Communication in a Civil Society by Lane, Shelley D. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Brieft Contents Table of Contents Specialized Contents Preface About the Authors Preface Part I Foundations of Communication

1 A First Look at Civil Communication

Civil and Ethical Communication

Civility and Civil Communication Trends in Technology and Social Media Civility Initiatives Ethics and Ethical Communication Ask the Ethicist What’s Ethical? The Relationship Between Civil and Ethical Communication A Case Study Ethics ‘Marriage Is So Gay’

Defining Communication Types of Communication

Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Small Group Communication Public Communication Mediated and Technology-Based Communication Trends in Technology and Social Media How Do New Media Affect Us?

Models of Communication

Action and Interaction Feedback Models of Communication A Transactional Model of Communication

Contexts of Communication

The Culture Context The Workplace Context The Gender Context

Improving Our Ability to Communicate Civilly and Effectively: Principles of Communication

Communication Is Irreversible Communication Is an Ongoing Process Communication Is Inevitable Understanding the Principles of Communication Tech Check Assessing Your Self-Perceived Communication Competence

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

2 Perceiving the Self and Others

Definition of Perception and Self-Concept

What Is Perception? What Is Self-Concept?

Perception, Self-Concept, and Civility Stages in the Perception Process

Selection Organization Interpretation Differences in Perception Ask the Ethicist Influencing Others’ Perceptions of Me

Theoretical Perspectives about Perception

Attribution Theory Implicit Personality Theory Cultural Influences on Perception

Characteristics of the Self-Concept

Self-Image Self-Esteem Tech Check Assessing Your Ability to Self-Monitor Trends in Technology and Social Media Perception, Self-Concept, and Computer-Mediated Communication The Influence of Others on the Self-Concept The Influence of Culture on Self-Concept The Influence of the Workplace on Self-Concept The Influence of Gender on the Self-Concept A Case Study in Ethics ‘I’m a Loser . . .’

Improving Our Ability to Communicate Civilly and Effectively about our Perceptions Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

3 Civil Verbal Communication

Definition of Verbal Communication Verbal Communication and Meaning

The Triangle of Meaning Denotative and Connotative Meanings Shortcuts in Communication: Jargon and Slang Verbal Communication and Gender Trends in Technology and Social Media ‘GR8 Tweet!’ The Coordinated Management of Meaning

Verbal Communication and Thought

Words That Strongly Influence Thought Words That Subtly Influence Thought Verbal Communication and Culture

Improving Our Ability to Engage in Civil and Effective Verbal Communication

Abstraction Ask the Ethicist Why Can’t I Just Say What I Want? Civil Communication: Using Specific and Concrete Words Allness Civil Communication: Indexing and Owning Thoughts and Feelings

Uncivil Language: Profanity and Cursing

A Case Study in Ethics The Cursing Prof and ‘Conservative Coming Out Week’

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

4 Civil Nonverbal Communication

Definition of Nonverbal Communication Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Repeating Substituting Accenting Complementing Regulating Ask the Ethicist ‘Mandatory’ Social Gatherings Trends in Technology and Social Media Email, ‘Second Life,’ and Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication and Culture

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics Paralanguage Physical Characteristics A Case Study in Ethics Hair Today, Gone from School Tomorrow Environment Nonverbal Communication and Gender

Road Rage: Nonverbal Communication and Incivility Deception and Nonverbal Communication

Lab Studies Naturalistic Studies

Improving Our Ability to Communicate with Civil and Effective Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors

Tech Check The Nonverbal Immediacy Scale Immediacy and Your Career

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

5 Civil Listening and Responding with Confirmation

Definition of Listening

Tech Check Listening Preference Profile

Listening, Civility, and Ethics

Uncivil Listening: Disconfirming Others Civil Listening: Confirming Others Ask the Ethicist Do I Have to Listen?

Stages and Types of Listening

Stage 1: Hearing and Appreciative Listening A Case Study in Ethics Cochlear Implants Stage 2: Understanding and Comprehensive Listening Stage 3: Remembering Stage 4: Interpreting and Empathic Listening Stage 5: Evaluating and Critical Listening Stage 6: Responding and Active Listening

Improving Our Ability to Engage in Civil and Effective Listening

Stage 1: Improving the Ability to Hear Messages and Engage in Appreciative Listening Stage 2: Improving the Ability to Understand Messages and Engage in Comprehensive Listening Stage 3: Improving the Ability to Remember Messages Stage 4: Improving the Ability to Interpret Messages and Engage in Empathic Listening Stage 5: Improving the Ability to Evaluate Messages and Engage in Critical Listening Stage 6: Improving the Ability to Respond to Messages and Engage in Active Listening

