatic Storage Management

Oracle Enterprise Manager

Enterprise Manager Architecture Oracle Enterprise Manager Consoles EM Express

Backup and Recovery

Types of Backup and Recovery Options Oracle Secure Backup Information Lifecycle Management ILM in Oracle Database 12c

Working with Oracle Support

Reporting Problems Automated Patching

6. Oracle Security, Auditing, and Compliance

Security

Usernames, Privileges, Groups, and Roles Identity Management Security Privileges Special Roles: DBA, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER Policies Restricting Data-Specific Access

View-based security Fine-grained access control

Label Security Option Security and Application Roles and Privileges Distributed Database and Multitier Security

Distributed security management Multitier security

Advanced Security Option Encryption Data Redaction Secure Backup

Auditing Compliance

Oracle Database Vault Option Oracle Audit Vault Server Flashback Data Archive Transparent Sensitive Data Protection

7. Oracle Performance

Oracle and Resource Usage

Oracle and Disk I/O Resources I/O Planning Principles for an Oracle Database

Volume managers Storage subsystems Oracle’s engineered systems and storage

Oracle and Parallelism

Block-Range Parallelism Parallelism for Tables and Partitions of Tables What Can Be Parallelized?

Degree of parallelism Self-tuning adaptive parallelism

Partition-Based Parallelism

Parallelism for partitions and subpartitions of a table Fast full-index scans for nonpartitioned tables Parallel insert for nonpartitioned and partitioned tables

Oracle and Memory Resources

How Oracle Uses the System Global Area

Automatic sizing for the SGA The database buffer cache The shared pool The redo log buffer Query results caching

How Oracle Uses the Program Global Area

Memory for SQL statements Memory for sorting within the PGA

Oracle and CPU Resources Performance Tuning Basics

Defining Performance and Performance Problems Monitoring and Tuning the Oracle Database for Performance Using the Oracle Database Resource Manager Additional Monitoring and Tuning Available for Oracle Exadata A Final Note on Performance Tuning

8. Oracle Multiuser Concurrency

Basics of Concurrent Access

Transactions Locks Concurrency and Contention Integrity Problems Serialization

Oracle and Concurrent User Access Oracle’s Isolation Levels Oracle Concurrency Features How Oracle Handles Locking

A Simple Write Operation A Conflicting Write Operation A Read Operation

Concurrent Access and Performance Workspaces

Workspace Implementation Workspace Operations Workspace Enhancements

9. Oracle and Transaction Processing

OLTP Basics

What Is a Transaction? What Does OLTP Mean?

General characteristics Online and batch transaction processing

OLTP Versus Business Intelligence Transactions and High Availability

Oracle’s OLTP Heritage Architectures for OLTP

Traditional Two-Tier Client/Server Stored Procedures Three-Tier Systems Application Servers and Web Servers The Grid OLTP and the Cloud

Oracle Features for OLTP

General Concurrency and Performance Scalability

Multi-Threaded Server/shared server Database Resource Manager

Real Application Clusters Exadata and OLTP

High Availability

10. Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

Data Warehousing Basics

The Evolution of Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence A Topology for Business Intelligence Data Marts The Operational Data Store and Enterprise Warehouse OLTP Systems and Business Intelligence Big Data and the Data Warehouse

Data Warehouse Design Query Optimization

Bitmap Indexes and Parallelism Optimization Provided by the Exadata Storage Server Software

Dimensional Data and Hierarchies in the Database

Summary Tables Materialized Views OLAP Option

Analytics and Statistics in the Database

Basic Analytic and Statistical Functions Other SQL Extensions Advanced Analytics Option

Other Datatypes and Big Data Loading Data into the Data Warehouse Managing the Data Warehouse Business Intelligence Tools

Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation Suite Business Intelligence Applications Data Discovery and Oracle Endeca Information Discovery Oracle Exalytics

The Metadata Challenge Putting It All Together

A Complete Analytics Infrastructure Best Practices Common Misconceptions Effective Strategy

11. Oracle and High Availability

What Is High Availability?

Measuring High Availability

The System Stack and Availability

Server Hardware, Storage, and Database Instance Failure What Is Instance Recovery? Phases of Instance Recovery

Protecting Against System Failure

Component Redundancy Disk Redundancy Automatic Storage Management

Site and Computer Server Failover

Oracle Data Guard and Site Failures Oracle Active Data Guard and Zero Data Loss Oracle GoldenGate and Replication Real Application Clusters and Instance Failures Oracle Transparent Application Failover

How TAF works TAF and various Oracle configurations

Oracle Application Continuity

Recovering from Failures and Data Corruption

Developing a Backup-and-Recovery Strategy Taking Oracle Backups Using Backups to Recover Recovery Manager Read-Only Tablespaces and Backups Old-Fashioned Data Redundancy Point-in-Time Recovery Flashback

Planned Downtime

12. Oracle and Hardware Architecture

System Basics

Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems and Nodes Clustered Solutions, Grid Computing, and the Cloud Disk and Storage Technology

Oracle’s Engineered Systems

Oracle Exadata Database Machine Oracle Exalogic Oracle SuperCluster Oracle Database Appliance Other Engineered Systems

Choosing and Defining the Right Platform

Sizing and Planning for Growth Maximum Availability Architecture Considerations Justifying an Oracle Engineered System

13. Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data

Accessing Distributed Databases

Distributed Data Across Multiple Oracle Databases Access to and from Non-Oracle Databases Two-Phase Commit Oracle Tuxedo

Replication and Data Transport

Replication Basics History of Oracle Replication Offerings Oracle GoldenGate Global Data Services Data Transport Using Database Features

14. Oracle Extended Datatypes

Object-Oriented Development

Object-Relational Features

Objects in Oracle Other extensibility features

Java’s Role and Web Services JavaBeans

Extensibility Features and Options

Oracle Multimedia Oracle Text XML DB Oracle Spatial and Graph Option

The Extensibility Architecture Framework

15. Oracle and the Cloud

Cloud Definitions

Common Characteristics Cloud Levels Is the Cloud New?

Multitenancy Stateless

Use Cases for Cloud Computing

Oracle Database in the Cloud

Oracle as a DBaaS Oracle as a PaaS Consumer and Provider

Oracle Database Cloud Service

History of Application Express Architecture

Database Cloud architecture Access architecture Security and architecture APEX architecture

Development with the Database Cloud Service

APEX application development SQL Workshop Packaged applications RESTful Web Services Portability with the Database Cloud Service

SQL Developer and the Database Cloud

Implementing Provider Clouds

A. What’s New in This Book for Oracle Database 12c

Chapter 1: Introducing Oracle Chapter 2: Oracle Architecture Chapter 3: Installing and Running Oracle Chapter 4: Data Structures Chapter 5: Managing Oracle Chapter 6: Oracle Security, Auditing, and Compliance Chapter 7: Oracle Performance Chapter 8: Oracle Multiuser Concurrency Chapter 9: Oracle and Transaction Processing Chapter 10: Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Chapter 11: Oracle and High Availability Chapter 12: Oracle and Hardware Architecture Chapter 13: Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data Chapter 14: Oracle Extended Datatypes Chapter 15: Oracle and the Cloud

B. Additional Resources

Web Sites Books and Oracle Documentation

Index About the Authors Colophon Copyright

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →