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Index
Diy Science: Illustrated Guide to Home Forensic Science Experiments: All Lab, No Lecture
Dedication
Preface
Who this Book is For
How this Book is Organized
Acknowledgments
How to Contact Us
Thank You
Author Bios
1. Laboratory Safety
2. Equipping Your Forensics Laboratory
Optical Equipment
Imaging Equipment
Camera (Optional)
Scanner (Optional)
Magnifier (Required)
Microscope (Required)
Microscope Accessories
Photomicrography Equipment (Optional)
Spectrometer (Optional)
Ultraviolet Light Source (Optional)
Laboratory Equipment
Chemicals and Reagents
Specimens
I. Soil Analysis
3. Lab I-1 Gather and Prepare Soil Samples
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure I-1-1: Gather Soil Specimens
Procedure I-1-2: Dry Soil Specimens
Review Questions
4. Lab I-2 Examine the Physical Characteristics of Soil
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure I-2-1: Observe and Categorize Soil Color
Procedure I-2-2: Determine Soil Density
Procedure I-2-3: Determine Soil Settling Time
Procedure I-2-4: Determine Soil Particle Size Distribution
Review Questions
5. Lab I-3 Examine the Microscopic Characteristics of Soil
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure I-3-1: Examine Soil Specimens Under Magnification
Review Questions
6. Lab I-4 Assay Phosphate Concentrations in Soil Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure I-4-1: Extract Soil Specimens
Procedure I-4-2: Assay Soil Phosphate Concentrations
Review Questions
7. Lab I-5 Examine the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Soil
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure I-5-1: Extract Ion Species from Soil Specimens
Procedure I-5-2: Test Soil Specimen Extracts with the Spectrometer
Procedure I-5-3: Identify Ions Present in Exemplar
Review Questions
II. Hair and Fiber Analysis
8. Lab II-1 Gathering Hair Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-1-1: Obtain Hair Specimens with Forceps
Procedure II-1-2: Obtain Hair Specimens with Lift Tape
Review Questions
9. Lab II-2 Study the Morphology of Human Scalp Hair
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-2-1: Macroscopic Examination of Human Scalp Hair
Procedure II-2-2: Wet-Mount Hair Specimens
Procedure II-2-3: Microscopic Examination of Human Scalp Hair
Review Questions
10. Lab II-3 Make Scale Casts of Hair Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-3-1: Make and Observe Scale Casts of Human Hair
Review Questions
11. Lab II-4 Study the Morphology of Animal Hair
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-4-1: Observe Animal Hair
Review Question
12. Lab II-5 Individualize Human Hair Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-5-1: Obtain Hair Specimens
Procedure II-5-2: Observe and Characterize Hair Specimens
Review Questions
13. Lab II-6 Physical and Chemical Tests of Fibers
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-6-1: Test Fiber Specimens by Burning
Procedure II-6-2: Test Fiber Specimens by Solubility
Procedure II-6-3: Test Fiber Specimens by Dye Stripping
Procedure II-6-4: Test Fiber Specimens by Dyeing
Review Questions
14. Lab II-7 Study the Morphology of Fibers and Fabrics
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure II-7-1: Macroscopic Examination of Fabrics
Procedure II-7-2: Microscopic Examination of Fibers and Fabrics
Procedure II-7-3: Cross-Sectional Examination of Fiber Specimens
Procedure II-7-4: Determine the Refractive Index of Fibers with RI Matching Liquids
Procedure II-7-5: Examining Fibers by Polarized Light
Review Questions
III. Glass and Plastic Analysis
15. Lab III-1 Determine Densities of Glass and Plastic Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure III-1-1: Determine Density by Displacement
Procedure III-1-2: Determine Density by Flotation
Review Questions
16. Lab III-2 Compare Refractive Indices of Glass and Plastic Specimens
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure III-2-1: Compare RI of Questioned and Known Specimens
Review Question
17. Lab III-3 Observe Shatter Patterns
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure III-3-1: Produce Glass Shards
Procedure III-3-2: Observe and Compare Glass Shards
Review Questions
IV. Revealing Latent Fingerprints
18. Lab IV-1 Dusting and Lifting Latent Fingerprints
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-1-1: Dusting Latent Fingerprints
Procedure IV-1-2: Lifting Developed Fingerprints
Review Questions
19. Lab IV-2 Revealing Latent Fingerprints Using Iodine Fuming
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-2-1: Fuming Latent Fingerprints with Iodine
Review Questions
20. Lab IV-3 Revealing Latent Fingerprints Using Ninhydrin
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-3-1: Developing Latent Fingerprints with Ninhydrin
Procedure IV-3-2: Ninhydrin After-Treatments
Review Questions
21. Lab IV-4 Revealing Latent Fingerprints Using Superglue Fuming
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-4-1: Preparing for Superglue Fuming
Procedure IV-4-2: Fuming Latent Fingerprints with Superglue
Procedure IV-4-3: Dusting and Lifting Superglue-fumed Fingerprints
Review Questions
22. Lab IV-5 Revealing Latent Fingerprints On Sticky Surfaces
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-5-1: Preparing Specimens for Gentian Violet Development
Procedure IV-5-2: Developing Specimens with Gentian Violet
Review Questions
23. Lab IV-6 Revealing Latent Fingerprints On Brass Cartridge Cases
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IV-6-1: Treat Specimens with Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide
Review Question
V. Detecting Blood
24. Lab V-1 Testing the Sensitivity and Selectivity of Kastle-Meyer Reagent
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure V-1-1: Prepare Known Dilutions of Blood