Confirming Listening Response Styles

Prompting and Questioning Reassuring and Expressing Concern Paraphrasing Thoughts and Feelings Trends in Technology and Social Media Supportive Communication

Listening, Confirming Responses, and Contexts

Listening, Confirming Responses, and Culture Listening, Confirming Responses, and Your Career Listening, Confirming Responses, and Gender

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

Part II Civil Interpersonal Communication

6 Interpersonal Relationships and Civil Communication

Definition and Types of Interpersonal Relationships

Impersonal and Personal Relationships Ask the Ethicist Is It Okay to Be Impersonal with Others? Family Relationships Friendships Tech Check Friendship Inventory Interpersonal Relationships and Culture Trends in Technology and Social Media Facebook and Friendship Interpersonal Relationships and Gender

Interpersonal Relationships and Civility

Interpersonal Relationships and Your Career

Theoretical Perspectives About Interpersonal Relationships

Attraction Theory Uncertainly Reduction Theory

Relational Communication

Content and Relational Levels of Communication Relational-Level Messages

Improving Our Ability to Communicate Civilly and Effectively With Metacommunication

Metacommunication at the Content Level of Meaning A Case Study in Ethics Cell Phone Subterfuge Metacommunication at the Relational Level of Meaning

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

7 Intimate Relationships, Romantic Relationships, and Civil Communication

Definition of Intimate and Romantic Relationships

Intimate Relationships Romantic Relationships Intimate Relationships, Romantic Relationships, and Gender Intimate Relationships, Romantic Relationships, and Culture Intimate Relationships, Romantic Relationships, and Your Career

Communication in Intimate and Romantic Relationships Self-Disclosure and Social Penetration Theory

Self-Disclosure Social Penetration Theory

Stage Models

Knapp and Vangelisti’s Staircase Model of Relationship Development Improving Our Ability to Communicate Civilly and Effectively in Stages of Relationship Development Tech Check Relational Maintenance Strategies Trends in Technology and Social Media The Internet, Social Media, and Relationship Initiation and Maintenance

Dialectical Tensions Model

Baxter’s Model of Dialectical Tensions in Relationships Ask the Ethicist ‘To Lie or Not to Lie; That Is the Question’ Improving Our Ability to Communicate Civilly and Effectively When Contending with Relational Dialectics

Intimate Relationships, Romantic Relationships, and Civility

A Case Study in Ethics The Secret Lover Collection

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

8 Civil Communication in Conflicts

Definition of Conflict

Situation Interdependence Incompatible Goals or Means Emotional Residues Sense of Urgency

Theoretical Perspectives on Conflict Behavior

Social Exchange Theory Styles Theory Tech Check Conflict Management Styles Phase Theory

Causes of Conflict

Conflict in Organizations and Groups Conflict in Relationships

Options in Conflict Management

A Case Study in Ethics Parents, Pixels, and Political Parties The Other-Oriented, Nonassertive Approach The Self-Oriented, Aggressive Approach The Relationship-Oriented, Assertive Approach Identifying Your Options Trends in Technology and Social Media What’s the Best Way to Do a Conflict?

Improving Our Ability to Communicate in Conflict Situations

The S-TLC Conflict Resolution System Civility and Effective Conflict Messages

Avoiding Violence in Conflicts Improving Our Ability to Come Together After Conflict

Understanding Forgiveness and Reconciliation Communicating Forgiveness and Reconciliation Asking for Forgiveness with Apologies Ask the Ethicist What’s So Bad About Revenge?

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

Part III Civil Small Group Communication

9 Civil Communication in Groups

Group Communication and Civility

Trends in Technology and Social Media Flaming and Group Communication

What Characterizes Groups?

Distinguishing Groups from Teams Identifying the Goal of a Group Short-Term, Task-Oriented Groups Long-Term, Relationship-Oriented Groups Virtual Groups Group Work and Productivity

How Groups Develop

Forming Storming Norming Performing Terminating

Creating Group Climate

Group Norms A Case Study in Ethics The Politics of Exclusion Responding to One Another Roles Members Play Cohesiveness: Balancing Fit and Diversity Ask the Ethicist Is Diversity a Matter of Ethics?

Power and Leadership in Groups

Power in Groups Leadership in Groups The Importance of Following Leadership Emergence in Groups How Do Men and Women Respond Differently to Group Situations?

