Questions on Love and Charity by Aquinas, Thomas -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Series Page Title Page Copyright Contributors Contents List of Abbreviations Introduction: Reading Thomas on Charity in the Summa of Theology Summa of Theology, Secunda Secundae, Questions 23–46 on Charity, with the Opposed Vices, Precepts, and Gift Question 23. Charity in Itself

Article 1. Whether charity is friendship. Article 2. Whether charity is something created in the soul. Article 3. Whether charity is a virtue. Article 4. Whether charity is a special virtue. Article 5. Whether charity is one virtue. Article 6. Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues. Article 7. Whether there can be any true virtue without charity. Article 8. Whether charity is the form of the virtues.

Question 24. The Subject of Charity

Article 1. Whether the will is the subject of charity. Article 2. Whether charity is caused in us by infusion. Article 3. Whether charity is infused according to the quantity of natural things. Article 4. Whether charity can be increased. Article 5. Whether charity is increased by addition. Article 6. Whether charity is increased by any particular act of charity. Article 7. Whether charity is increased to infinity. Article 8. Whether charity can be completed in this life. Article 9. Whether three steps of charity are appropriately distinguished. Article 10. Whether charity can be decreased. Article 11. Whether charity once possessed can be lost. Article 12. Whether charity is lost by a single act of mortal sin.

Question 25. The Object of Charity

Article 1. Whether the love of charity stops at God, or also extends to our neighbor. Article 2. Whether charity should be loved out of charity. Article 3. Whether even irrational creatures should be loved out of charity. Article 4. Whether a person loves himself out of charity. Article 5. Whether a person should love his own body out of charity. Article 6. Whether sinners should be loved out of charity. Article 7. Whether sinners love themselves. Article 8. Whether it is necessary for charity that enemies are loved. Article 9. Whether it is necessary for charity that a person show the signs or effects of love to his enemy. Article 10. Whether we should love the angels out of charity. Article 11. Whether we should love the demons out of charity. Article 12. Whether the four things that should be loved out of charity are inappropriately enumerated.

Question 26. The Order of Charity

Article 1. Whether there is an order in charity. Article 2. Whether God should be loved more than one’s neighbor. Article 3. Whether a person should out of charity love God more than himself. Article 4. Whether a person should out of charity love himself more than his neighbor. Article 5. Whether a person should love his neighbor more than his own body. Article 6. Whether one neighbor should be loved more than another. Article 7. Whether we should love our better neighbors more than our closely connected ones. Article 8. Whether one who is connected to us by carnal origin should be loved most of all. Article 9. Whether out of charity a person should love his child more than his father. Article 10. Whether a person should love his mother more than his father. Article 11. Whether a man should love his wife more than his father or mother. Article 12. Whether a person should love his benefactor more than his beneficiary. Article 13. Whether the order of charity remains in the homeland.

Question 27. The Principal Act of Charity, Which Is Love

Article 1. What is more proper to charity, being loved or loving. Article 2. Whether loving, so far as it is charity’s act, is nothing other than goodwill. Article 3. Whether God is loved out of charity on account of himself. Article 4. Whether in this life God can be loved without mediation. Article 5. Whether God can be loved wholly. Article 6. Whether in divine love some measure should be observed. Article 7. Whether loving an enemy is more meritorious than loving a friend. Article 8. Whether loving our neighbor is more meritorious than loving God.

Question 28. On Joy

Article 1. Whether joy is an effect of charity in us. Article 2. Whether the spiritual joy that is caused by charity receives an admixture of sorrow. Article 3. Whether the spiritual joy that is caused by charity can be full in us. Article 4. Whether joy is a virtue.

Question 29. On Peace

Article 1. Whether peace is the same as concord. Article 2. Whether all things desire peace. Article 3. Whether peace is a proper effect of charity. Article 4. Whether peace is a virtue.

Question 30. On Mercy

Article 1. Whether an evil is properly the motive of mercy. Article 2. Whether a defect on the part of the one who is merciful is the reason for being merciful. Article 3. Whether mercy is a virtue. Article 4. Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues.

