[Attachment and Loss 03] • Loss--Sadness and Depression by Bowlby, E.J. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Contents About the Book About the Author Dedication Title Page Preface Part I: Observations, Concepts and Controversies

1. The Trauma of Loss

Prelude Grief in Infancy and Early Childhood Do Young Children Mourn? A Controversy Detachment

2. The Place of Loss and Mourning in Psychopathology

A Clinical Tradition Ideas Regarding the Nature of Mourning Processes, Healthy and Pathological Ideas to Account for Individual Differences in Response to Loss

3. Conceptual Framework

Attachment Theory: An Outline Stressors and States of Stress and Distress

4. An Information Processing Approach to Defence

A New Approach Exclusion of Information from Further Processing Subliminal Perception and Perceptual Defence Stages at Which Processes of Defensive Exclusion May Operate Self or Selves Some Consequences of Defensive Exclusion Conditions that Promote Defensive Exclusion Defensive Exclusion: Adaptive or Maladaptive

5. Plan of Work

Part II: The Mourning of Adults

6. Loss of Spouse

Sources Four Phases of Mourning Differences Between Widows and Widowers Note: Details of Sources

7. Loss of Child

Introduction Parents of Fatally Ill Children Parents of Infants Who Are Stillborn or Die Early Affectional Bonds of Different Types: A Note

8. Mourning in Other Cultures

Beliefs and Customs Common to Many Cultures Mourning a Grown Son in Tikopia Mourning a Husband in Japan

9. Disordered Variants

Two Main Variants Chronic Mourning Prolonged Absence of Conscious Grieving Mislocations of the Lost Person’s Presence Euphoria

10. Conditions Affecting the Course of Mourning

Five Categories of Variable Identity and Role of Person Lost Age and Sex of Person Bereaved Causes and Circumstances of Loss Social and Psychological Circumstances Affecting the Bereaved Evidence from Therapeutic Intervention

11. Personalities Prone to Disordered Mourning

Limitations of Evidence Disposition to Make Anxious and Ambivalent Relationships Disposition Towards Compulsive Caregiving Disposition to Assert Independence of Affectional Ties Tentative Conclusions

12. Childhood Experiences of Persons Prone to Disordered Mourning

Traditional Theories The Position Adopted Experiences Disposing Towards Anxious and Ambivalent Attachment Experiences Disposing Towards Compulsive Caregiving Experiences Disposing Towards Assertion of Independence of Affectional Ties

13. Cognitive Processes Contributing to Variations in Response to Loss

A Framework for Conceptualizing Cognitive Processes Cognitive Biases Affecting Responses to Loss Biases Contributing to Chronic Mourning Biases Contributing to Prolonged Absence of Grieving Biased Perceptions of Potential Comforters Biases Contributing to a Healthy Outcome Interaction of Cognitive Biases with Other Conditions Affecting Responses to Loss

14. Sadness, Depression and Depressive Disorder

Sadness and Depression Depressive Disorder and Childhood Experience Depressive Disorders and Their Relation to Loss: George Brown’s Study The Role of Neurophysiological Processes

Part III: The Mourning of Children

15. Death of Parent during Childhood and Adolescence

Sources and Plan of Work When and What a Child is Told Children’s Ideas About Death

16. Children’s Responses when Conditions are Favourable

Mourning in Two Four-Year-Olds Some Tentative Conclusions Differences Between Children’s Mourning and Adults’ Behaviour of Surviving Parents to Their Bereaved Children

17. Childhood Bereavement and Psychiatric Disorder

Increased Risk of Psychiatric Disorder Some Disorders to Which Childhood Bereavement Contributes

18. Conditions Responsible for Differences in Outcome

Sources of Evidence Evidence from Surveys Evidence from Therapeutic Studies

19. Children’s Responses when Conditions are Unfavourable

Four Children Whose Mourning Failed Peter, Eleven When Father Died Henry, Eight When Mother Died Visha, Ten When Father Died Geraldine, Eight When Mother Died

20. Deactivation and the Concept of Segregated Systems 21. Disordered Variants and Some Conditions Contributing

Persisting Anxiety Hopes of Reunion: Desire to Die Persisting Blame and Guilt Overactivity: Aggressive and Destructive Outbursts Compulsive Caregiving and Self-Reliance Euphoria and Depersonalization Identificatory Symptoms: Accidents

22. Effects of a Parent’s Suicide

Proportion of Parents’ Deaths Due to Suicide Findings from Surveys Findings from Therapeutic Studies

23. Responses to Loss during the Third and Fourth Years

Questions Remaining Responses When Conditions are Favourable Responses When Conditions are Unfavourable

24. Responses to Loss during the Second Year

A Transitional Period Responses When Conditions are Favourable Responses When Conditions are Unfavourable

25. Young Children’s Responses in the Light of Early Cognitive Development

Developing the Concept of Person Permanence The Role of Person Permanence in Determining Responses to Separation and Loss

Epilogue Acknowledgements Bibliography Author Index Subject Index Copyright

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