Procedure V-1-2: Spot Known Dilutions of Blood
Procedure V-1-3: Test Sensitivity of Kastle-Meyer Reagent
Procedure V-1-4: Test Selectivity of Kastle-Meyer Reagent
Procedure V-1-5: Field Testing with Kastle-Meyer Reagent
Review Questions
VI. Impression Analysis
25. Lab VI-1 Tool Mark Analysis
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VI-1-1: Produce and Compare Compression Specimens
Procedure VI-1-2: Produce and Compare Scoring Specimens
Review Questions
26. Lab VI-2 Matching Images to Cameras
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VI-2-1: Matching Films to Cameras
Procedure VI-2-1: Forensic Examination of Digital Image Files
Review Questions
27. Lab VI-3 Perforation and Tear Analysis
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VI-3-1: Produce and Examine Tape Specimens
Review Question
VII. Forensic Drug Testing
28. Lab VII-1 Presumptive Drug Testing
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VII-1-1: Testing Specimens Against Presumptive Reagents
Procedure VII-1-2: Verifying Test Results
Review Questions
29. Lab VII-2 Detect Cocaine and Methamphetamine on Paper Currency
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VII-2-1: Testing a Control Specimen
Procedure VII-2-2: Testing Currency for Cocaine
Procedure VII-2-3: Testing Currency for Methamphetamine
Review Questions
30. Lab VII-3 Analysis of Drugs by Chromatography
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VII-3-1: Prepare Chromatography Jars and Strips
Procedure VII-3-2: Prepare Solutions of Known and Questioned Specimens
Procedure VII-3-3: Spot and Develop the Chromatograms
Procedure VII-3-4: Visualize the Chromatograms
Review Questions
31. Lab VII-4 Observation of Drug Microcrystalline Structures and Precipitation Reactions
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VII-4-1: Preparing Solutions of Known and Questioned Specimens
Procedure VII-4-2: Observing Microcrystalline Structures
Procedure VII-4-3: Analysis of Drugs by Precipitation
Review Questions
32. Lab VII-5 Assay Vitamin C in Urine by Iodometric Titration
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VII-5-1: Prepare a Standard Vitamin C Solution
Procedure VII-5-2: Titrate the Standard Vitamin C Solution
Procedure VII-5-3: Titrate the Questioned Urine Specimen
Review Questions
VIII. Forensic Toxicology
33. Lab VIII-1 Salicylate Determination by Visual Colorimetry
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VIII-1-1: Prepare an Array of Salicylate Concentrations
Procedure VIII-1-2: Test the Reagent
Procedure VIII-1-3: Test the Questioned Specimen(S)
Review Questions
34. Lab VIII-2 Detect Alkaloid Poisons with Dragendorff’s Reagent
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure VIII-2-1: Prepare Questioned Alkaloid Specimens
Procedure VIII-2-2: Test Specimens for the Presence of Alkaloids
Procedure VIII-2-3: Analyze Alkaloids Using Paper Chromatography
Review Questions
IX. Gunshot and Explosive Residues Analysis
35. Lab IX-1 Presumptive Color Tests for Gunshot Residue
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IX-1-1: Produce Gunshot Residue (GSR) Specimens
Producing Simulated GSR Specimens
Procedure IX-1-2: Make up Modified Griess Reagent Test Paper
Procedure IX-1-3: Test for Nitrite Residue in GSR Specimens
Procedure IX-1-4: Test White GSR Specimens for Lead Residue
Procedure IX-1-5: Test Colored or Patterned GSR Specimens for Lead Residue
Review Questions
36. Lab IX-2 Presumptive Color Tests for Explosives Residues
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure IX-2-1: Test Known Specimens
Procedure IX-2-2: Extract Explosives Residues
Procedure IX-2-3: Test Swabs for Explosives Residues
Review Questions
X. Detecting Altered and Forged Documents
37. Lab X-1 Revealing Alterations in Documents
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure X-1-1: Test Ink Solvents
Procedure X-1-2: Produce Questioned Document Specimens
Procedure X-1-3: Examine Questioned Documents by Visible and Ultraviolet Light
Procedure X-1-4: Examine Questioned Documents Microscopically
Procedure X-1-5: Examine Questioned Documents by Iodine Fuming
Procedure X-1-6: Examine Questioned Documents by Chemical Treatment
Review Questions
38. Lab X-2 Analysis of Inks by Chromatography
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure X-1-1: Prepare Chromatography Jars
Procedure X-1-2: Prepare the Questioned Ink Specimen
Procedure X-1-3: Prepare and Spot Chromatograms
Procedure X-1-4: Develop Chromatograms
Review Questions
39. Lab X-3 Forensic Analysis of Paper
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure X-3-1: Examine Paper Specimens Visually
Procedure X-3-2: Examine Paper Specimens Microscopically
Procedure X-3-3: Examine Paper Specimens by Differential Staining
Review Questions
XI. Forensic Biology
40. Lab XI-1 Pollen Analysis
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure XI-1-1: Examining Known and Questioned Pollen Grains
Review Questions
41. Lab XI-2 Diatom Analysis
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure XI-2-1: Digest Diatom Specimens
Procedure XI-2-2: Mount and Observe Diatoms
Review Questions
42. Lab XI-3 Extract, Isolate, and Visualize DNA
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure XI-3-1: Extract DNA
Procedure XI-3-2: Isolate DNA
Procedure XI-3-1: Visualize DNA
Review Questions
43. Lab XI-4 DNA Analysis by Gel Electrophoresis
Equipment and Materials
Materials from Kit
Materials you Provide
Background
Procedure XI-3-1: Build a Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus
Procedure XI-3-2: Prepare DNA Specimens
Procedure XI-3-3: Prepare and Cast Gel(s)
Procedure XI-3-4: Load and Run the DNA Specimens
Procedure XI-3-5: Stain and Visualize the Gel(s)
Review Questions
Index
About the Authors
Copyright
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