Question 31. On Doing Good

Article 1. Whether doing good is an act of charity. Article 2. Whether good should be done to everyone. Article 3. Whether more good should be done to those who are more connected to us. Article 4. Whether doing good is a special virtue.

Question 34. On Hatred

Article 1. Whether anyone can hate God. Article 2. Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins. Article 3. Whether all hatred of one’s neighbor is a sin. Article 4. Whether hatred of one’s neighbor is the gravest of the sins that are committed against one’s neighbor. Article 5. Whether hatred is a capital vice. Article 6. Whether hatred arises from envy.

Question 35. On Acedia

Article 1. Whether acedia is a sin. Article 2. Whether acedia is a special vice. Article 3. Whether acedia is a mortal sin. Article 4. Whether acedia should be set down as a capital vice.

Question 36. On Envy

Article 1. Whether envy is sorrow. Article 2. Whether envy is a sin. Article 3. Whether envy is a mortal sin. Article 4. Whether envy is a capital vice.

Question 37. On Discord

Article 1. Whether discord is a sin. Article 2. Whether discord is the daughter of vainglory.

Question 38. On Contention

Article 1. Whether contention is a mortal sin. Article 2. Whether contention is the daughter of vainglory.

Question 39. On Schism

Article 1. Whether schism is a special sin. Article 2. Whether schism is a graver sin than faithlessness. Article 3. Whether schismatics have any power. Article 4. Whether it is appropriate to punish schismatics by excommunication.

Question 40. On War

Article 1. Whether to make war is always a sin. Article 2. Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight. Article 3. Whether in wars it is lawful to lay ambushes. Article 4. Whether it is lawful to make war on feast days.

Question 41. On Quarreling

Article 1. Whether quarreling is always a sin. Article 2. Whether quarreling is the daughter of anger.

Question 42. On Sedition

Article 1. Whether sedition is a special sin, distinct from other sins. Article 2. Whether sedition is always a mortal sin.

Question 43. On Scandal

Article 1. Whether scandal is inappropriately defined as “something said or done less rightly, bringing an occasion of ruin.” Article 2. Whether scandal is a sin. Article 3. Whether scandal is a special sin. Article 4. Whether scandal is a mortal sin. Article 5. Whether passive scandal can fall upon even those who are perfect. Article 6. Whether active scandal can be found in perfect men. Article 7. Whether spiritual goods should be given up on account of scandal. Article 8. Whether temporal things should be given up on account of scandal.

Question 44. The Precepts of Charity

Article 1. Whether a precept should be given about charity. Article 2. Whether two precepts should have been given. Article 3. Whether two precepts of charity suffice. Article 4. Whether it is appropriately commanded that God should be loved with one’s whole heart. Article 5. Whether it is appropriately added “and with your whole soul and with your whole strength,” etc. Article 6. Whether this precept about the love of God can be kept in via. Article 7. Whether the precept about the love of one’s neighbor is given appropriately. Article 8. Whether the order of charity falls under a precept.

Question 45. The Gift of Wisdom

Article 1. Whether wisdom should be counted among the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Article 2. Whether wisdom is in the intellect, as in its subject. Article 3. Whether wisdom is only speculative, or also practical. Article 4. Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin. Article 5. Whether wisdom is in everyone who has grace. Article 6. Whether the Seventh Beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom.

Question 46. On Folly, Which Is Opposed to Wisdom

Article 1. Whether folly is opposed to wisdom. Article 2. Whether folly is a sin. Article 3. Whether folly is the daughter of lust.

Essays

Some Paradoxes in Teaching Charity Disagreeing in Charity: Learning from Thomas Aquinas Is Charity the Holy Spirit? The Development of Aquinas’s Disagreement with Peter Lombard Righteousness and Divine Love: Maimonides and Thomas on Charity Grace-Perfected Nature: The Interior Effect of Charity in Joy, Peace, and Mercy

Works Cited Scriptural Citations Nonscriptural Citations

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