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Index
Cover
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright Page
CONTENTS
The Politics
TRANSLATOR’S INTRODUCTION BY T. A. SINCLAIR
ARISTOTLE’S LIFE AND WORKS
ARISTOTLE’S ‘POLITICS’ IN THE PAST
ARISTOTLE’S POLITICS TODAY
Notes by the Reviser
REVISER’S INTRODUCTION BY T. J. SAUNDERS
A MODERN REPORT ON THE ‘POLITICS’
TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN THE LYCEUM
THE CONTENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE POLITICS
ARISTOTLE’S PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS
WHY READ THE ’POLITICS’?
THE REVISED TRANSLATION
Principles of Revision
Translation of Key Terms
Refractory Terms
Italicized Prefaces to Chapters
Numerical References
Footnotes
Bibliographies
Table of Contents and Index of Names
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THE POLITICS
BOOK I
PREFACE TO BOOK I
I: THE STATE AS AN ASSOCIATION
II: THE STATE EXISTS BY NATURE
THE TWO ‘PAIRS’
FORMATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD
FORMATION OF THE VILLAGE
FORMATION OF THE STATE
THE STATE AND THE INDIVIDUAL
III: THE HOUSEHOLD AND ITS SLAVES
IV: THE SLAVE AS A TOOL
V: SLAVERY AS PART OF A UNIVERSAL NATURAL PATTERN
VI: THE RELATION BETWEEN LEGAL AND NATURAL SLAVERY
VII: THE NATURE OF RULE OVER SLAVES
VIII: THE NATURAL METHOD OF ACQUIRING GOODS
IX: NATURAL AND UNNATURAL METHODS OF ACQUIRING GOODS
X: THE PROPER LIMITS OF HOUSEHOLD-MANAGEMENT; THE UNNATURALNESS OF MONEY-LENDING
XI: SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON THE CREATION OF MONOPOLY
XII: BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE AUTHORITY OF HUSBAND AND FATHER
XIII: MORALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN THE HOUSEHOLD
BOOK II
I: INTRODUCTION TO IDEAL STATES: HOW FAR SHOULD SHARING GO?
II: EXTREME UNITY IN PLATO’S REPUBLIC
III: EXTREME UNITY IS IMPRACTICABLE
IV: FURTHER OBJECTIONS TO COMMUNITY OF WIVES AND CHILDREN
V: THE OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY
VI: CRITICISMS OF PLATO’S LAWS’
VII: THE CONSTITUTION OF PHALEAS
VIII: THE CONSTITUTION OF HIPPODAMUS
IX: CRITICISM OF THE SPARTAN CONSTITUTION
THE HELOTS
SPARTAN WOMEN
PROPERTY
THE EPHORS
THE BOARD OF ELDERS
THE KINGS
THE COMMON MEALS
SOME FURTHER CRITICISMS
X: CRITICISM OF THE CRETAN CONSTITUTION
XI: CRITICISM OF THE CARTHAGINIAN CONSTITUTION
XII: SOLON AND SOME OTHER LAWGIVERS
BOOK III
I: HOW SHOULD WE DEFINE ‘CITIZEN’?
II: A PRAGMATIC DEFINITION OF ‘CITIZEN’
III: CONTINUITY OF IDENTITY OF THE STATE
IV: HOW FAR SHOULD THE GOOD MAN AND THE GOOD CITIZEN BE DISTINGUISHED?
V: OUGHT WORKERS TO BE CITIZENS?
