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Index
List of illustrations
List of contributors
Preface
Introduction
PART ONE Body composition, proportion and growth: implications for health and performance
1 Human body composition
1.1 Aims
1.2 Introduction
1.3 Levels of approach
1.4 Validity
1.5 The chemical model
1.6 Simple indices of fatness, muscularity and fat distribution
1.7 The anatomical model
1.8 Other considerations
1.9 Practical 1: Densitometry
1.10 Practical 2: Measurement of skinfolds
1.11 Practical 3: Simple indices of body fat distribution
1.12 Practical 4: Bioelectrical impedance analysis
1.13 Practical 5: Estimation of muscle mass and regional muscularity using in vivo- and in vitro -derived equations
1.14 Practical 6: Estimation of skeletal mass
1.15 Practical 7: Example of a multi-component model of body composition assessment
1.16 Anthropometric landmarks and measurement definitions
Acknowledgements
Further reading and useful websites
References
2 Somatotyping
2.1 Aims
2.2 History
2.3 The Heath-Carter somatotype method
2.4 Relevance of somatotyping
2.5 Practical 1: Calculation of anthropometric somatotypes
2.6 Practical 2: Comparison of somatotypes of different groups
2.7 Practical 3: Analysis of longitudinal somatotype series
2.8 Practical 4: Visual inspection of somatotype photographs: an introduction to photoscopic somatotyping
Further reading and useful websites
References
3 Physical growth, maturation and performance
3.1 Aims
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Reference values for normal growth
3.4 Biological maturation: sexual, morphological, dental maturation and skeletal age
3.5 Physical fitness
3.6 Summary and conclusions
Appendix
Further reading
References
PART TWO Goniometric aspects of movement
4 Assessment of posture
4.1 Aims
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Curvatures and movement of the vertebral column
4.4 Defining and quantification of posture
4.5 Assessment of posture and body shape
4.6 Other clinical methods of posture assessment
4.7 Movement analysis: Measurements in a dynamic phase of posture
4.8 Spinal length and diurnal variation
4.9 Deviation from normal posture and injury
4.10 Errors and reproducibility
4.11 Conclusion
4.12 Practical 1: Measurement of posture and body shape
4.13 Practical 2: Assessment of sitting posture
4.14 Practical 3: Lateral deviations
4.15 Practical 4: Leg-length discrepancy
Further reading
References
5 Flexibility
5.1 Aims
5.2 Introduction and historical overview
5.3 Theory and application of clinical goniometry
5.4 Laboratory sessions: Flexibility measurements with goniometry
5.5 Summary and conclusion
Further reading
References
PART THREE Assessment of physical activity and performance
6 Field methods of assessing physical activity and energy balance
6.1 Aims
6.2 Why estimate physical activity? The need for a valid measure
6.3 Energy expenditure and physical activity
6.4 Methods of estimating physical activity or energy expenditure
6.5 Considerations when using accelerometers to assess physical activity
6.6 Multiple measures of physical activity
6.7 Practical 1: Relationship between selected measures of physical activity and oxygen uptake during treadmill walking and running
Further reading and useful websites
References
7 Assessment of performance in team games
7.1 Aims
7.2 Introduction
7.3 Method of analyzing team performance
7.4 Field Tests
7.5 Overview
7.6 Practical 1: The use of repeated sprint tests
7.7 Practical 2: Cooper's 12-minute run test
Further reading
References
8 Special considerations for assessing performance in young people
8.1 Aims
8.2 Introduction
8.3 Growth maturation and performance
8.4 Anthropometric tests (body composition)
8.5 General considerations when assessing performance in children
8.6 Assessment of aerobic performance in the laboratory
8.7 Assessment of anaerobic performance in the laboratory
8.8 Adjusting aerobic and anaerobic performance for body size
8.9 Field tests
Further reading
References
PART FOUR Special considerations
9 Anthropometry and body image
9.1 Aims
9.2 Historical Perspective
9.3 Theory and applications
9.4 Practical 1: The anthropometric characteristics of beautiful female bodies
9.5 Practical 2: The anthropometry of the 'ideal' male body
9.6 Practical 3: The anthropometry of Ken and Barbie
9.7 Practical 4: The anthropometry of the ideal face
9.8 Summary and conclusion
Further reading and useful websites
References
10 Statistical methods in kinanthropometry and exercise physiology
10.1 Aims
10.2 Organizing and describing data in kinanthropometry and exercise physiology
10.3 Investigating relationships in kinanthropometry and exercise physiology
10.4 Comparing experimental data in kinanthropometry
10.5 Summary
Appendix
Further reading and useful websites
References
11 Scaling: adjusting for differences in body size
11.1 Aims
11.2 Introduction
11.3 Historical background
11.4 The ratio standard: the traditional method
11.5 Regression standards and ANCOVA
11.6 Allometry and power function standards
11.7 Practical 1: The identification of allometric relationships
11.8 Practical 2: Power function ratio standards
11.9 Elasticity
11.10 Allometric cascade
11.11 Geometric similarity and non-isometric growth
11.12 Scaling longitudinal data
11.13 Summary
Appendix A
Appendix B
Acknowledgement
Further reading and useful websites
References
Index
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