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Index
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
PREFACE
1: TURNING POINTS AT LIFE’S END
WHAT WENT WRONG
MY MOTHER’S LEGACY
THE FIRST LIVING WILLS
THE MEDICAL PROXY
DOCTORS SPEAK OUT
A RECENT CATALYST FOR THE PUBLIC’S ATTENTION
WHAT ARE THE TWO TURNING POINTS AT THE END OF LIFE?
THE FIRST TURNING POINT: OPTING FOR COMFORT CARE ONLY
RICHARD: A LONG DYING
THE SECOND TURNING POINT: A HASTENED DEATH
THE IMPORTANCE OF RECOGNIZING LIFE’S TURNING POINTS
2: RIGHTS OF THE DYING PATIENT
WHAT ARE YOUR RIGHTS?
HOW CAN YOU ENSURE YOUR RIGHTS ARE HONORED?
THE OFFICE VISIT: AN OLDER PERSON CONFUSED ABOUT RIGHTS
3: THE FIRST TURNING POINT: FROM ACTIVE TREATMENT TO COMFORT CARE
WITHDRAWING UNWANTED TREATMENT, THE FIRST STEP
WHAT IS IDEAL COMFORT CARE?
UNDERSTANDING WHAT SYMPTOMS ARE PART OF THE DYING PROCESS
THE LITTLE THINGS ARE ALSO IMPORTANT WHEN ONE IS DYING
SETTINGS FOR COMFORT CARE
PROBABILITY, CERTAINTY, AND MEDICAL FUTILITY: IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN COMFORT CARE
4: PAIN CONTROL
CONTROL OF PAIN, A CRITICAL ISSUE
PAIN RELIEVERS IN SUFFICIENT DOSES
STAYING AHEAD OF PAIN
ADDICTION AT THE END OF LIFE: NOT A PROBLEM
SIDE EFFECTS OF PAIN RELIEVERS
5: WHAT YOU SHOULD EXPECT FROM YOUR DOCTORS AND NURSES
HISTORICAL CONSTRAINTS ON DOCTORS
QUESTIONS TO ASK
WHAT YOU CAN EXPECT FROM THE NURSE IN END-OF-LIFE CARE
A FINAL THOUGHT ABOUT THE SYSTEM
6: FAMILY AND FRIENDS
THE VALUE OF ALLOWING HELP TO BE GIVEN AT THE END
LETTING THE PATIENT DECIDE THE GROUND RULES
SPECIAL ROLE OF FAMILY OR FRIEND WHO IS ALSO DESIGNATED PROXY AGENT
EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS
WHEN FAMILY AND FRIENDS DISAGREE WITH THE PATIENT
7: THE SECOND TURNING POINT: MAKING THE DECISION TO HASTEN DEATH
A TERRIBLE OUTLOOK IN A PATIENT WITH CANCER OF THE TONGUE: WHAT TO DO FOR DAVID?
HOW HAVE DECISIONS FOR HASTENED DEATH BEEN MADE? QUESTIONS THAT MUST BE ASKED
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS FOR PLANNED, HASTENED DEATH IN THE INTOLERABLY SUFFERING PATIENT
8: WHAT OPTIONS HAVE BEEN USED IN THE PAST TO HASTEN DEATH?
METHODS USED IN THE PAST THAT ARE OFTEN UNSUCCESSFUL OR PROBLEMATIC
SUCCESSFUL MEANS BY WHICH SUFFERING HAS BEEN SHORTENED AND DEATH HASTENED
INCREASING DOSES OF MORPHINE
THE DOUBLE EFFECT RATIONALE WHEN INCREASING DOSES OF MORPHINE HASTENS DEATH
VOLUNTARY REFUSAL OF HYDRATION, ACCOMPANIED BY PHYSICIAN-ADMINISTERED SEDATION AS NEEDED
BASIS FOR LEGALITY OF REFUSAL OF FLUIDS AND TERMINAL SEDATION
PHYSICIAN AID-IN-DYING USING LETHAL DOSES OF BARBITURATES
CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONAL AND NEMBUTAL
LEGALITY OF BARBITURATE USE
AVAILABILITY OF BARBITURATES
DRAWBACKS TO SECRECY
9: HELIUM: NEWLY USED METHOD TO END SUFFERING
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE USE OF HELIUM AT END OF LIFE
HELIUM HAS BEEN USED TO END SUFFERING5
A PATIENT WITH LOU GEHRIG’S DISEASE USES HELIUM
ADVANTAGES OF HELIUM
10: DIFFERENTIATING SADNESS AT THE END OF LIFE FROM CLINICAL DEPRESSION
REVISITING DAVID’S CASE
MARK’S SUICIDAL DEPRESSION
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION VERSUS TERMINAL ILLNESS
HASTENING DEATH VERSUS SUICIDAL DEPRESSION
11: THE SPECIAL CASE OF IRREVERSIBLE DEMENTIA AND END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT
THE DILEMMA OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
WITHDRAWAL OF TREATMENTS THAT PROLONG LIFE: NOT A PROBLEM
WITHHOLDING FOOD AND FLUIDS: MORE DIFFICULT
ASSISTED SUICIDE AND EUTHANASIA IN DEMENTIA: NOT POSSIBLE AT PRESENT
WHAT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE, IDEALLY?
