[The New Cambridge History of the Bible 03] • The New Cambridge History of the Bible · Volume 3, From 1450 to 1750 by Cameron, Euan -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Half title The New Cambridge History of The Bible Title page Imprints page Contents Figures Contributors Preface Abbreviations Introduction

A new attitude towards texts The fracturing of Western Christendom The shape and purpose of this volume

Part I Retrieving and editing the text in early modern Europe

1 The study of tongues: The Semitic languages and the Bible in the Renaissance

Introduction Hebrew Rabbinic studies Aramaic and Syriac Ethiopic and Arabic Conclusion

2 The revival of Greek studies in the West

Fourteenth-century beginnings Learning Greek in the fifteenth century Translations from Greek into Latin Greek manuscripts and printed books The Greek Bible

3 Humanist Bible controversies

The Italian prelude The Erasmian theme announced The Lefèvre interlude The Erasmian theme developed The Erasmian theme completed The Magdalene intermezzo The Lutheran climax Variations on the theme of Erasmus

4 The Old Testament and its ancient versions in manuscript and print in the West, from c. 1480 to c. 1780 5 Critical editions of the New Testament, and the development of text-critical methods

Introduction: the surviving Greek New Testament manuscripts Early critical editions and emerging criteria for the priority of readings

Disparity between critical principles and practice Distancing the text from the textus receptus

Grouping witnesses and the recognition of external and internal evidence

6 In search of the most perfect text

Introduction The Complutensian Polyglot The Antwerp Polyglot The Paris Polyglot The London Polyglot Conclusion

Part II Producing and disseminating the bible in translation

7 Publishing in print

Appendix

Editions of Scripture printed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Incunabula Sixteenth century (6,550)

8 Latin Bibles in the early modern period

The Vulgate in Catholic Europe before the revisions of 1590–1592 New Catholic Latin translations, whole or partial, before 1590 Protestant Latin Bibles of the sixteenth century The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate of 1590–1592 Scholarly translations in the Polyglot Bibles

9 The Luther Bible

German Bibles before the Luther translation Luther’s biblical translations before the September Testament The September 1522 New Testament and its revisions The Old Testament appears in instalments Unofficial editions of the Luther Bible Luther as a biblical translator Luther’s prefaces: the translator as biblical critic Reception of and responses to the Luther Bible Non-Lutheran versions and editions of the Luther Bible The Luther Bible in languages other than High German Conclusion

10 Bibles in the Dutch and Scandinavian vernaculars to c. 1750

Dutch Bibles

The first printed editions (1477–1522) The first Reformed Bible translations (1522–1548) A new Catholic Dutch Bible translation in 1548 Bibles for a diverging Protestantism (1548–1637) The Statenvertaling (Dutch Authorized Version) and afterwards (1637–1750)

Bibles in Scandinavian Vernaculars

Denmark and Norway Iceland Sweden Finland

11 German Bibles outside the Lutheran movement

Zurich Beyond Zurich The Anabaptists The post-Reformation Zurich Bible German Reformed Bibles Herborn The Piscator Bible

12 Bibles in French from 1520 to 1750

Introduction The Protestants

From the 1520s to the end of the sixteenth century Protestant Bibles from 1598 to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) From the Revocation to 1750

The Catholics

The Regula iv of the Roman Index How to get round Regula iv? The ‘French Roman Catholic’ tendency The publication of the Bible by Port-Royal (seventeenth–eighteenth centuries) The translations of Port-Royal (1650–1750) First period (1650–75): the Psalms, the Biblia Sacra and the Mons New Testament Translations of the Psalms (1650–eighteenth century) The Biblia sacra (1662) The Mons New Testament (1667) and the works derived from it Second stage: the Old and New Testament of the Bible of Port-Royal (1672–1708) Publication of the books of the Old Testament The prefaces Publication of the books of the New Testament (1696–1708) Up to the mid-eighteenth century Conclusion

13 English Bibles from c. 1520 to c. 1750

Tyndale Coverdale’s 1535 Bible Towards the Great Bible The Great Bible The Geneva Bible The Bishops’ Bible Rheims–Douai Later Catholic versions Minor Protestant versions The King James Bible Paraphrases, annotations, commentaries and new translations Concordances

14 Bibles in Central and Eastern European vernaculars to c. 1750

Bohemia Poland–Lithuania Hungary Catholic and Orthodox Bibles in translation Assessment

15 Bibles in Italian and Spanish

Bibles in Italian to c. 1792

Medieval translations into the vernacular, and fifteenth-century editions From the Brucioli Bible to the Geneva Bible The reception of the Diodati Bible Protestants, Jansenists and Monsignor Martini ‘The bread of adversity?’

