Measuring Abundance · Methods for the Estimation of Population Size and Species Richness by Upton, Graham J.G. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Background

1. Statistical ideas

1.1 Sampling 1.2 Sample statistics 1.3 Common continuous distributions 1.4 Common discrete probability distributions 1.5 Compound Poisson distributions 1.6 Estimation and inference 1.7 Types of model 1.8 Testing the goodness of fit of a model 1.9 AIC and related measures 1.10 Quantile-quantile plots

Part II. Stationary individuals

2. Quadrats and transects

2.1 What shape quadrats? 2.2 How many quadrats? 2.3 Quadrat placement 2.4 Forestry sampling 2.5 Quadrats for estimating frequency 2.6 Nested quadrats 2.7 Quadrats for estimating cover 2.8 *Variation between and within quadrats

3. Points and lines

3.1 The point quadrat frame 3.2 Line-intercept sampling (LIS) 3.3 Point-count transect sampling

4. Distance methods

4.1 Spatial patterns 4.2 Locations for sampling points 4.3 Simple point-to-plant measures 4.4 Using the distance to the kth nearest plant 4.5 The point-centred quarter method (PCQM) 4.6 Angle-order estimators 4.7 Nearest-neighbour distances 4.8 Combined point-to-plant and nearest-neighbour measures 4.9 Wandering methods 4.10 Handling mixtures of species 4.11 Recommendations

5. Variable sized plots

5.1 Variable area transect (VAT) 5.2 3P sampling 5.3 Bitterlich sampling 5.4 Perpendicular distance sampling (PDS)

Part III. Mobile individuals

6. Quadrats, transects, points, and lines – revisited

6.1 Box quadrats 6.2 Strip transects 6.3 Using frequency to estimate abundance 6.4 Point counts (point transects) 6.5 Double-observer sampling 6.6 Double sampling 6.7 Removal sampling

7. Capture-recapture methods

7.1 Capture-recapture models for a closed population 7.2 Capture-recapture models for an open population 7.3 Pollock’s robust design 7.4 Spatial capture-recapture models 7.5 Mark-resight estimation

8. Distance methods

8.1 The underlying idea 8.2 Detection functions 8.3 Point transects 8.4 Using imprecise distance data 8.5 Introducing covariates 8.6 Multiple species 8.7 Sightings of groups 8.8 Line transects

Part IV. Species

9. Species richness

9.1 Richness indices 9.2 Rarefaction 9.3 The dependence of richness on area 9.4 Estimating the unobserved 9.5 The limitation of using richness as a measure of diversity 9.6 An occupation-detection model

10. Diversity

10.1 Berger-Parker dominance 10.2 Shannon entropy 10.3 Simpson’s index 10.4 Effective numbers 10.5 Fisher’s α 10.6 Taking account of differences between species 10.7 Measuring β-diversity

11. Species abundance distributions (SADS)

11.1 Illustrating abundance distributions 11.2 The log-series distribution 11.3 Truncated Poisson-lognormal distribution 11.4 The gambin model 11.5 Testing the goodness of fit of a model to a set of octave counts 11.6 Determining the drivers for species abundance distributions

12. Other aspects of diversity

12.1 Evenness 12.2 Similarity and complementarity 12.3 Turnover 12.4 Rarity

Appendix Notes Further reading References Index of Examples General Index