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Index
IQ AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS
Contents
Tables
Figures
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Why Are Some Countries So Rich and Others So Poor?
CLIMATE THEORIES
GEOGRAPHY
MODERNIZATION THEORIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
CULTURE
DEPENDENCY AND WORLD SYSTEM THEORIES
NEOCLASSICAL THEORIES
MULTI-CAUSAL THEORIES
SUMMARY
2 Intelligence: An Introduction to the Concept
DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE
THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF INTELLIGENCE
THE IQ
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CORRELATES OF INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE
THE HERITABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE
SUMMARY
3 Intelligence and Earnings
INTELLIGENCE AND EARNINGS
TRAINABILITY
JOB PROFICIENCY
COGNITIVE CAPACITIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTELLIGENCE
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF IQ, EARNINGS, AND OCCUPATION
THE LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
SUMMARY
4 Intelligence and Further Economic and Social Phenomena
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT
GENIUS
THE BELL CURVE
THE UNDERCLASS
SUMMARY
5 The Sociology of Intelligence, Earnings, and Social Competence
NEW YORK CITY, 1930–32
LONDON, 1937
AMERICAN CITIES, 1939
AMERICAN STATES
THE BRITISH ISLES
FRANCE AND SPAIN
INTELLIGENCE AND MORTALITY
SELECTIVE MIGRATION AND POPULATION IQ DIFFERENCES
POSITIVE FEEDBACK EFFECTS
THE GENETIC COMPONENT IN SUB-POPULATION DIFFERENCES
SUMMARY
6 Data on Variables and Methods of Analysis
CALCULATION OF NATIONAL IQs IN 81 COUNTRIES
RELIABILITY OF NATIONAL IQs
VALIDITY OF NATIONAL IQs
NATIONAL IQs AND REACTION TIMES
NATIONAL IQs AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ESTIMATION OF MISSING NATIONAL IQs
DATA FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
7 National IQs and Economic Development in 81 Nations
CORRELATIONS OF NATIONAL IQs AND PER CAPITA INCOME
CORRELATIONS OF NATIONAL IQs AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
REGRESSION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN 1998 ON IQs
SUMMARY
8 National IQs and Economic Development in 185 Countries
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN NATIONAL IQs AND PER CAPITA INCOME, 1820–1998
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN NATIONAL IQs AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
REGRESSION OF PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1900 ON IQs
REGRESSION OF PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1930 ON IQs
REGRESSION OF PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1960 ON IQs
REGRESSION OF PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1998 ON IQs
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES
Extreme Deviations
Significantly Deviant Countries
COUNTRIES WITH MINOR DEVIATIONS
NON-DEVIANT COUNTRIES
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY
SUMMARY
9 Intelligence and Markets as the Determinants of Economic Development
INTELLIGENCE AND EARNING CAPACITY
INTELLIGENCE OF POLITICAL LEADERS
CLIMATE, GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RECONSIDERED
MODERNIZATION AND CONVERGENCE THEORIES
INDIA
CHINA
JAPAN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
SUMMARY
10 The Future of the Wealth of Nations
NUTRITION
MALNUTRITION IN UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS
HEALTH
EDUCATION
DYSGENIC FERTILITY
PERSISTENCE OF NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MEAN IQs
GENETIC BASIS OF NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE
CONCLUSIONS: HOW SHOULD WE LIVE WITH PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES?
Appendix 1 The Calculation of National Intelligence Levels
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Barbados
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Colombia
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Zaire)
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guinea
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Lebanon
Malaysia
Marshall Islands
Mexico
Morocco
Nepal
The Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sudan
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tonga
Turkey
Uganda
United States
Uruguay
Western Samoa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Appendix 2 Data on Per Capita Income and Economic Growth in 185 Countries
Bibliography
Index
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
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