VI: CORRECT AND DEVIATED CONSTITUTIONS DISTINGUISHED
VII: CLASSIFICATION OF CORRECT AND DEVIATED CONSTITUTIONS
VIII: AN ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONS
IX: THE JUST DISTRIBUTION OF POLITICAL POWER
X: JUSTICE AND SOVEREIGNTY
XI: THE WISDOM OF COLLECTIVE JUDGEMENTS
XII: JUSTICE AND EQUALITY
XIII: THE SOLE PROPER CLAIM TO POLITICAL POWER
XIV: FIVE TYPES OF KINGSHIP
XV: THE RELATION OF KINGSHIP AND LAW (1)
XVI: THE RELATION OF KINGSHIP AND LAW (2)
XVII: THE HIGHEST FORM OF KINGSHIP
XVIII: THE EDUCATION OF THE IDEAL KING
BOOK IV
I: THE TASKS OF POLITICAL THEORY
II: CONSTITUTIONS PLACED IN ORDER OF MERIT
III: WHY THERE ARE SEVERAL CONSTITUTIONS
IV: THE PARTS OF THE STATE AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEMOCRACIES
DEFINITIONS OF DEMOCRACY AND OLIGARCHY
THE PARTS OF THE STATE, AND RESULTING VARIETY AMONG CONSTITUTIONS (1)
PLATO ON THE PARTS OF THE STATE
THE PARTS OF THE STATE, AND RESULTING VARIETY AMONG CONSTITUTIONS (2)
VARIETIES OF DEMOCRACY
V: THE CLASSIFICATION OF OLIGARCHIES
VI: FOUR TYPES OF DEMOCRACY AND FOUR OF OLIGARCHY
VII: VARIETIES OF ARISTOCRACY
VIII: POLITY DISTINGUISHED FROM ARISTOCRACY
IX: POLITY AS A MIXTURE OF OLIGARCHY AND DEMOCRACY
X: THREE FORMS OF TYRANNY
XI: THE MERITS OF THE MIDDLE CONSTITUTION
XII: WHY DEMOCRATS AND OLIGARCHS SHOULD CULTIVATE THE MIDDLE GROUND
XIII: RIGHT AND WRONG STRATAGEMS TO ENSURE A MAJORITY FOR THE CONSTITUTION
XIV: THE DELIBERATIVE ELEMENT IN THE CONSTITUTION
XV: THE EXECUTIVE ELEMENT IN THE CONSTITUTION
XVI: THE JUDICIAL ELEMENT IN THE CONSTITUTION
BOOK V
I: EQUALITY, JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
II: SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE (1)
III: SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE (2)
IV: THE IMMEDIATE OCCASIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
V: WHY DEMOCRACIES ARE OVERTHROWN
VI: WHY OLIGARCHIES ARE OVERTHROWN
VII: THE CAUSES OF FACTIONS IN ARISTOCRACIES
VIII: HOW CONSTITUTIONS MAY BE PRESERVED (1)
IX: HOW CONSTITUTIONS MAY BE PRESERVED (2)
X: THE ORIGINS AND DOWNFALL OF MONARCHY
XI: METHODS OF PRESERVING MONARCHIES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO TYRANNY
XII: THE IMPERMANENCE OF TYRANNIES; PLATO ON CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
BOOK VI
I: HOW DO CONSTITUTIONS FUNCTION BEST?
II: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF DEMOCRACIES
III: WAYS OF ACHIEVING EQUALITY
IV: THE BEST DEMOCRACY
V: HOW DEMOCRACIES MAY BE PRESERVED
VI: THE PRESERVATION OF OLIGARCHIES (1)
VII: THE PRESERVATION OF OLIGARCHIES (2)
VIII: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF OFFICIALDOM
BOOK VII
I: THE RELATION BETWEEN VIRTUE AND PROSPERITY
II: THE ACTIVE LIFE AND THE PHILOSOPHIC LIFE (1)
III: THE ACTIVE LIFE AND THE PHILOSOPHIC LIFE (2)
IV: THE SIZE OF THE IDEAL STATE
V: THE TERRITORY OF THE IDEAL STATE
VI: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SEA
VII: THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE
VIII: MEMBERSHIP AND ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE
IX: CITIZENSHIP AND AGE-GROUPS
X: THE FOOD-SUPPLY AND THE DIVISION OF THE TERRITORY
XI: THE SITING AND DEFENCE OF THE CITY
XII: THE SITING OF MARKETS, TEMPLES AND COMMUNAL REFECTORIES
XIII: HAPPINESS AS THE AIM OF THE CONSTITUTION
XIV: EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP
XV: THE PROPER EDUCATION FOR CULTURED LEISURE
XVI: SEX, MARRIAGE AND EUGENICS
XVII: THE MAIN PERIODS OF EDUCATION; CENSORSHIP
BOOK VIII
I: EDUCATION AS A PUBLIC CONCERN
II: CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE AIMS OF EDUCATION
III: LEISURE DISTINGUISHED FROM PLAY; EDUCATION IN MUSIC (1)
IV: THE LIMITS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING
V: EDUCATION IN MUSIC (2)
VI: GENTLEMEN VERSUS PLAYERS
VII: MELODIES AND MODES IN EDUCATION
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GLOSSARIES
Greek-English
ENGLISH-GREEK
INDEX OF NAMES
Footnotes
Aristotle’s Politics Today
Page 26
Notes by the Reviser
Page 27
Teaching and Research in the Lyceum
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
The Contents and Structure of the Politics
Page 33
Page 34
Page 35
Aristotle’s Philosophical Assumptions
Page 37
Why Read the ’Politics’?