WHAT CAN BE DONE NOW, PRACTICALLY SPEAKING?
12: PLANNING AHEAD WITH ADVANCE DIRECTIVES: STAYING IN CONTROL
PLANNING AHEAD IS ESSENTIAL
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES USUALLY AVOID THE NEED FOR COURTS TO INTERVENE
TYPES OF ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
REMINDERS ABOUT ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
WHAT CAN FAMILIES DO WHEN THE PATIENT IS INCAPABLE OF MEDICAL DECISION MAKING AND AN ADVANCE DIRECTIVE DOES NOT EXIST?
THE ESSENTIALS FOR STAYING IN CONTROL
13: ALLOWING A MERCIFUL DEATH
ATTITUDES TOWARD AID-IN-DYING
RESPECTING THE BELIEFS OF OTHERS
WHERE TO GO FROM HERE?
APPENDIX A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE END-OF-LIFE MOVEMENT AND CURRENT NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
THE HEMLOCK SOCIETY AND ITS SUCCESSOR, END-OF-LIFE CHOICES
COMPASSION IN DYING
MERGER: THE NEW COMPASSION AND CHOICES
FINAL EXIT NETWORK
DEATH WITH DIGNITY NATIONAL CENTER
NEED FOR ONE POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC APPROACH IN THIS COUNTRY
EUTHANASIA RESEARCH AND GUIDANCE ORGANIZATION (ERGO)
DR. JACK KEVORKIAN, HISTORICALLY A SPECIAL CASE
HOSPICE MOVEMENT
APPENDIX B OREGON AND PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED DYING
OREGON’S LEGAL EXPERIMENT WITH ASSISTED DYING
THE OREGON LAW’S PROVISIONS
USE OF THE OREGON LAW
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT ON OREGON’S DEATH WITH DIGNITY ACT
APPENDIX C THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND SWITZERLAND: LEGALIZED ASSISTED DYING
AUSTRALIA: A SPECIAL CASE
DYING WITH DIGNITY, CANADA
WORLD FEDERATION OF RIGHT-TO-DIE SOCIETIES
APPENDIX D END-OF-LIFE ORGANIZATIONS
APPENDIX E SAMPLE LIVING WILL
APPENDIX F HEALTH CARE PROXY FORM WITH OPTIONAL ATTACHMENT
APPENDIX G PROPOSED AUTHORIZATION FOR ENDING LIFE IN SITUATIONS OF IRREVERSIBLE AND PROGRESSIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE
CRITERIA WITH WHICH I WOULD NOT WANT TO CONTINUE LIVING
NOTES
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 TURNING POINTS AT LIFE’S END
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST TURNING POINT
CHAPTER 4 PAIN CONTROL
CHAPTER 5 WHAT YOU SHOULD EXPECT FROM YOUR DOCTORS AND NURSES
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND TURNING POINT
CHAPTER 8 WHAT OPTIONS HAVE BEEN USED IN THE PAST TO HASTEN DEATH?
CHAPTER 9 HELIUM: NEWLY USED METHOD TO END SUFFERING
CHAPTER 10 DIFFERENTIATING SADNESS AT THE END OF LIFE FROM CLINICAL DEPRESSION
CHAPTER 11 THE SPECIAL CASE OF IRREVERSIBLE DEMENTIA AND END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 13 ALLOWING A MERCIFUL DEATH
APPENDIX A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE END-OF-LIFE MOVEMENT AND CURRENT NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
APPENDIX C THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
APPENDIX G PROPOSED AUTHORIZATION FOR ENDING LIFE IN SITUATIONS OF IRREVERSIBLE AND PROGRESSIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Index
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