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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Figures
Preface
1 The development of conscience: Concepts and theoretical and empirical approaches
The conceptualization of conscience
The moral reasoning tradition
Morality and emotions
Design of this book
References
Part I Theoretical and cultural historical notions on conscience
2 Moral violations and the ordinary moral person
Introduction
The definition of morality and (im)moral behaviour
Typology of immoral persons
Empirical findings
The ordinary moral person
Containing the consequences of moral imperfection
References
3 Conscience: Does religion matter?
Introduction
Religion and pro-social attitudes and behaviour
Religious fundamentalism, orthodoxy, and prejudice
Religious elements in moral decision-making
Conscience: Does religion matter?
References
4 Like snowflakes and memories: Affective, cognitive, and conative facets of conscience in middle and later childhood
Conscience conceptualized
Our focus on guilt and shame
Extant views of guilt and shame
Evidence linking both guilt and shame to morality in children
Summary and conclusions
Notes
References
Part II Moral reasoning
5 Moral reasoning competence and the moral judgment–action discrepancy in young adolescents
Introduction
Krebs and Denton’s criticism
Mediators between moral competence and antisocial behaviour
Moral consistency
Moral consistency and domain shift
Moral competence, moral consistency, and cognitive distortion in relation to antisocial behaviour
Prevention and intervention
References
6 Moral atmosphere and moral behaviour: A study into the role of adolescents’ perception of moral atmosphere for antisocial behaviour
Method
Results
Discussion
References
7 Measuring moral development: Stages as markers along a latent developmental dimension
Why would we want to measure moral development?
Presuppositions of moral development
Measuring moral development
Conclusion
References
Part III Social emotions
8 Reconciling interpersonal versus responsibility-based models of guilt
Background and introduction
Goals and overview of the chapter
Guilt from an interpersonal perspective
Guilt from a responsibility perspective
Seeking common ground between the two perspectives
Illustrative findings with adults
Illustrative findings with children
Conclusions
References
9 Children’s feelings and evaluations about altruistic and self-serving lies
Theory of mind and deception
Young children’s conceptions of lying
Moral evaluations and moral feelings
Developmental changes in moral feelings and evaluations (Experiment I)
Moral feelings and evaluations in behaviourally disordered children (Experiment II)
Closing remarks
References
10 Does shame bring out the worst in narcissists?
What is shame?
How do people deal with shame?
What individual traits are associated with shame-based aggression?
Narcissism
Does narcissism predispose people towards shame-based aggression?
References
11 Do violent media numb our consciences?
How violent media numb children’s consciences
Social consequences of having children’s consciences “numbed” by media violence
Moderators of violent media effects
Why do people deny media effects?
Reducing violent media effects
Conclusions
References
12 “Happy” and “unhappy” victimizers: The development of moral emotions from childhood to adolescence
Moral emotions: Some divergent findings on development
Moral feelings: A conceptual developmental framework
The happy victimizer phenomenon: Differentiating Level 1 and Level 2 understanding of moral emotions
Deontic reasoning and moral emotions
The emergence of a moral self: The transition from Level 2 to Level 3 reasoning about moral feelings
Conclusion
Note
References
Part IV Conscience and antisocial behaviour
13 Young children’s self-regulation and the development of moral conduct
Part I: Theory on temperament and conscience
Part II: Studies on self-regulation and socialization experiences
Conclusion
References
14 Sex differences in types of aggressive behaviours: Do women have a higher level of conscience than men?
Aggression and conscience
Sex differences in aggression
Sex differences in the development of physical aggression
Sex differences in the development of indirect aggression
Sex differences in the joint development of physical and indirect aggression
Summary of sex differences in physical aggression and indirect aggression
Hypotheses on the development of sex differences in aggression and conscience
Conclusions
Note
References
15 Social cognition and self-regulation: Change in outcome expectations and aggressive behaviour over time
Social cognition
Role of schemas
Self-regulation
A cognitive-behavioural intervention for aggressive children: The Coping Power Program
Potential mediating role for outcome expectations
Longer term impact of intervention on outcome expectations
Conclusion
References
16 Conscience in the classroom: Early adolescents’ moral emotions, moral judgments, and moral identity as predictors of their interpersonal behaviour
Defining conscience and overview of the chapter
Guilt and moral behaviour
Moral judgments and moral behaviour
Moral identity and moral behaviour
Components of conscience and behaviour
Final conclusions
References
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