Page 38
Principles of Revision
Page 39
Translation of Key Terms
Page 40
Refractory Terms
Page 41
Italicized Prefaces to Chapters
Page 42
BOOK I
Preface to Book I
Page 51
I The State as an Association
Page 54
II: The State Exists by Nature
Page 55
Formation of the Household
Page 57
Formation of the Village
Page 58
Formation of the State
Page 59
Page 60
Page 61
III: The Household and Its Slaves
Page 62
IV: The Slave as a Tool
Page 63
Page 65
V: Slavery as Part of a Universal Natural Pattern
Page 67
Page 68
Page 69
VI: The Relation Between Legal and Natural Slavery
Page 71
Page 72
VII: The Nature of Rule Over Slaves
Page 73
Page 74
VIII: The Natural Method of Acquiring Goods
Page 75
Page 77
Page 79
IX: Natural and Unnatural Methods of Acquiring Goods
Page 81
Page 82
Page 83
Page 84
X: The Proper Limits of Household-Management; The Unnaturalness of Money-Lending
Page 86
Page 87
XI: Some Practical Considerations, Especially on The Creation of Monopoly
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
XII: Brief Analysis of The Authority of Husband and Father
Page 91
XIII: Morality and Efficiency in the Household
Page 92
Page 94
Page 95
Page 96
Page 97
BOOK II
I Introduction to Ideal States: How Far Should Sharing Go?
Page 101
Page 102
II: Extreme Unity in Plato’S Republic
Page 104
Page 105
III: Extreme Unity is Impracticable
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
IV: Further Objections to Community of Wives and Children
Page 109
Page 110
Page 111
Page 112
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
V: The Ownership of Property
Page 118
VI: Criticisms of Plato’S Laws’
Page 119
Page 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 124
Page 125
VII: The Constitution of Phaleas
Page 126
Page 127
Page 128
Page 129
Page 130
Page 131
VIII: The Constitution of Hippodamus
Page 132
Page 134
Page 135
Page 136
Page 138
IX: Criticism of The Spartan Constitution
Page 141
Spartan Women
Page 142
Property
Page 143
Page 144
The Ephors
Page 145
The Board of Elders
Page 146
The Kings
Page 147
The Kings
Page 148
X: Criticism of The Cretan Constitution
Page 149
Page 150
Page 151
Page 152
Page 153
XI: Criticism of The Carthaginian Constitution
Page 154
Page 156
Page 157
Page 158
XII: Solon and Some other Lawgivers
Page 159
Page 160
Page 161
Page 162
Page 163
Page 164
BOOK III
I How Should we Define ‘Citizen’?
Page 168
Page 169
Page 170
II: A Pragmatic Definition of ‘Citizen’
Page 171
Page 172
III: Continuity of Identity of The State
Page 174
Page 175
IV: How Far Should the Good Man and the Good Citizen be Distinguished?
Page 179
Page 180
Page 181
Page 182
V: Ought Workers to be Citizens?
Page 184
Page 185
VI: Correct and Deviated Constitutions Distinguished
Page 187
Page 188
VIII: An Economic Classification of Constitutions
Page 190
Page 191
Page 192
IX: The Just Distribution of Political Power
Page 195
Page 196
Page 197
Page 198
XI: The Wisdom of Collective Judgements
Page 202
Page 203
Page 204
Page 205
XII: Justice and Equality
Page 206
Page 207
Page 208
XIII: The Sole Proper Claim to Political Power
Page 211
Page 212
Page 213
Page 214
Page 215
XIV: Five Types of Kingship
Page 217
Page 218
XV: The Relation of Kingship and Law (1)
Page 222
Page 223
XVI: The Relation of Kingship and Law (2)
Page 224
Page 225
Page 226
Page 227
XVII: The Highest Form of Kingship
Page 228
Page 229
Page 230
XVIII: The Education of The Ideal King
Page 231
Page 232
BOOK IV
I The Tasks of Political Theory
Page 236
Page 237
II: Constitutions Placed in Order of Merit
Page 239
III: Why There are Several Constitutions
Page 240
Page 241
Page 242
Definitions of Democracy and Oligarchy
Page 244
Page 245
The Parts of The State, and Resulting Variety Among Constitutions (1)
Page 246
Plato on The Parts of The State
Page 247
The Parts of The State, and Resulting Variety Among Constitutions (2)
Page 248
Varieties of Democracy