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

10 Group Processes and Civil Communication

Group Problem Solving, Civility, and Ethics Communication and Decision Making in Groups

A Case Study in Ethics Are You Decision Fatigued? Patterns of Communication Trends in Technology and Social Media Twitter and Group Communication Decision-Making Patterns in Groups

Introduction To Group Processes

Group Problem Solving and Your Career

Problem-Solving: The Heart of Group Processes

Steps in Problem Solving Creativity and Problem Solving

Improving Our Ability To Engage in Civil and Effective Problem Solving

Vertical and Lateral Thinking Standard Problem-Solving Techniques Mind Mapping

Barriers To Effective Problem Solving

Groupthink The Abilene Paradox Ask the Ethicist Why Should I Speak Up? The Lucifer Effect

Handling Conflict in Groups

Instrumental/Task-Oriented Conflict Relationship-Oriented Conflict Identity-Oriented Conflict Process-Oriented Conflict

Improving Our Ability to Create Civil and Effective Group Meetings

Questions and Guidelines Related to Running Meetings Roles Members Play in Meetings Culture and Meeting Behavior Gender and Meeting Behavior

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

Part IV Civil Public Speaking

11 Preparing Civil Public Speeches

Engaging Your Audience with Civility

Considering Your Audience’s Psychographics Considering Your Audience’s Demographics Types of Audiences The Occasion A Case Study in Ethics ‘Discouraging Jeerers’

Planning Your Speech Topic

Determining the General Purpose of a Speech Selecting Your Topic and Generating Ideas Creating a Specific Speech Purpose Formulating the Thesis Statement

Organizing Your Information

Topical Organization Chronological Organization Spatial Organization Familiar to Unfamiliar Organization Comparing Advantages and Disadvantages Narration or Story-Telling Trends in Technology and Social Media YouTube and Public Speaking

Writing A Speech Outline

Creating the Body of the Speech First Creating a Formal Outline

Formulating The Introduction, Transitions, and Conclusion

Introduction Transitions Conclusion

Gathering and Using Supporting Material

Planning Your Supporting Material Gathering and Selecting Information Using Supporting Material Ask the Ethicist Sharing Resources

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

12 Delivering Public Speeches with Civility

Delivery, Civility, and Ethics

A Case Study in Ethics Uncivil Delivery

Controlling Anxiety

Understanding Communication Apprehension Tech Check Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety Techniques for Handling Nervousness Trends in Technology and Social Media Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) and Communication Apprehension

Methods of Delivery

Speaking from a Manuscript Speaking from Notes or an Outline Speaking from Memory Speaking with Little or No Preparation Speaking Extemporaneously

Techniques For Effective Delivery

Effective Vocal Delivery Good Use of Gestures and Nonverbal Communication Appropriate Eye Contact and Visual Delivery Proper Attire Communicating Emotions

Planning, Preparing, and Using Presentation AIDS

The Purpose of Presentation Aids When to Use Presentation Aids Using Presentation Software Ask the Ethicist Should Two Different Speakers Use the Same Visual Aids? Conveying Information on Slides

Practicing Your Speech

Using a Speech or Presentation Outline Practicing with Presentation Aids Simulating the Situation Practicing Delivery

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

13 Giving Civil Informative and Special Occasion Speeches

What Is Information? Informative Speech Purposes

Raising Awareness Providing New Information Making a Decision

The Process of Informing Audiences

Motivating the Audience Making the Information Accessible Trends in Technology and Social Media Taking Words Out of Context Using Clear Language

Composing An Informative Speech

Choosing a Strategy for Communicating Information Using Appropriate Supporting Material Using Visual Aids for Informative Speeches

Special Occasion Speeches

Types of Special Occasion Speeches Strategies for Giving Special Occasion Speeches A Case Study in Ethics ‘You’re Not Special!’

Informative Speeches, Special Occasion Speeches, and Civility: Avoiding Plagiarism

Forms of Plagiarism Ask the Ethicist Paying for Online Research Attributing Ideas to an Original Source

Sample Student Speech Hiv Home Testing Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

14 Giving Persuasive Speeches with Civility

What Is Persuasion?

Rhetoric and Argumentation A Case Study in Ethics Uncivil Persuasion The Persuasive Appeals

Persuasive Speech Purposes

To Strengthen Commitment To Weaken Commitment To Convert the Audience To Induce a Specific Action

The Process of Persuading Audiences

The Nature of Persuasive Arguments: The Toulmin Model Types of Claims Persuasion as an Interactive Process: The Elaboration Likelihood Model Directness of Approach Trends in Technology and Social Media Twitter and the Political Process Persuasive Outcomes

Composing A Persuasive Speech

Establishing Credibility Adapting to an Audience Structuring the Message

Persuasive Speaking and Incivility: Logical Fallacies

Definition and Types of Fallacies Avoiding Logical Fallacy Ask the Ethicist Using Fear Appeals and Personal Attacks

Persuasive Speaking and Civility: Invitational Rhetoric

Sample Student Speech Mandatory Minimums

Chapter Summary Civility Summary Review Questions

Notes Glossary Credits Index

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