Bibles in Spanish (1450–1750)

Forerunners Francisco de Enzinas (Dryander) The Ferrara Hebrew Bible Juan Pérez de Pineda Casiodoro de Reina’s translation Cipriano de Valera Conclusion

Part III Processing the Bible

16 Authority

The authority of human authors The authoritativeness of the apparatus of study Paraphrase Commentaries Translations Private and lay reading of the Scriptures The ultimate authority question: is something wrong with the Bible? What assurance of the Bible’s authority?

17 Theories of interpretation

Introduction Foundations of a multivocal text in the Pauline Epistles and Church Fathers The rise of literal–historical exegesis in the schools in the twelfth century Expansion of the literal sense in the later Middle Ages Responses to the fourfold sense in humanism and Reformation

18 The importance of the Bible for early Lutheran theology 19 The Bible in Reformed thought, 1520–1750

Oecolampadius Zwingli Bullinger Bucer, Calvin, Beza and Vermigli Reformed Orthodoxy

20 The Bible in Roman Catholic theology, 1450–1750

Systematic theology and spiritual writings before Trent The Council of Trent and controversial theology to c. 1600 The Bible in printed theology of Catholic Europe, c. 1600–1750

21 Orthodox biblical exegesis in the early modern world (1450–1750)

The situation of the Eastern Churches The question of translation The understanding of Scripture in Greek circles Interpretation through homilies rooted in patristic thought Translated paraphrases Commentaries on the book of Revelation The Greek Orthodox hermeneutics of this period An overview of exegesis in the other Orthodox Churches Concluding remarks

22 The Bible in the pulpit, 1500–1750

The Reformation The Catholic Reformation Puritanism Protestant orthodoxy Pietism Evangelicalism

23 The Bible in catechesis, c. 1500–c. 1750 24 The Bible in liturgy and worship, c. 1500–1750

Luther at Wittenberg Zwingli at Zurich Bucer at Strasbourg The Reformed traditions The Church of England The Radical Reformation

Part IV The Bible in the broader culture

25 The Bible in political thought and political debates, c. 1500–1750

The Bible and politics on the eve of the Reformation The early Reformation and the Peasants’ War New strategies for reading: Machiavelli and Galileo Anabaptism, deism and spiritualism Scripture and the secular state: Luther on the Turks Fragmentation or consolidation

26 The problem of ‘spiritual discipline’

Conclusions

27 The Bible and the emerging ‘scientific’ world-view

Aristotle, the church and the authority of Scripture Scriptural science The book of Scripture and the book of nature The Bible and the promotion of a scientific culture Conclusion

28 Between humanism and Enlightenment 29 The Bible and the early modern sense of history

The medieval prologue The Protestant Reformation and biblical history Protestants and Old Testament prophecy Covenant and Apocalyptic in early Protestantism Roman Catholicism and biblical history The fatal elaboration of biblical chronology The implications for history of new ways of reading Scripture in the seventeenth century

30 The Bible and literature in the European Renaissance

Erasmian humanism and the Bible as literature

The Protestant Reformations The Counter-Reformation

Biblical literature in the Renaissance

Italy France The Netherlands England

31 The Bible and the visual arts in early modern Europe 32 The Bible and music in the early modern period (1450–1750)

Psalm motets Penitential psalms in the sixteenth century Gospel motets Hymns (Kirchenlieder) Sacred concertos in the early seventeenth century Schütz: sacred soncerts and the link between the music and the words Oratorio The Passion Anthems Kuhnau: the keyboard as preacher Johann Sebastian Bach and the Bible Handel and the Bible

Part V Beyond Europe

33 The Bible in European colonial thought c. 1450–1750

The background First encounters The friars The goodness of creation: a metaphysical excursus (i) A changing mood The rise of essentialism: a metaphysical excursus (ii) The triumph of imperialism

34 Conquest and evangelisation

The argument for extermination and the Bible The institution replaces the Bible The institution represses the Bible The Bible is liberated: inspiring a new model of humanity and society

Afterword

Select bibliography

Primary sources Secondary sources

Select Bible bibliography

Principal editions of the Bible discussed in the text Editions of the Bible in ancient languages, with or without Latin Polylgot Bibles Bibles in Latin only New translations Translations into the vernacular languages of Europe

Index

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