Page 250
Page 251
V: The Classification of Oligarchies
Page 252
Page 254
Page 255
VII: Varieties of Aristocracy
Page 256
Page 257
VIII: Polity Distinguished from Aristocracy
Page 258
Page 259
Page 260
XI: The Merits of The Middle Constitution
Page 266
Page 267
Page 268
Page 269
XII: Why Democrats and Oligarchs Should Cultivate the Middle Ground
Page 272
XIII: Right and Wrong Stratagems to Ensure A Majority for the Constitution
Page 274
Page 275
XIV: The Deliberative Element in the Constitution
Page 277
Page 278
Page 279
XV: The Executive Element in the Constitution
Page 280
Page 282
Page 284
Page 285
Page 286
Page 287
XVI: The Judicial Element in the Constitution
Page 290
BOOK V
I Equality, Justice and Constitutional Change
Page 296
Page 297
Page 298
II: Sources of Constitutional Change (1)
Page 299
Page 300
III: Sources of Constitutional Change (2)
Page 301
Page 302
Page 303
Page 304
IV: The Immediate Occasions of Constitutional Change
Page 305
Page 306
Page 307
Page 308
Page 309
V: Why Democracies are Overthrown
Page 311
Page 312
VI: Why Oligarchies are Overthrown
Page 313
Page 315
Page 316
Page 317
VII: The Causes of Factions in Aristocracies
Page 318
Page 319
Page 320
Page 321
VIII: How Constitutions May be Preserved (1)
Page 324
Page 325
Page 326
Page 327
IX: How Constitutions May be Preserved (2)
Page 329
Page 330
X: The Origins and Downfall of Monarchy
Page 332
Page 334
Page 335
Page 336
Page 337
Page 338
Page 339
Page 340
Page 341
Page 342
XI: Methods of Preserving Monarchies, With Particular Reference to Tyranny
Page 344
Page 345
Page 346
Page 348
Page 349
Page 350
XII: The Impermanence of Tyrannies; Plato on Constitutional Change
Page 353
Page 354
Page 355
Page 356
BOOK VI
I How do Constitutions Function Best?
Page 359
Page 360
II: Principles and Practices of Democracies
Page 361
Page 363
III: Ways of Achieving Equality
Page 364
Page 365
Page 366
IV: The Best Democracy
Page 367
Page 368
Page 369
Page 370
Page 371
V: How Democracies May be Preserved
Page 372
Page 373
Page 374
Page 375
VII: The Preservation of Oligarchies (2)
Page 377
Page 378
VIII: A Comprehensive Review of Officialdom
Page 379
Page 380
Page 382
Page 383
Page 384
BOOK VII
I The Relation Between Virtue and Prosperity
Page 389
Page 391
Page 392
Page 393
II: The Active Life and The Philosophic Life (1)
Page 395
Page 396
Page 397
III: The Active Life and The Philosophic Life (2)
Page 398
Page 399
Page 400
IV: The Size of The Ideal State
Page 401
Page 403
Page 404
V: The Territory of The Ideal State
Page 405
VI: The Importance of The Sea
Page 406
Page 408
VII: The Influence of Climate
Page 409
Page 410
VIII: Membership and Essential Functions of The State
Page 411
Page 412
Page 413
IX: Citizenship and Age-Groups
Page 415
Page 416
X: The Food-Supply and The Division of The Territory
Page 417
Page 418
Page 419
Page 420
XI: The Siting and Defence of The City
Page 421
Page 422
Page 423
XII: The Siting of Markets, Temples and Communal Refectories
Page 424
Page 425
XIII: Happiness as the Aim of the Constitution
Page 428
Page 429
XIV: Education for Citizenship
Page 430
Page 431
Page 432
Page 433
Page 434
Page 435
XV: The Proper Education for Cultured Leisure
Page 437
Page 438
XVI: Sex, Marriage and Eugenics
Page 439
Page 440
Page 441
Page 442
Page 443
XVII: The Main Periods of Education; Censorship
Page 444
Page 446
Page 447
BOOK VIII
I Education as a Public Concern
Page 452
II: Controversy About the Aims of Education
Page 454
III: Leisure Distinguished from Play; Education in Music (1)
Page 455
Page 457
IV: The Limits of Physical Training
Page 458
Page 459
V: Education in Music (2)
Page 462
Page 463
Page 464
Page 465
Page 466
VI: Gentlemen Versus Players
Page 467
Page 468
Page 469
Page 470
VII: Melodies and Modes in Education
Page 471
Page 473
Page 474
Page 475
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