Perl 6 Deep Dive by Shitov, Andrew -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright

Perl 6 Deep Dive

Credits About the Author Acknowledgements About the Reviewer www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback Preface

What this book covers What you need for this book Who this book is for Conventions Reader feedback Customer support

Downloading the example code Errata Piracy Questions

What is Perl 6?

Origins of Perl 6 Differences from Perl 5

Sigils Signatures Classes Compatibility with Perl 5

Perl 6 resources

Documentation Test Suite STD.pm Community

Compilers

Parrot Pugs Perlito Rakudo

Working with Rakudo Star

Downloading and installing Rakudo Star Command-line options

The -c command The --doc command The -e command The -h and --help commands The -n command The -p command The -I and -M commands The -v and --version command The --stagestats command

Writing our Hello World program Summary

Writing Code

Using Unicode Whitespaces and unspaces Comments

One-line comments Multiline comments Embedded comments

Creating Pod documentation

The =begin / =end Pod block

Phasers Simple input and output Summary

Working with Variables and Built-in Data Types

Using variables

Declaring variables Variable containers in Perl 6

Scalars Arrays

Methods of the Array type

Hashes

Methods of the Hash class

Naming conventions Typed variables

Using simple built-in data types

Integer data type

Methods of the Int type

Converting to a character using the chr method Checking whether the number is prime Generating a random number Getting the sign of the value Calculating the square root of the value Getting the next and previous values Getting the absolute value

Rational data type

Methods of the Rat type

Getting the Perl representation of the value Converting to an Int value Getting the numerator and denominator Methods for rounding the value Methods pred and succ

Numeric data type

Num versus Numeric versus Real

Enumerations Boolean data type

Methods of the Bool type

Using pred and succ Methods to generate random Boolean values

String data type

Methods of the Str class

Converting register Methods to cut strings Methods to check the content of a string Length of the string Reversing a string

Complex numbers

Methods of the Complex data type

Getting real and imaginary parts

Data types to manipulate date and time

Using the Date class Using the DateTime data type

Summary

Working with Operators

Operator classification

Categories of operators Operators as functions

Operators in Perl 6

Infix operators

Assignment operators Operators for multiplication and division Operators for addition and subtraction Modulo operator Divisibility operator Integer division and modulo operators Bitwise operators Integer shift operators String logical operators Boolean logical operators Great common divisor and least common multiple operators String repetition operator List repetition operator String concatenation operator Junction operators The does operator The but operator Universal comparison operator String comparison operator leg Comparison operator for Real numbers Range creating operator Equality and non-equality operators Numerical comparison operators String comparison operators eq and ne Other string comparison operators The before and after operators Equivalency test operator Value identity operator Bound check operator Smartmatch operator Approximate-equality operator Boolean logical operators Defined-or operator Operators for minimum and maximum Pair creation operator Comma operator Invocant separator Zip operator Cross operator Sequence operator Binding operators Logical operator with lower precedence Data pipe operators

Ternary operator ?? !! Prefix operators

Increment and decrement operators ++ and -- Boolean coercion operator Boolean negation operator Numeric coercion operator Numeric negation operator String coercion operator Two-complement binary negation operator Boolean coercion and negation operator The upto operator The temp operator The let operator The not operator The so operator

Postfix operators

Object-oriented postfix operators Increment and decrement operators

Circumfix operators

Quote-word operator Group operator Hash or block creation operator

Postcircumfix operators

Positional access operator Element access operators Invoke operator

Meta-operators in Perl 6

Assignment meta-operator Negation meta-operator Reverse meta-operator Reduction meta-operator Cross meta-operator Zip meta-operator Hyper-operators

User-defined operators Summary

Control Flow

Understanding code blocks and variable scoping

The do keyword

Conditional checks Using loops

The loop cycle The for loop Using while, until, and repeat Breaking the loop

Using labels

Executing code once Collecting data with gather and take Setting the topic with given Summary

Subroutines

Creating and calling subroutines

Default values Optional parameters Named parameters Parameter traits Slurpy parameters Parameter placeholders

Type constraints

Typed parameters Return type

Multi subs

An example

Nested subroutines Creating operators Passing functions as arguments Anonymous subs Summary

Modules

Creating a module Using modules

The need keyword The import keyword The use keyword The require keyword Scoping More on is export

Exporting variables Selective import

Introspection Using zef

Installing a module Searching for a module Uninstalling modules zef command summary How Rakudo stores modules

Summary

Object-Oriented Programming

Creating a class Working with attributes

Read-and-write attributes Typed attributes Using other classes as data types

Working with methods

Private methods

More about attributes

Public and private attributes Automatic getters and setters Class attributes

Class methods Inheritance

Inheriting from a class Using child class instances as objects of a base class Overriding methods Submethods Multiple inheritance

Appending objects and classes using roles Using introspection to learn more Method postfix operators Summary

Input and Output

Standard input and output Working with files and directories

Opening a file Closing a file Testing file and directory properties Manipulating files Working with directories

Reading from a stream

Reading a single line Reading characters Lazy readers The eof method

Writing to a stream

The print function The say method

Example of using the gist method

The printf method

Characters and strings Integers Floating-point numbers

Summary

Working with Exceptions

The try block

The $! variable

Soft failures The CATCH phaser The Exception object

Throwing exceptions Resuming from exceptions Typed exceptions Rethrowing exceptions

The Failure object Creating custom exceptions Summary

Regexes

Matching against regexes Literals Character classes

The . (dot) character Backslashed character classes

\s and \S characters \t and \T characters \h and \H characters \v and \V characters \n and \N characters \d and \D characters \w and \W characters

Character classes Predefined subrules Using Unicode properties Character class arithmetics

Creating repeated patterns with quantifiers

Greediness

Extracting substrings with capturing

Capturing groups The Match object Named captures

Using alternations in regexes Positioning regexes with anchors

Matching at the start and at the end of lines or strings Matching word boundaries

Looking forward and backward with assertions Modifying regexes with adverbs

:i (:ignorecase) :s (:sigspace) :p (:pos) :g (:global) :c (:continue) :r (:ratchet) :ov (:overlap) :ex (:exhaustive)

Substitution and altering strings with regexes Summary

Grammars

Creating a grammar

Matching a grammar

Using rules and tokens Using actions Using abstract syntax tree attributes

Handling expressions

Using the actions class The whole program Summary

Concurrent Programming

Junctions

Autothreading

Threads

Starting a thread Creating and running a new thread The id and name methods Printing thread objects as a string Lifetime threads Using locks in Perl 6

Promises

Creating a promise Statuses of a promise Factory methods The result of a promise Combining promises Executing code after the promise is kept or broken The anyof and allof methods

Channels

Basic use cases To wait or not to wait? Closing channels Channels as queues

Summary

Functional Programming

What is functional programming? Using recursion Using reduction Higher-order functions and lambdas

The WhateverCode blocks

Piping data and feed operators Manipulating the scope

Closures Currying Dynamic scope

Creating and using iterators Lazy and infinite lists Summary

Reactive Programming

What is reactive programming? On-demand supplies

Generating data with supplies The react and whenever keywords Using lists as the source of the supply data

Live supplies

Filtering and transforming data streams

Summary

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